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关键词： 盐胁迫   沉水植物   生物学指标   丙二醛含量  

摘要： 以沉水植物苦草、轮叶黑藻、狐尾藻为研究对象,分别研究了在不同盐度下3种沉水植物的生物学指标和生理状况,以期为沿海地区水系沉水植物构建提供依据。结果表明,在0.05mol/L盐度下轮叶黑藻、苦草出现生长抑制,株高、鲜质量下降,叶片中丙二醛含量增加,单株叶片面积减小,而狐尾藻在0.05mol/L盐度下生长良好,0.08mol/L盐度下出现株高、鲜质量下降,叶片中丙二醛含量增高的现象。因此,推荐盐度在0.05mol/L以下的水体,可以建植苦草和轮叶黑藻,盐度不高于0.08mol/L的水体可以建植狐尾藻。盐胁迫下沉水植物会表现为一定的抗逆性,会通过单株叶片面积减小、增加根冠比、叶片肉质化等措施来减少水分流失和保证机体的正常生理功能,但超过一定的阀值,抗逆性会减弱,导致沉水植物出现生长抑制或者死亡现象。在有一定盐度的水体进行沉水植物建植恢复,该沉水植物能够耐受的盐度高于水体的盐度,是保证沉水植物成活的基本前提。

关键词： 小热激蛋白   分子伴侣   生物学功能  

摘要： 植物中的小热激蛋白(sHSPs)含量丰富,种类繁多。除高温外,sHSPs还被其他多种胁迫诱导,亦能受植物正常发育过程调控。sHSPs由核基因编码,其典型特征是有1个保守的α-晶状体蛋白域结构。通常植物sHSPs具有分子伴侣功能,在不依赖ATP的情况下阻止变性蛋白的聚集,从而对植物抵抗、适应胁迫环境以及生长发育起着重要作用。文章对植物中sHSPs的种类、蛋白结构特征和生物学功能进行了综述。

关键词： 白刺   生物生态学特性   快繁技术  

摘要： 对白刺的生物、生态学特性,特别是快繁技术进行了深入研究,为我国西部地区荒漠化治理和白刺这一野生植物种群的保护与繁育提供科学依据。

关键词： 植物生物学   陕西省   中国作物学会   杨凌   西北农林科技大学   细胞生物学   国际会展中心   分子生物学  

摘要： 10月10～13日，2012全国植物生物学大会（NationalCongressofPlantBiology,NCPB一2012）在陕西省杨凌国际会展中心召开。此次会议主题是“从植物科学到农业发展”，由中国细胞生物学学会、中国遗传学会、中国植物学会、中国作物学会和中国植物生理与植物分子生物学学会联合举办，中国细胞生物学学会植物器官发生分会和西北农林科技大学协办。来自全国各科研院所，大专院校的近900名代表参加了本次会议。

关键词： Binary potential outcomes   causal inference   maximum likeli hood   propensity scores  

摘要： Observational studies of relatively large data can have potentially hidden heterogeneity with respect to causal effects and propensity scores{patterns of a putative cause being exposed to study subjects. This underlying heterogeneity can be crucial in causal inference for any observational studies because it is systematically generated and structured by covariates which inuence the cause and/or its related outcomes. Addressing the causal inference problem in view of data structure, machine learning techniques such as tree analysis can be naturally necessitated. Kang, Su, Hitsman, Liu and Lloyd-Jones (2012) proposed Marginal Tree (MT) procedure to explore both the confounding and interacting effects of the covariates on causal inference. In this paper, we extend the MT method to the case of binary responses along with a clear exposition of its relationship with established causal odds ratio. We assess the causal effect of dieting on emotional distress using both a real data set from the Lalonde's National Supported Work Demonstration Analysis (NSW) and a simulated data set from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： ENDEMIC plants   ORNAMENTAL plants   PLANTS   HISTORY   BIOLOGY   PLANT conservation  

摘要： A thorough review of Oxera pulchella Labill., also called the "royal creeper," was carried out to better understand the amazing story of this almost forgotten New Caledonian ornamental species. The history of this plant is interestingly related to the history of New Caledonia. The literature record's analysis shows that taxonomic placement of the genus Oxera Labill has been widely discussed from its discovery until very recently. This review also offers the opportunity to understand and hypothetize how Oxera pulchella was exported and disseminated worldwide through botanical gardens and private nurseries at the end of the nineteenth century. Along with a review of Oxera pulchella's etymology, vernacular names, iconography, and horticultural fame, this review considers its current taxonomy, horticultural importance, conservation, biology, and various economic issues with a perspective from our ongoing research on this genus of special ornamental potential.

