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关键词： Physiology   Plant sciences  

摘要： Herbivory and mechanical wounding in plants have been shown to elicit electrical signals [mdash] mediated by two glutamate-receptor-like proteins [mdash] that induce defence responses at local and distant sites. See Article p.422

关键词： 植物生物学   生物学领域   科研人员   学术报告   专家学者   国内外  

摘要： 为充分展示我国植物生物学研究的最新成果和进展，促进我国植物生物学研究和科研人员之间的交流与合作，定于2013年10月8-11日在南京召开“2013年全国植物生物学大会”。会议将邀请植物生物学领域专家学者作学术报告，真诚邀请国内外同行参会。

关键词： 种子活力   遗传分析   测定方法   种子引发   蛋白质组学  

摘要： 种子活力是种子质量的重要指标和种用价值的重要组成部分。该文从种子活力概念的演变与延伸、种子活力的遗传分析、种子活力测定方法、与种子活力相关的miRNA和蛋白质组学以及引发提高种子活力的机理等方面对高等植物种子活力的最新研究进展进行了综述,并提出了种子活力未来的研究方向。

关键词： 同翅目   植物病毒   媒介昆虫   生物学特性   传毒机制  

摘要： 植物病毒会直接或间接地对媒介昆虫造成影响,它既可以感染媒介昆虫从而改变昆虫的生理生化性质,也可以通过侵染寄主植物并改变植物营养成分来影响媒介昆虫.被影响的媒介昆虫表现出某些生物学特性(包括发育、寿命、繁殖力、表现型等)的变化.该文综述了同翅目蚜虫、飞虱和粉虱等媒介昆虫所传播的植物病毒、昆虫对病毒的获取、传播和保留等特性以及媒介昆虫的传毒机制.

关键词： 植物学   铀   藜   萌发   代谢  

摘要： 为筛选放射性核素超富集植物及研究其种植方法,探索生物修复必要的栽培技术措施缩短修复周期,快速、有效地清除放射性污染,以超富集植物藜（Chenopodium album Linn.）为材料,研究藜萌发特性及幼苗生长对不同浓度乙酸铀（C4 H6O6 U）处理的效应.结果表明：乙酸铀处理浓度对藜发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数影响的差异不显著,藜种子在萌发期间对乙酸铀具有很强的耐受力.但对藜幼苗根、芽生长具有低促高抑的双重作用,乙酸铀浓度为25～50 mg/L时,与CK比较,芽长增加7.79％～10.21％,根长增加9.79％～16.06％,活力指数增加8.51％～12.48％;乙酸铀浓度为100～400 mg/L时,与CK比较,对芽长的抑制率分别为1.44％～45.55％,对根长的抑制率为3.55 ％～49.60％,对活力指数的抑制率为6.42％～50.29％.随着乙酸铀处理浓度逐渐增加,脱氢酶（DH）活性和过氧化物酶（POD）活性则明显下降,藜幼苗脯氨酸和蛋白质含量提高,C4H6O6U处理与脱氢酶活性和过氧化物酶活性的递降呈显著负相关,均显著降低藜幼苗的脱氢酶活性,表明其体内氧化还原活性减弱,C4H6O6U对藜幼苗的正常代谢已产生严重胁迫.

关键词： Peppermint   Chocolate mint   Anti-microbial   Anti-oxidant   Anti-inflammatory  

摘要： Purpose: To analyze the composition of essential oils of two types of mint as well as compare the antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the two oils. Methods: Peppermint (M. piperita L.) and chocolate mint (M. piperita L.) oils were obtained by steam distillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical composition of the essential oils was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the essential oils were determined by broth dilution method. The antioxidant activities of the oils were determined by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) DPPH radical scavenging assay, beta-Carotene-linoleic acid assay, andnitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assay. Results: The two essential oils contain high levels of alcohol (43.47-50.10%) and terpene (18.55-21.07%) with the major compound being menthol (28.19-30.35%). The antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) of peppermint oil against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa (0.15, 0.08, 0.92 %v/v, respectively) was stronger than that of chocolate mint (0.23, 0.09, 1.22 %v/v, respectively). In the anti-oxidant test including DPPH and beta-Carotene-linoleic acid assays, peppermint oil showed superior antioxidant properties to chocolate mint oil (4.45 - 19.86 mu l/mL). However, with regard to scavenging NO radical activity, chocolate mint oil exhibited higher activity than peppermint (0.31 and 0.42 mu l/mL, respectively). Chocolate mint oil also exhibited higher anti-inflammatory activity than peppermint oil (0.03 and 0.08 mu l/mL, respectively). Conclusion: The results obtained should help to clarify the functional applications of these folk herbs and their essential oils for aromatherapeutic healing and other folkloric uses.

