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关键词： DPPH   Hydrolysable Tannin   Cinnamoyl   Galloyl   Dihydrochalcone  

摘要： This review focus on the phytochemical progress and biological studies of plants from the genus Balanophora (Balanophoraceae) over the past few decades, in which most plants growth in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Oceania, and nearly 20 species ranged in southwest China. These dioeciously parasitic plants are normally growing on the roots of the evergreen broadleaf trees, especially in the family of Leguminosae, Ericaceae, Urticaceae, and Fagaceae. The plants are mainly used for clearing away heat and toxic, neutralizing the effect of alcoholic drinks, and as a tonic for the treatment of hemorrhoids, stomachache and hemoptysis. And it has been used widely throughtout local area by Chinese people. Cinnamic acid derivative tannins, possessing a phenylacrylic acid derivative (e. g. caffeoyl, coumaroyl, feruloyl or cinnamoyl), which connected to the C(1) position of a glucosyl unit by O-glycosidic bond, are the characteristic components in genus Balanophora. In addition, several galloyl, caffeoyl and hexahydroxydiphenoyl esters of dihydrochalcone glucosides are found in B. tobiracola, B. harlandii, and B. papuana. Other compounds like phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids and sterols are also existed. And their biological activities, such as radical scavenging activities, HIV inhibiting effects, and hypoglycemic effects are highlighted in the review.

关键词： 能力   教学体系   植物生物学  

摘要： 经过多年的教学改革与实践,将"植物生物学"课堂教学、实验教学和野外实习三个模块形成相对独立、各有侧重,互相联系、互为补充的整体,并以自学能力、实验能力、研究能力等能力培养为核心,通过教学、课内外讨论、开放资源以及课程论文、自主性实验、野外实习专题研究等一系列举措,提高了学生综合素质,开拓了创新性思维,构建了适合大学生物学基础课教学的一种模式。

关键词： PROTEOLYSIS   FOOD -- Protein content   FOOD -- Microbiology   FOOD -- Sensory evaluation   EWES   CARDOON   MIXTURES   FOOD -- Analysis  

摘要： Cheeses made from ewes' milk by using calf rennet (CR) were compared with those produced with powdered plant coagulant (PPC) obtained from Cynara cardunculus or 50:50 mixture of PPC and CR, by determining different chemical, biochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics throughout the ripening. For most of the chemical and microbiological parameters studied, no differences were observed between the coagulants used. However, significantly higher (P < 0.05) levels of pH 4.6-soluble nitrogen (pH 4.6-SN) and 12% trichloroacetic acid-soluble nitrogen (TCA-SN) were observed in cheeses manufactured with PPC and CR/PPC compared with cheese made with CR. The levels of pH 4.6-SN in PPC cheeses were very similar to those obtained with the mixture of CR and PPC. Both cheese types acquired the typical sensory characteristics faster than the same cheeses made with CR for most of the sensory attributes studied. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 植物   繁殖生理   概况  

ISBN: (纸本)9787562337478

摘要： 本书以水稻为例介绍植物生殖生物学研究技术，包括显微观察与图象处理技术、压片与染色体制片技术、组织切片技术、染色与透明技术等先进的生物研究技术。含盖了植物生殖过程所涉及的胚胎学、细胞学、遗传学、分子生物学和遗传操作等内容，包括花粉发育和胚囊发育生物学，以及双受精、胚胎发生与发育、胚乳发育、种子发育、特殊生殖和生殖工程的生物学等。书中附有彩色图片，具有教高的教学和科研参考价值。

