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关键词： Arabidopsis/cytology   Arabidopsis/cytology   Arabidopsis/metabolism   Arabidopsis/metabolism   Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics   Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism   Cell Membrane/metabolism   Diffusion   Extracellular Space/metabolism   Membrane Proteins/genetics   Membrane Proteins/metabolism   Multigene Family   Plant Roots/cytology   Plant Roots/metabolism   Protein Binding  

摘要： The Casparian strip in plant roots is a diffusion barrier that directs water and solutes from the soil to the water-conducting tissues. Proteins involved in making the strip have at long last been identified. See Letter p.380

关键词： 微弧氧化   骨质疏松   内植物   内植物-骨界面   骨形成  

摘要： [目的]观察经过微弧氧化(micro-arc oxidation,MAO)表面处理的内植物是否能提高其在骨质疏松兔体内生物学表现。[方法]选用30只成年雌性新西兰大白兔,随机分为卵巢切除组(OVX组,n=20)和假手术组(Sham组,n=10),手术后2周,OVX组接受甲泼尼龙注射,Sham组接受生理盐水注射,6周后分别行双能X线检测两组的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)。确定OVX组骨质疏松模型建立成功后,兔胫骨两侧随机置入经MAO处理的及未处理的内植物,处理组为实验组,未处理组为对照组,术后12周处死动物,取材标本进行生物力学实验,显微CT检测以及组织学分析。[结果]OVX组的BMD显著低于Sham组(P<0.05)。内植物置入OVX组12周后,实验组的最大拔出力,能量吸收值,骨体积和组织骨密度,新骨形成率和骨接触率均优于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]微弧氧化处理能够提高内植物在骨质疏松条件下的生物学表现,有利于增强内植物的稳定性。

关键词： 瑶山苣苔   开花动态   传粉   繁育系统  

摘要： 对仅分布于广西金秀老山自然保护区的国家Ⅰ级保护植物瑶山苣苔进行了开花生物学和繁育系统研究.结果显示：（1）瑶山苣苔花期从8月底至11月初,开花无固定时间.单花开放过程可分为萌动、露白、盛开、凋落4个阶段,且花朵具明显的增大再生长现象.（2）单花、花序、单株水平上的开花物候都表现出开花不同步性,单花花期约5-14 d,单花序花期约11-20 d,单株花期约8-20 d.花粉活力在散粉后6 d内相对较高,但花粉在野外通常于散粉3 d内被昆虫啃食完.（3）柱头在花药散粉时明显高于花药,便于接受异花花粉,柱头在散粉后第4天具可授性,可持续5-6 d.（4）瑶山苣苔杂交指数（OCI）为5,花粉-胚珠比（P/O）为379.64±145.61,繁育系统为兼性异交,自交亲和,传粉过程需要传粉媒介.研究表明,不稳定的传粉环境可能是该物种至濒的主要生殖生物学原因,自发自交＂是其在开花期间对不稳定传粉环境的一种适应.

关键词： 园林植物   植物生态学   植物生物学   景观生态学   园林设计   植物配置  

摘要： 随着人与自然关系的演变与发展,随着近代以来环境污染及生态失衡的威胁与人类的反思,人与自然和谐共处的意识不断增强,生态学的理念日益深入人心,并不断渗透到社会发展的各个领域和人们的日常生活之中,这就要求风景园林设计必须加强对生态学理论的探索和应用。从生态园林设计角度总结了植物生态学原理和植物生物学原理以及景观生态学原理在生态园林造景中的具体应用,从而为园林造景生态型设计的创新指明思路,提供指导。

关键词： 普通生物学   野外实习   教学特色   实践  

摘要： 普通生物学野外经济植物实习是教学中不可缺少的重要组成部分,是培养学生理论联系实际,独立分析问题和解决问题的一个重要教学环节。通过对实习中各环节的总结和探讨,旨在提高实习质量,培养学生的综合素质,有利于进一步拓展学生的知识面和对相关课程的深入了解。