关键词： Oomycetes   Phytophthora infestans   Protein-protein interaction   Protein-protein associations   Network   Bayesian integration   Protein complex   Functional module  

摘要： Background: Associations between proteins are essential to understand cell biology. While this complex interplay between proteins has been studied in model organisms, it has not yet been described for the oomycete late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Results: We present an integrative probabilistic functional gene network that provides associations for 37 percent of the predicted P. infestans proteome. Our method unifies available genomic, transcriptomic and comparative genomic data into a single comprehensive network using a Bayesian approach. Enrichment of proteins residing in the same or related subcellular localization validates the biological coherence of our predictions. The network serves as a framework to query existing genomic data using network-based methods, which thus far was not possible in Phytophthora. We used the network to study the set of interacting proteins that are encoded by genes co-expressed during sporulation. This identified potential novel roles for proteins in spore formation through their links to proteins known to be involved in this process such as the phosphatase Cdc14. Conclusions: The functional association network represents a novel genome-wide data source for P. infestans that also acts as a framework to interrogate other system-wide data. In both capacities it will improve our understanding of the complex biology of P. infestans and related oomycete pathogens.

关键词： 滇龙胆草(Gentiana   rigescens   Franch   ex   Hemsl   )   生态学特性   生物学特性   濒危机制  

摘要： 在滇西南地区对滇龙胆草(Gentiana rigescens *** Hemsl.)在自然状态下的生长环境、生长特性、繁殖特性、开花物候期以及资源状况等进行了考察。结果表明,滇龙胆草的野生种群在自然状态下仅为间断分布且种群内的植株数量较少,自种子萌发至植株开花结实需3年以上时间;开花后授粉方式以自花授粉为主,授粉后5～8 d子房开始膨大,果实成熟期为60 d左右,自然状态下结实率较高(82.4%),但种子萌发率(0.3%)较低;分蘖繁殖能力较低,每丛植株当年仅萌生1～2支茎。野生生境下滇龙胆草群体的更新主要是通过有性繁殖实现,自身繁殖缺陷及人为掠夺性采集是滇龙胆草野生资源濒危的主要原因。

关键词： 20世纪70年代   考古   植物生物学   研究资料   马王堆  

摘要： 消失的藕片 20世纪70年代发掘马王堆双墓时，据说曾在棺椁储藏物品的一个果盘中发现有完整的藕片，取出来时一经晃动，鲜艳的藕片也随之而去。藕片的消失，证明了长沙2000年来从未发生过地震。但对植物生物学研究来说，却失去了一项难以再现的重要物证和研究资料。

关键词： 中国中药协会   系统生物学   麝香保心丸   植物药   心肌缺血   国际   国家中医药管理局   博览会  

摘要： 5月17日，由国家中医药管理局支持，中国中药协会主办的首届“中国国际中药与植物药展览会暨中医院院长论坛”在上海世博展览馆成功举办。国家卫生和计划生育委员会副主任、国家中医药管理局局长王国强，中国中药协会会长房书亭以及来自国家食品药品监督管理总局等相关政府官员代表和近400位来自中国、美国、澳大利亚、俄罗斯、西班牙、港澳台等国家和地区的专家学者参加了会议。清华大学中药现代化研究中心主任罗国安教授在论坛上围绕中药创新研究进行了题为“麝香保心丸整体系统生物学研究”的主题报告，受到与会专家的广泛认可。