关键词： Chemical biology   Small molecules   Chemical space   Essential pathways   Redundant pathways  

摘要： In addition to their importance as essential agrochemicals and life-saving drugs, small molecules serve as powerful research tools to address questions at all levels of biological complexity from protein function to plant biotic interactions. In certain contexts, chemical tools are complementary or even preferred to genetic analysis, since not all experimental systems are amenable for genetic dissection. For example, mutants impaired in oxygen sensing cannot easily be recovered. Pharmacological and chemical genetics approaches have come to the rescue of biologists in unraveling such genetically intractable systems. In this review, I have discussed my own efforts to analyze oxygen deprivation signaling in plants to illustrate the validity of small molecular approaches in elucidating an essential pathway such as oxygen sensing. Chemical biology is also a potent approach to tease out genetically redundant biological processes. The recent breakthrough in identifying the elusive abscisic acid receptors has clearly demonstrated the power of chemical tools in dissecting redundant pathways and led to the blossoming of this area as a distinct discipline of plant biology research. I present a summary of this work and conclude the review with potential challenges in using chemical tools.

关键词： bioinformatics   comparative genomics   expression analysis   orthology  

摘要： The analysis of gene expression data generated by high-throughput microarray transcript profiling experiments has shown that transcriptionally coordinated genes are often functionally related. Based on large-scale expression compendia grouping multiple experiments, this guilt-by-association principle has been applied to study modular gene programmes, identify cis-regulatory elements or predict functions for unknown genes in different model plants. Recently, several studies have demonstrated how, through the integration of gene homology and expression information, correlated gene expression patterns can be compared between species. The incorporation of detailed functional annotations as well as experimental data describing proteinprotein interactions, phenotypes or tissue specific expression, provides an invaluable source of information to identify conserved gene modules and translate biological knowledge from model organisms to crops. In this review, we describe the different steps required to systematically compare expression data across species. Apart from the technical challenges to compute and display expression networks from multiple species, some future applications of plant comparative transcriptomics are highlighted.

关键词： systems pharmacology   ADME   Traditional Chinese Medicine   cardiovascular diseases  

摘要： Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) involves a broad range of empirical testing and refinement and plays an important role in the health maintenance for people all over the world. However, due to the complexity of Chinese herbs, a full understanding of TCM's action mechanisms is still unavailable despite plenty of successful applications of TCM in the treatment of various diseases, including especially cardiovascular diseases (CVD), one of the leading causes of death. Thus in the present work, by incorporating the chemical predictors, target predictors and network construction approaches, an integrated system of TCM has been constructed to systematically uncover the underlying action mechanisms of TCM. From three representative Chinese herbs, i.e., Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen and Corydalis yanhusuo WT Wang which have been widely used in CVD treatment, by combinational use of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) screening and network pharmacology techniques, we have generated 64 bioactive ingredients and identified 54 protein targets closely associated with CVD, of which 29 are common targets (52.7%) of the three herbs. The result provides new information on the efficiency of the Chinese herbs for the treatment of CVD and also explains one of the basic theories of TCM, i.e., "multiple herbal drugs can treat one disease". The predicted potential targets were then mapped to target-disease and target-signal pathway connections, which revealed the relationships of the active ingredients with their potential targets, diseases and signal systems. This means that for the first time, the action mechanism of these three important Chinese herbs for the treatment of CVD is uncovered, by generating and identifying both their active ingredients and novel targets specifically related to CVD, which clarifies some of the common conceptions in TCM, and thus provides clues to modernize such specific herbal medicines.

关键词： 植物生物学   中国作物学会   生物学领域   教学工作   科研人员   细胞生物   分子生物   植物生理  

摘要： 为展示我国植物生物学研究的最新成果和进展促进植物生物学领域的科研人员之间的交流与合作推动教学工作的开展,中国细胞生物学会、中国遗传学会、中国植物生理与分子生物学会、中国植物学会、中国作物学会联合举办2012全国植物生物学大会.