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关键词： 三氯乙烯   污染   植物   土壤   生物学指标  

摘要： 通过室内模拟实验,研究了不同浓度TCE污染对小麦幼苗叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及土壤过氧化氢酶、土壤呼吸率的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,较高浓度TCE对小麦叶绿素的合成存在着抑制作用,且抑制作用随着浓度的升高而增强。SOD与CAT活性随着TCE浓度的增加不同程度地表现出先升高后降低的趋势。TCE对土壤过氧化氢酶的抑制作用随着时间的推移能够恢复到对照水平,其浓度与酶活性之间的相关性不明显。TCE浓度大于4.00mg/kg时对土壤呼吸率的抑制作用显著,各浓度与土壤呼吸率间的剂量—效应关系明显,且土壤呼吸作用存在抑制—恢复的趋势。

关键词： 糖蛋白   糖基转移酶   凝集素   植物糖生物学   糖信号  

摘要： 自1988年糖生物学概念提出以来,国内外科学家在动物、微生物领域取得了大量的研究成果,但植物糖生物学的研究进展较慢,目前少见系统的专著或综述。该文围绕植物正常生长时糖信号、逆境时糖信号、糖蛋白及其糖链、重要糖基转移酶及植物凝集素等植物糖生物学的主要问题,全面阐述植物糖生物学的各个研究分支,并介绍各领域的最新研究进展。提出了植物糖生物学的概念,并将其定义为研究植物与糖类互作机制及植物体内糖(糖链与糖分子)结构及生物学功能的科学。

关键词： 植物生物学   课程建设   教学改革  

摘要： 在植物生物学课程建设中,从教材选择、教学内容、教学方法和手段、实践环节和考核体系以及教学资源方面进行了探索和实践,并对植物生物学课程改革的实践经验进行了总结。

关键词： .Genome Sequence   Arabidopsis Genome   Arabi dopsis  

摘要： The article examines the impact of the Arabidopsis genome on plant biology and agriculture in the 21st century. It attributes the transition of Arabidopsis from a genetic to a genomic model system to the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative. The extensive adoption of the weed in corporate research and development portfolios is cited as an indication of the impact of the project. One threat facing the future of plant research is the diminishing basic model-organism research.

关键词： .Compartments   Plant Vacuolar   developmental programs   Surpin and Raikhel  

摘要： The article discusses plant vacuolar trafficking through systems biology. The author claims that systems biology has become an important tool in explaining the complex operations of vacuolar trafficking and its integration at the molecular, tissue and organism levels. Arabidopsis research is also mentioned as a key to understanding the dynamics of vacuolar transport. Also provided in tabular form are the challenges and equipment requirements of the systems biology research for vacuolar trafficking.

关键词： Telomere   Telomerase   Arabidopsis   Genome stability   Plant  

摘要： Telomeres are essential structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Work on their structure and function began almost 70 years ago in plants and flies, continued through the Nobel Prize winning work on yeast and ciliates, and goes on today in many model and non-model organisms. The basic molecular mechanisms of telomeres are highly conserved throughout evolution, and our current understanding of how telomeres function is a conglomeration of insights gained from many different species. This review will compare the current knowledge of telomeres in plants with other organisms, with special focus on the functional length of telomeric DNA, the search for TRF homologs, the family of POT1 proteins, and the recent discovery of members of the CST complex. (C) 2010 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 植物生理学   功能基因组学   中国植物学会   细胞生物学   中国遗传学会   植物分子生物学   转基因植物   科研人  

摘要： 为促进我国从事植物生理学、遗传学、细胞生物学、功能基因组学以及育种等领域的科研人员之间的交流,研讨相关领域的最新成果和进展,由中国植物生理学会、中国遗传学会、中国植物学会及中国细胞学会主办,南开大学承办的"2010全国植物生物学研讨会"于7月18～22日在天津市南开大学成功召开。

关键词： 伊犁心叶驼绒藜   植物学特征   生物学特性   生态学特性   荒漠草原  

摘要： 【目的】通过对伊犁心叶驼绒藜植物学、生物学和生态学特性等研究,为新疆干旱荒漠区防风固沙、水土保持等生态环境建设和畜牧业发展提供优良旱生环保植物资源和牧草资源。【方法】试验区内选择适宜地块,播种野生伊犁心叶驼绒藜种子,采用野外实测调查与室内统计分析研究相结合,对伊犁心叶驼绒藜植物学、生物学和生态学特性进行综合分析。【结果】伊犁心叶驼绒藜寿命长(可达50 a以上),植株高大,株丛密集,分枝多,地下根系发达(多年生植株主根入土超过5 m),耐严冬酷暑,耐旱、耐寒、耐盐碱,土壤pH 8.0,总盐1.0%～2.0%,种子正常发芽,是新疆荒漠草原植被复壮和补播改良草地的优良品种。【结论】伊犁心叶驼绒藜仅分布在我国新疆北部。它生态幅度宽,是天然荒漠草原草地上宝贵的野生优良饲用植物资源之一,特别是在新疆荒漠草原植被恢复和生态建设中具有重要作用。

关键词： auxin transport   developmental patterning   modelling   self-organisation  

摘要： Regulated transport of the plant hormone auxin is central to many aspects of plant development. Directional transport, mediated by membrane transporters, produces patterns of auxin distribution in tissues that trigger developmental processes, such as vascular patterning or leaf formation. Experimentation has produced many, largely qualitative, data providing strong evidence for multiple feedback systems between auxin and its transport. However, the exact mechanisms concerned remain elusive and the experiments required to evaluate alternative hypotheses are challenging. Because of this, computational modelling now plays an important role in auxin transport research. Here we review some current approaches and underlying assumptions of computational auxin transport models. We focus on self-organising models for polar auxin transport and on recent attempts to unify conflicting mechanistic explanations. In addition, we discuss in general how these computer simulations are proving to be increasingly effective in hypothesis generation and testing, and how simulation can be used to direct future experiments.

关键词： molecular markers   aromatic plants   spices   phylogenetic analysis   DNA markers  

摘要： In recent years, molecular tools have been used to help to elucidate some aspects of genetic diversity in aromatic species, the genetic relationships between different cultivars and comparisons of molecular marker analysis to the chemical composition of plants. In this review, an explanation of the most important techniques involving molecular markers is given. A literature survey on molecular markers is presented, with some examples from aromatic plants and spices. However, understanding what controls flavour and aroma production in plants is not an easy task to accomplish. Several aspects of plant secondary metabolism, in particular volatiles production in aromatic plants, are still unknown. The route from genomics to proteomics is not well documented, although some research with model plants has already been performed. To address the question of the synthesis of volatiles, two different approaches are possible and summarized in this review: first, the biochemical and genetic approach;and second, approaches involving functional genomics. Finally, a brief survey of bioinformatics resources is presented. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.