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关键词： Anacardium occidentale   Anopheles gambiae   fumigant toxicity   mosquito   Myrianthus arboreus   Xylopia aethiopica  

摘要： The bioactivity of hexane extract from the nuts of Anacardium occidentale (Linnaeus), ethanol extracts from the bark of Myrianthus arboreus (P. Beauv) and fruits of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal), were studied at five concentration levels (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%) against the larvae, pupae and adults of Anopheles gambiae (Giles). Results indicated that X. aethiopica caused significantly (P < 0.05) higher mortality of larvae, pupae and adult mosquitoes than other plant extracts tested. It caused 100%, 57.50% and 92.50% larva, pupa and adult mortality, respectively at 0.5% concentration. Also, based on the lethal concentration average (LC50) results, X. aethiopica was the most effective, with LC50 values of 0.23, 0.40 and 0.29 µg/ml on the larvae, pupae and adults An. gambiae, respectively, followed by A. occidentale (LC50 0.28, 0.45 and 0.34 µg/ml), then M. arboreus (LC50 0.32, 0.64 and 0.36 µg/ml). The results of our findings were discussed in line with use of biorationals as an affordable, readily accessible, and environmentally friendly alternative means of reducing malaria disease in Nigeria, by controlling An. gambiae mosquito, a major vector of malaria pathogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： Chalcidoidea parasitoids   Entedon   Specularius impressithorax   wili wili   Erythrina sandwicensis   Africa and Hawaiian Islands   embryonic   larval development  

摘要： Entedon erythrinae sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a gregarious egg-larval endoparasitoid of the Erythrina bruchine Specularius impressithorax, an invasive pest of the coral tree seeds (Erythrina spp.), is described from the Hawaiian Islands and Africa (South Africa, Tanzania and Mozambique). The biology and morphology of preimaginal stages of this new species are described in details. It is remarkable that the early embryo of the parasitoid represents a mass of undifferentiated cells surrounded by a peculiar membrane formed by the peripheral enlarged polygonal cells. The young larva developing inside this membrane corresponds morphologically to the second instar of congeneric species. Various peculiarities of the parasitoid-host relationships in gregarious and solitary Entedon parasitoids are discussed. The DNA sequences of 28S D2 (nuclear), Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI, mitochondrial) and Cytochrome B (CytB, mitochondrial) genes are provided for this new species and compared with the sequences of some other Afrotropical and Palearctic species of the genus.

关键词： OXYGEN   PLANT cells & tissues   HYPEROXIA  

摘要： To minimize damage caused by low levels of oxygen (hypoxia), cells rely on oxygen-sensing mechanisms, which drive downstream adaptive responses. Two studies now show that the N-end rule degradation pathway is part of the oxygen-sensing mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana.

关键词： mangroves   reproductive biology   Rhizophora species  

摘要： Rhizophora annamalayana is a natural mangrove hybrid with a rare seed set;the species is fast disappearing. We investigated possible causes of rare fruit set and explored ways of overcoming reproductive difficulties in this mangrove. Flowers open in the early morning in the hybrid and its parent species. Anthers dehisced after flower opening only in Rhizophora mucronata and Rhizophora apiculata. Anthesis and anther dehiscence took up to 5 days in all three species. Stigma receptivity peaked during anthesis;receptivity was lost within 8 h in R. annamalayana and R. mucronata. In R. apiculata, anthesis occurred inside the flowers, confirming that cleiostogamy occurred. Pollen of R. mucronata was 100% viable. Viability was 53% in R. apiculata. In R. annamalayana, only 3% of pollen was viable. R. mucronata flowers offered pollen and nectar to visitors, which were mainly Lucilia caesar (flies, bees, ants, etc.). Pollinators of R. annamalayana were restricted to Monobia quadridens, Vespa tropica and Ocybadistes walkeri. R. annamalayana reproduced by cross-pollination.

关键词： 植物生物学   广西南宁   专业委员会   植物遗传   分子生物学   发育生物学   基因组学   植物生理  

摘要： ＂2011全国植物生物学研讨会＂于2011年9月16-19日在广西南宁成功举办。本次会议由中国遗传学会植物遗传和基因组学专业委员会、中国植物生理学会细胞与发育生物学专业委员会和分子生物学专业委员会、

关键词： 魔芋属   花粉   远缘杂交   可交配性  

摘要： 为了研究魔芋花器的主要生物学特性及其种间可交配性,以花魔芋、白魔芋、珠芽魔芋、西盟魔芋、勐海魔芋为材料,观察记录花芽发育过程的主要生物学性状,用光学显微镜观察花粉形态特征,采用离体萌发法检测花粉活力,通过人工授粉鉴定其交配性。结果表明:5种魔芋花器形态、色泽差异大,种内也有不同的变异,花魔芋与珠芽魔芋佛焰苞漏斗状,其余为舟状,其中花魔芋花器较大;光学显微镜下花粉粒形态不同;除珠芽魔芋外,其余4种魔芋种内异株杂交都表现出高度的亲和性,而种间正反交有差异,部分组合不亲和,以白魔芋为母本具有广亲和性。因此,白魔芋可作为魔芋亚种间基因交流的桥梁亲本。

关键词： 71桃   生物学特性   植物学特征  

摘要： 对‘71桃’的生物学特性及植物学特征进行小区对比试验。结果表明,‘71桃’早果性好、丰产性强,耐春季变温,花期-1.2℃条件下坐果不受影响,较抗流胶病和穿孔病;‘71桃’在早熟品种中果实着色鲜艳、果个大,单果均重275.2g,最大单果重419g。果形好,果实纵、横、侧径比为0.96:1:0.98。可溶性固形物含量高,达13.6%。耐贮存,常温(30～38℃)下可存放7d,15℃下可贮存15～21d。果实品质优异。

关键词： Biosynthesis   Membrane lipids   Plant development   Target identification  

摘要： The article focuses on the role of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) synthase and galactolipids in the pollen-tube development. It states that a chemical compound named galvestine inhibits MGDG synthase both in vitro and in vivo. It mentions that the inhibition of MGDG syntahse activity by galvestine-1 application results to the decrease in the formation of digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) related to plasma membranes of cells in stretching pollen tubes and reduced pollen-tube growth.

关键词： Nitric oxide   Nitric oxide synthesis   Peroxynitrite   Post-translational protein modification  

关键词： 桉树枝瘿姬小蜂   寄主植物   虫体大小   寿命   怀卵量  

摘要： 桉树枝瘿姬小蜂Leptocybe invasa Fisher&La Salle是桉属(Eucalyptus)植物的重要枝叶害虫。自2007年在我国发现以来,对广西、海南及广东地区的桉树种植已造成严重危害。本文在野外调查的基础上,研究了海南和广东地区共5种桉树上桉树枝瘿姬小蜂的虫体大小、寿命及怀卵量。结果表明,桉树品种能够显著影响桉树枝瘿姬小蜂的虫体大小;用40%蜂蜜水进行补充营养时,不同寄主植物上桉树枝瘿姬小蜂雌成虫的寿命差异显著,而桉树枝瘿姬小蜂雄虫在不同寄主间无显著性差异;不同寄主植物上桉树枝瘿姬小蜂雌成虫的怀卵量不同,并且随着日龄的延长,其怀卵量呈现上升的趋势。