关键词： 植物   bZIP   生物学功能  

摘要： 碱性亮氨酸拉链(basic region/leucine zipper motif,bZIP)类转录因子是研究最多的转录因子基因家族之一,在所有的真核生物中都存在含有bZIP结构域的蛋白,且在已经测序完成的植物基因组中含有大量的bZIP类转录因子.bZIP类转录因子主要定位于细胞核中,参与多种生物学过程,包括植物生长、花发育、种子成熟、衰老、光信号、损伤、病菌防御以及对各种环境胁迫的响应等.本文对国内外近年来有关植物bZIP类转录因子在分布、结构、分类及其与植物生长发育、植物激素、抗病性、抗逆性以及基因互作等方面的研究进展进行综述并对该基因家族研究过程中存在的问题进行了讨论.

关键词： Abiotic and biotic stresses   Crop plants   Organelle proteomics   Plant proteomics   Rice   Secretomics  

摘要： Growing rice is an important socio-economic activity. Rice proteomics has achieved a tremendous progress in establishing techniques to proteomes of almost all tissues, organs, and organelles during the past one decade (year 2000-2010). We have compiled these progresses time to time over this period. The present compilation discusses proteomics research in rice published between 1st April 2008 and 30th July 2010. Progress continues mainly towards protein cataloging deep into the proteome with high-confident protein assignment and some functional significance than ever before by (i) identifying previously unreported/low-abundance proteins, (ii) quantifying relative/absolute values of proteins, (iii) assigning protein responses to biotic/abiotic stresses, (iv) protein localization into organelles, (v) validating previous proteomes and eliminating false-positive proteins, and (vi) discovering potential biomarkers for tissues, organs, organelles, and for screening transgenic plants and food-safety evaluation. The notable achievements in global mapping of phosphorylation sites and identifying several novel secreted proteins into the extracellular space are worth appreciating. Our ever-increasing knowledge on the rice proteomics is beginning to impact the biology of not only rice, but also crops and plants. These major achievements will be discussed in this review keeping in mind newcomers, young, and established scientists in proteomics and plants.

关键词： Imaging   Laser capture microdissection   Leaf   Plant proteomics   Tissue sections  

摘要： Recent advances in instrumentation and sample preparation have facilitated the mass spectrometric (MS) imaging of a large variety of biological molecules from small metabolites to large proteins. The technique can be applied at both the tissue and the single-cell level, and provides information regarding the spatial distribution of specific molecules. Nevertheless, the use of MS imaging in plant science remains far from routine, and there is still a need to adapt protocols to suit specific tissues. We present an overview of MALDI-imaging MS (MSI) technology and its use for the analysis of plant tissue. Recent methodological developments have been summarized, and the major challenges involved in using MALDI-MSI, including sample preparation, the analysis of metabolites and peptides, and strategies for data evaluation are all discussed. Some attention is given to the identification of differentially distributed compounds. To date, the use of MALDI-MSI in plant research has been limited. Examples include leaf surface metabolite maps, the characterization of soluble metabolite translocation in planta, and the profiling of protein/metabolite patterns in cereal grain cross-sections. Improvements to both sample preparation strategies and analytical platforms (aimed at both spectrum acquisition and post-acquisition analysis) will enhance the relevance of MALDI-MSI technology in plant research.

关键词： ALGAE   MICROALGAE   PHOTOSYNTHESIS   PLANT evolution   MICROORGANISMS   GENETIC aspects  

摘要： A commentary about algal models in plant biology is presented. The authors explain how microalgae contribute to the understanding of the evolution and diversification of photosynthesis. They discuss the evolutionary foundations of metabolic pathways for algae. They emphasize the importance of the discovery of algal model organisms to the study of algal diversity for plant research.

关键词： 植物毒性   纳米银   特性   中国科学院   植物生物学   武汉植物园   项目资助   出国留学  

摘要： 在中国科学院公派出国留学计划项目资助下,武汉植物园水生植物生物学学科组尹黎燕副研究员与美国杜克大学生物系、纳米环境效应研究中心开展了合作研究,在＂纳米银对植物的生物效应＂的合作研究中发现：