关键词： Plant synthetic biology   Systems biology   'Omics'   Plant biotechnology  

摘要： The recent implementation of various high-throughput biochemical and bioanalytical platforms for the study of biological systems has resulted in a wealth of experimental information that systems biology integrates into models and functional descriptions of organisms. The fast tempo of systems biology development is currently bringing in a revolution in the understanding of cell networks by providing with a holistic comprehension of cellular components and their interaction dynamics. This thorough description of biological systems has laid the grounds for the development of synthetic biology, a discipline applying basic principles of engineering for the rational assembly of biological modules into higher order complex biological systems with desired properties. Despite the success of this new field for the generation of biotechnological tools, it has not been yet widely applied to plant systems. This review aims at describing the current status of systems biology, its contribution to our understanding of plant metabolism, expression and regulatory networks and how synthetic biology approaches could benefit utilising plant and bacterial 'omics' as a source for the design and development of biological modules for the improvement of plant stress tolerance and crop production, among other applications. The article further describes synthetic biology strategies currently being applied to plant metabolic engineering, development of signalling pathways and synthetic organelles, and the potential of this new field for the understanding of plant cellular functioning and the generation of plant biotechnological tools. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Auxins   Seedlings   Arabidopsis thaliana   Root growth   Lateral roots   Motor proteins   Gene expression   Flowering plants  

摘要： Aucsia is a green plant gene family encoding 44-54 amino acids long miniproteins. The sequenced genomes of most land plants contain two Aucsia genes. RNA interference of both tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Aucsia genes (SlAucsia-1 and SlAucsia-2) altered auxin sensitivity, auxin transport and distribution;it caused parthenocarpic development of the fruit and other auxin-related morphological changes. Here we present data showing that the Aucsia-1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana alters, by itself, root auxin biology and that the AtAUCSIA-1 miniprotein physically interacts with a kinesin-related protein. The AtAucsia-1 gene is ubiquitously expressed, although its expression is higher in roots and inflorescences in comparison to stems and leaves. Two allelic mutants for AtAucsia-1 gene did not display visible root morphological alterations;however both basipetal and acropetal indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) root transport was reduced as compared with wild-type plants. The transcript steady state levels of the auxin efflux transporters ATP BINDING CASSETTE subfamily B (ABCB) ABCB1, ABCB4 and ABCB19 were reduced in ataucsia-1 plants. In ataucsia-1 mutant, lateral root growth showed an altered response to i) exogenous auxin, ii) an inhibitor of polar auxin transport and iii) ethylene. Overexpression of AtAucsia-1 inhibited primary root growth. In vitro and in vivo protein-protein interaction experiments showed that AtAUCSIA-1 interacts with a 185 amino acids long fragment belonging to a 2712 amino acids long protein of unknown function (At4g31570). Bioinformatics analysis indicates that the AtAUCSIA-1 interacting protein (AtAUCSIA-1IP) clusters with a group of CENP-E kinesin-related proteins. Gene ontology predictions for the two proteins are consistent with the hypothesis that the AtAUCSIA-1/AtAUCSIA-1IP complex is involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton dynamics underlying auxin biology.

关键词： SOIL fungi   METARHIZIUM   MICROBIAL ecology  

摘要： The article reports on a study which describes the behavior of soil fungi Metarhizium spp. in acting as vectors to transport insect-derived nitrogen (N) to feed two common plant species.

关键词： CYTOLOGY   LIGNINS   PLANT cells & tissues   PLANT cell walls   ADENOSINE triphosphate   PLANT cell membranes   PLANT physiology  

摘要： Lignins are complex aromatic heteropolymers that reinforce the cell walls of terrestrial plants. A new study identifies an ATP-binding cassette ABC transporter that pumps a monolignol lignin precursor across the plasma membrane.◆ (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

关键词： 长尖叶墙藓   生物学特性   耐旱  

摘要： [目的]通过对长尖叶墙藓植物生物学特性的研究,探讨耐旱及耐低温藓类植物的特征。[方法]取一部分新鲜的长尖叶墙藓,用超声波清洗仪进行清洗,扫描电镜观察并照相。[结果]叶干时紧紧贴于茎上,叶细胞多疣,中肋突出,叶尖呈毛刺状。[结论]长尖叶墙藓是适应干旱环境的苔藓植物类型。

关键词： 内生细菌   作用机制   生物学作用   展望  

摘要： 阐述了内生细菌对寄主植物具有固氮、防病及促生等方面的生物学作用;在生物防治中具有产生次生物质、诱导抗性及竞争作用等方面的作用机制;并对内生细菌的发展前景进行了初步展望。