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关键词： Molecular probe   herbicides as tools   chemical genetics   proteomics   metabolomics   genomics   mode of action  

摘要： Herbicides are small molecules that inhibit specific molecular target sites within plant biochemical pathways and/or physiological processes. Inhibition of these sites often has catastrophic consequences that are lethal to plants. The affinity of these compounds for their respective target sites makes them useful tools to study and dissect the intricacies of plant biochemical and physiological processes. For instance, elucidation of the photosynthetic electron transport chain was achieved in part by the use of herbicides, such as terbutryn and paraquat, which act on photosystem II and I, respectively, as physiological probes. Work stemming from the discovery of the binding site of PS II inhibiting herbicides was ultimately awarded the Nobel Prize in 1988. Although not as prestigious as the seminal work on photosynthesis, our knowledge of many other plant processes expanded significantly through the ingenious use of inhibitors as molecular probes. Examples highlight the critical role played by herbicides in expanding our understanding of the fundamental aspects of the synthesis of porphyrins and the nonmevalonate pathway, the evolution of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, cell wall physiology, the functions of microtubules and the cell cycle, the role of auxin and cyanide, the importance of subcellular protein targeting, and the development of selectable markers.

关键词： 黑草   种子   生物学特性  

摘要： 主要对药用植物黑草种子的形态特征、千粒重、种子发芽条件、种子寿命、种子贮藏等进行了试验研究。结果表明:黑草种子的发芽需要光照,发芽的温度范围为15～35℃,最适宜的发芽温度为30℃,高温抑制其萌发和幼苗的正常生长。种子细小,千粒重约为0.015g。种子寿命短,常温保存约12个月其发芽率下降为0,低温保存的种子比常温保存的寿命长。

关键词： 探究式教学   植物生物学   教学   应用  

摘要： 探究式教学就是以探究为基本特征的一种教学活动形式,是培养学生创新意识和创造能力的有效途径。文章就如何在植物生物学理论和实践教学中进行探究式教学及在高等教育过程中如何正确树立教师与学生关系等问题进行了探讨,并提出了实施策略及建议。

关键词： 植物生物学   双语教学   兴趣   积极性  

摘要： 从教材的选择、多媒体课件的制作与完善、教学过程的组织和课程考核等方面，提出了在植物生物学双语教学中如何调动学生的兴趣和积极性的方法．

关键词： 实验教学改革   植物生物学   高校   生物学实验   设计性实验   文献资料   组成部分   教学体系  

摘要： 植物生物学实验是高校植物教学体系的一个重要组成部分.通过查阅大量相关文献资料,联系多年来所承担的植物生物学实验的经验与心得,对植物生物学实验教学改革中普遍提出的改革考核方式,改进实验内容,增开综合性。

关键词： 水青树   种子   形态学   生理   濒危机制  

摘要： 通过连续三年(2006～2008)对水青树种子(Tetracentron sinense)的形态特征和生理特性等指标进行检测,探讨了不同储藏温度、时间和不同基质对水青树种子萌发的影响,分析了与种子生物学特性相关的濒危机制。水青树种子很小,其形态特征、千粒重、含水量和饱满度在不同年限间差异不显著,而吸水速率却差异显著,其中2007年种子的吸水速率最快。TTC染色测得3年水青树种子的活力几乎为0,但其活力指数分别为0、0.41和0.27,表明TTC染色法不适于水青树种子活力的估算。低温储藏后,3年种子的萌发率分别为1.25%、96.5%、70.8%,发芽势分别为1%、59.8%、41.8%。随储藏时间的增加,2007年种子活力降低的速度都慢于其它2年,低温储藏的种子活力降低速度慢于常温储藏的种子。不同基质对水青树种子的萌发和幼苗的生长有一定影响。结果表明,大年水青树种子的活力明显强于小年,随储藏时间的增加其活力的丧失速度也慢于小年;低温储藏有利于种子活力的保持。种子生物学特性方面导致水青树更新困难的原因可能有以下几点:(1)长期进化形成的小种子虽有利于传播和散布,但不利于种子和幼苗的存活;(2)长期低温不适于种子萌发,难以形成应有的幼苗格局;(3)长期湿润环境不适于种子安全度过寒冷期。

关键词： 木兰属   遗传多样性   分子生物学   研究进展  

摘要： 木兰属是木兰科最具代表性的属,几乎包括了木兰科各属的共同特征,有必要开展更多的研究。对运用分子标记解决木兰属植物系统进化以及遗传多样性等方面的研究进展进行了总结,并指出应通过分子辅助育种为木兰属植物的选择育种和开发利用开创一条捷径,以及应加强对木兰属植物进行遗传图谱构建相关方面的研究。

关键词： 植物生物学   国际会议   农业   维管   Plant   植物学  

摘要： 维管植物生物学与农业国际会议（International Conference on Plant Vascular Biology and Agriculture,PVBA）是国际植物学界顶尖国际会议之一，1-2年举办一次。2009年维管植物生物学与农业国际会议（PVBA2009）于2009年6月21。

关键词： allozyme   mating system   pollen tube growth   pollination   Rhodiola dumulosa  

摘要： Aims Rhodiola dumulosa is a perennial herb growing in a naturally fragmented habitat of high-mountain *** research aims to(i)investigate the mating system characteristics and pollination biology of ***,(ii)study the effects of ecological factors on the mating system and pollination biology of *** and(iii)assess the relationship between its pollination and mating *** Mating system parameters were analysed using allozyme *** of pollen tubes from artificial self-and cross-pollination was also *** investigations were conducted on insect flower visitation during the blooming period of *** among mating system,insect flower visitation frequency and environmental factors were *** Findings The results showed that(i)*** has a mixed-mating system:it is self-compatible and primarily outbreeding,with the multilocus outcrossing rate(tm)ranging from 0.58960.078(6 standard deviation)to 0.84660.077;inbreeding coefficients of maternal parents(F)were zero,indicating that inbreeding depression was intense.(ii)Light intensity and temperature impacted the visitation of the principal pollinators,the syrphid Eristalis tenax and the bumblebee Bombus pyrosoma.(iii)Population size plays an important role in the mating system and *** received more frequent visits by the principal pollinators usually had higher outcrossing *** to some extent affects the mating system of *** and it is important to maintain large populations to prevent further inbreeding and to maintain pollinators to facilitate outcrossing.

关键词： BOTANY   NONFICTION  

摘要： The article reviews the book 'Plant Biology,' by Alison M. Smith, George Coupland, Liam Dolan, Nicholas Harberd, Jonathan Jones, Cathie Martin, Robert Sablowski and Abigail Amey.