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关键词： 植物   繁殖生理   概况  

ISBN: (纸本)9787562337478

摘要： 本书以水稻为例介绍植物生殖生物学研究技术，包括显微观察与图象处理技术、压片与染色体制片技术、组织切片技术、染色与透明技术等先进的生物研究技术。含盖了植物生殖过程所涉及的胚胎学、细胞学、遗传学、分子生物学和遗传操作等内容，包括花粉发育和胚囊发育生物学，以及双受精、胚胎发生与发育、胚乳发育、种子发育、特殊生殖和生殖工程的生物学等。书中附有彩色图片，具有教高的教学和科研参考价值。

关键词： Plant synthetic biology   Systems biology   'Omics'   Plant biotechnology  

摘要： The recent implementation of various high-throughput biochemical and bioanalytical platforms for the study of biological systems has resulted in a wealth of experimental information that systems biology integrates into models and functional descriptions of organisms. The fast tempo of systems biology development is currently bringing in a revolution in the understanding of cell networks by providing with a holistic comprehension of cellular components and their interaction dynamics. This thorough description of biological systems has laid the grounds for the development of synthetic biology, a discipline applying basic principles of engineering for the rational assembly of biological modules into higher order complex biological systems with desired properties. Despite the success of this new field for the generation of biotechnological tools, it has not been yet widely applied to plant systems. This review aims at describing the current status of systems biology, its contribution to our understanding of plant metabolism, expression and regulatory networks and how synthetic biology approaches could benefit utilising plant and bacterial 'omics' as a source for the design and development of biological modules for the improvement of plant stress tolerance and crop production, among other applications. The article further describes synthetic biology strategies currently being applied to plant metabolic engineering, development of signalling pathways and synthetic organelles, and the potential of this new field for the understanding of plant cellular functioning and the generation of plant biotechnological tools. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Auxins   Seedlings   Arabidopsis thaliana   Root growth   Lateral roots   Motor proteins   Gene expression   Flowering plants  

摘要： Aucsia is a green plant gene family encoding 44-54 amino acids long miniproteins. The sequenced genomes of most land plants contain two Aucsia genes. RNA interference of both tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Aucsia genes (SlAucsia-1 and SlAucsia-2) altered auxin sensitivity, auxin transport and distribution;it caused parthenocarpic development of the fruit and other auxin-related morphological changes. Here we present data showing that the Aucsia-1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana alters, by itself, root auxin biology and that the AtAUCSIA-1 miniprotein physically interacts with a kinesin-related protein. The AtAucsia-1 gene is ubiquitously expressed, although its expression is higher in roots and inflorescences in comparison to stems and leaves. Two allelic mutants for AtAucsia-1 gene did not display visible root morphological alterations;however both basipetal and acropetal indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) root transport was reduced as compared with wild-type plants. The transcript steady state levels of the auxin efflux transporters ATP BINDING CASSETTE subfamily B (ABCB) ABCB1, ABCB4 and ABCB19 were reduced in ataucsia-1 plants. In ataucsia-1 mutant, lateral root growth showed an altered response to i) exogenous auxin, ii) an inhibitor of polar auxin transport and iii) ethylene. Overexpression of AtAucsia-1 inhibited primary root growth. In vitro and in vivo protein-protein interaction experiments showed that AtAUCSIA-1 interacts with a 185 amino acids long fragment belonging to a 2712 amino acids long protein of unknown function (At4g31570). Bioinformatics analysis indicates that the AtAUCSIA-1 interacting protein (AtAUCSIA-1IP) clusters with a group of CENP-E kinesin-related proteins. Gene ontology predictions for the two proteins are consistent with the hypothesis that the AtAUCSIA-1/AtAUCSIA-1IP complex is involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton dynamics underlying auxin biology.

关键词： SOIL fungi   METARHIZIUM   MICROBIAL ecology  

摘要： The article reports on a study which describes the behavior of soil fungi Metarhizium spp. in acting as vectors to transport insect-derived nitrogen (N) to feed two common plant species.

关键词： CYTOLOGY   LIGNINS   PLANT cells & tissues   PLANT cell walls   ADENOSINE triphosphate   PLANT cell membranes   PLANT physiology  

摘要： Lignins are complex aromatic heteropolymers that reinforce the cell walls of terrestrial plants. A new study identifies an ATP-binding cassette ABC transporter that pumps a monolignol lignin precursor across the plasma membrane.◆ (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

关键词： 长尖叶墙藓   生物学特性   耐旱  

摘要： [目的]通过对长尖叶墙藓植物生物学特性的研究,探讨耐旱及耐低温藓类植物的特征。[方法]取一部分新鲜的长尖叶墙藓,用超声波清洗仪进行清洗,扫描电镜观察并照相。[结果]叶干时紧紧贴于茎上,叶细胞多疣,中肋突出,叶尖呈毛刺状。[结论]长尖叶墙藓是适应干旱环境的苔藓植物类型。

关键词： 内生细菌   作用机制   生物学作用   展望  

摘要： 阐述了内生细菌对寄主植物具有固氮、防病及促生等方面的生物学作用;在生物防治中具有产生次生物质、诱导抗性及竞争作用等方面的作用机制;并对内生细菌的发展前景进行了初步展望。

关键词： 细胞生物学   植物科学   竞赛试题   奥林匹克   国际   化学特征   磷酸根  

摘要： 细胞生物学A1．选择质膜上所有类型的脂类共有的化学特征。A．极性头部B．糖成分C．甘油骨架D．磷酸根基团E．

关键词： 植物发育生物学   科技工作者   生物科学   读者对象   系统发育   个体发育   生命周期   内容提要  

摘要： 读者对象：本书可供生物科学和农林及医药相关专业的高年级本科生、研究生、教师和科技工作者参考。 内容提要：植物发育包括完成生命周期的个体发育和体现进化的系统发育，后者在最近十多年来已形成了一个新的研究领域“进化发育生物学”（evolutionary developmentalbiology）。

关键词： Four-dimensional imaging   confocal laser scanning microscopy   fluorophores   transmission electron microscopy   plant cell biology  

摘要： Analysis of plant cell dynamics over time, or four-dimensional imaging (4-DI), represents a major goal of plant science. The ability to resolve structures in the third dimension within the cell or tissue during developmental events or in response to environmental or experimental stresses (i.e. 4-DI) is critical to our understanding of gene expression, post-expression modulations of macromolecules and sub-cellular system interactions. Microscopy-based technologies have been profoundly integral to this type of investigation, and new and refined microscopy technologies now allow for the visualization of cell dynamics with unprecedented resolution, contrast and experimental versatility. However, certain realities of light and electron microscopy, choice of specimen and specimen preparation techniques limit the scope of readily attaining 4-DI. Today, the plant microscopist must use a combinatorial strategy whereby multiple microscopy-based investigations are used. Modern fluorescence, confocal laser scanning, transmission electron and scanning electron microscopy provide effective conduits for synthesizing data detailing live cell dynamics and highly resolved snapshots of specific cell structures that will ultimately lead to 4-DI. This review provides a synopsis of such technologies available.