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关键词： Urban flora   Pollinosis   Allergy   Ornamental flora   Urban ecology  

摘要： Comparative ecological and aerobiological analyses of ornamental urban flora in the cities of Crdoba (Spain) and Ascoli Piceno (Italy) identified a group of plants with allergenic pollen whose behaviour is influenced by a number of factors. The geographical position and the resulting climate of both cities favoured the presence of Mediterranean species. In Crdoba, strongly allergenic evergreens introduced during the Moorish period predominated (Cupressus sempervirens, among others), while in the urban area of Ascoli Piceno, Pinaceae were abundant. In both cities, many species of American origin have been introduced for aesthetic reasons, contributing to an increase in the overall allergenicity of urban greenery. The pollen spectrum differed between the two cities: airborne Oleaceae and Cupressaceae pollen abounded in Crdoba, whilst allergenic pollen from surrounding natural environments (Corylaceae) predominated in Ascoli Piceno. These results pointed to a large number of potentially allergenic species in cities, thus highlighting the importance of greater ecological and aerobiological knowledge of allergenic species of urban ornamental flora. Avoidance of more allergenic species when planning new urban green areas could ensure healthier environments for pollen-allergy sufferers.

关键词： Gastrointestinal diseases   Microbiota   Therapeutics  

摘要： A network of ~6,000 binary protein–protein interactions in Arabidopsis thaliana has been generated by testing all pairwise combinations of ~8,000 plant proteins using yeast two-hybrid methodology. This map should aid characterization of some of the many genes with unknown function in this model plant and should provide insights into network evolution.

关键词： POLLINATION   NATURAL resources -- Management   TENNESSEE yelloweyed grass   PLANT phenology   FLOWERING of plants   SEED production (Botany)   HALICTIDAE  

摘要： Study of the pollination biology of endangered species can provide useful information for natural resource managers. We studied the floral biology of Xyris tennesseensis, a federally endangered species, at a site (Willett Springs) in north central Alabama. We described floral behavior and flowering phenology, supplemented pollen onto stigmas from self and outcross sources to determine its effect on seed production and germination ability, documented the floral visitor fauna, and collected data on behavior, abundance and pollen loads of floral visitor species during two years (1998-99). Flowering of the population lasted from July to September each year, but individual flowers completed blooming in about a 3-hr period beginning in late morning. On average, a single flower was visited by three insects for a total of five floral visits during its brief period of anthesis. Floral visitation was greatest when flowers first opened and declined steeply by the time flowers began to close. Halictid bees were the most abundant floral visitors, along with four species of pollen-consuming syrphid flies. Based upon quantity of pollen carried, location on the body, and visitation frequency, we concluded that the halictid bee Lasioglossum zephyrum was the single most important pollinator species on the study site. However, the pollen supplementation study showed that flowers produce seeds without visitation by insects, likely by self-pollination. We concluded that, unlike some endangered plant species, insect pollination is not required for seed production by X. tennesseensis.

关键词： Anamorph   Antagonism   Biocontrol   Canker   Chemotype   Endophyte   Epitypification   Genetic transformation   Mating type   Molecular phylogeny   Pathogen   Morphology   Mycotoxins   Quarantine  

摘要： The genus Phomopsis (teleomorph Diaporthe) comprises phytopathologically important microfungi with diverse host associations and a worldwide distribution. Species concepts in Phomopsis have been based historically on morphology, cultural characteristics and host affiliation. This paper serves to provide an overview of the current status of the taxonomy in Phomopsis with special reference to biology, applications of various species, species concepts, future research perspectives and names of common pathogens, the latter being given taxonomic reappraisal. Accurate species identification is critical to understanding disease epidemiology and in developing effective control measures for plant diseases. Difficulties in accurate species identification using morphology have led to the application of alternative approaches to differentiate species, including virulence and pathogenicity, biochemistry, metabolites, physiology, antagonism, molecular phylogenetics and mating experiments. Redefinition of Phomopsis/Diaporthe species has been ongoing, and some species have been redefined based on a combination of molecular, morphological, cultural, phytopathological and mating type data. Rapid progress in molecular identification has in particular revolutionized taxonomic studies, providing persuasive genetic evidence to define the species boundaries. A backbone ITS based phylogenetic tree is here in generated using the sequences derived from 46 type, epitype cultures, and vouchers and is presented as a rough and quick identification guide for species of Phomopsis. The need for epitypification of taxonomic entities and the need to use multiple loci in phylogenies that better reflect species limits are suggested. The account of names of phytopathogens currently in use are listed alphabetically and annotated with a taxonomic entry, teleomorph, associated hosts and disease symptoms, including brief summaries of taxonomic and phylogenetic research. Available type culture information an

关键词： 生物学教材   植物分类   初中   人教版   家养动物   生物学原理   生物现象   实例  

摘要： 生物学是在对物种及类群观察、比较、实验的基础之上发展起来的。所以教材中无论是描述生物现象,还是探究生物学原理,都离不开生物实例。综合初中生物学教材,物种实例（包括部分类群实例）有近300种。其中动物实例约180种，植物实例110多种。在这些物种实例中，有些是生活中习见的，如一些农作物和家养动物，

关键词： 植物挥发油   生物学活性   反刍动物   应用  

摘要： 本文综述了植物挥发油的生物学活性,同时对挥发油在反刍动物上应用进展作了概述,旨在为研究和开发植物挥发油调控瘤胃发酵提供依据。

关键词： 转基因小麦   科学家   瑞士   转基因品种   特性   植物生物学   转基因植物   苏黎世  

摘要： 瑞士科学家根据他们2008～2010年在苏黎世和洛桑的研究结果，揭示了转基因小麦的重大研究发现。有14个转基因品种的小麦和大麦和非转基因品种进行比较。苏黎世大学植物生物学教授Beat Keller说：“这是首次在瑞士的农业条件下检测转基因植物。”

关键词： 能源油料植物   续随子   生物学特性   开发利用  

摘要： 在介绍能源油料植物续随子的生物学及生态学特性、栽培要点、种子油的脂肪酸组分及其生物柴油制备工艺的基础上,评述了贵州续随子能源产业的开发利用前景及存在的问题,并提出了加快良种选育、加强配套栽培技术研究等建议。

关键词： 寄生植物   生物学特性   寄主植物   植物群落  

摘要： 寄生植物是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,在多数生态系统中均有分布。寄生植物完全或部分依赖于寄主植物获取有机养分、无机养分和水分等,以满足自身生长发育需求。在生态学效应方面,寄生植物不但直接影响寄主植物的生长发育,也会通过改变寄主植物的竞争力而影响植物群落组成。寄生植物对寄主植物个体水平的影响多是消极的,并能给人类的生产活动造成直接经济损失,故对寄生植物的防治一直是人们关注的热点问题;在群落水平上,寄生植物对促进植物群落的物种多样性有积极的意义,基于此,寄生植物有潜在利用价值。深入了解寄生植物的生理生态学特性,对有害寄生植物的防除和有益寄生植物的利用有重要价值。本文对寄生植物的生物学特性,包括其寄生类型、寄主范围及偏好、寄主识别和吸器的形成与功能,进行了阐述,并就寄生植物对寄主植物和群落结构的影响进行了探讨,对相关研究前景进行了展望。

关键词： 分子生物学教学   学术研讨会   植物生理   科研工作   海峡两岸   东北农业大学   生命科学学院   科普工作  

摘要： 由中国植物生理与分子生物学学会和东北农业大学共同主办,中国植物生理与分子生物学学会教育科普工作委员会和东北农业大学生命科学学院承办的＂第二届海峡两岸植物生理与分子生物学教学和科研工作会议暨学术研讨会”于2011年7月29～30日在哈尔滨举行。