教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： SYNTHETIC biology   RESEARCH   PLANT genetics -- Research   BIOENGINEERING   PLANT DNA   PLANT clones  

摘要： Plant synthetic biology aims to apply engineering principles to plant genetic design. One strategic requirement of plant synthetic biology is the adoption of common standardized technologies that facilitate the construction of increasingly complex multigene structures at the DNA level while enabling the exchange of genetic building blocks among plant bioengineers. Here, we describe GoldenBraid 2.0 (GB2.0), a comprehensive technological framework that aims to foster the exchange of standard DNA parts for plant synthetic biology. GB2.0 relies on the use of type IIS restriction enzymes for DNA assembly and proposes a modular cloning schema with positional notation that resembles the grammar of natural languages. Apart from providing an optimized cloning strategy that generates fully exchangeable genetic elements for multigene engineering, the GB2.0 toolkit offers an ever-growing open collection of DNA parts, including a group of functionally tested, premade genetic modules to build frequently used modules like constitutive and inducible expression cassettes, endogenous gene silencing and protein-protein interaction tools, etc. Use of the GB2.0 framework is facilitated by a number of Web resources that include a publicly available database, tutorials, and a software package that provides in silico simulations and laboratory protocols for GB2.0 part domestication and multigene engineering. In short, GB2.0 provides a framework to exchange both information and physical DNA elements among bioengineers to help implement plant synthetic biology projects.

关键词： ARABIDOPSIS thaliana -- Genetics   RESEARCH   DISEASE resistance of plants  

摘要： The article focuses on a research conducted by the Daoxin Xie, a researcher at Tsinghua University in Beijing, China the found a gene called JAV1 in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana that suppresses several responses triggered by jasmonic acid for increasing pest resistance.

关键词： Agaocephalini   behavior   bioecology   Cerrado   corn pest   Dynastinae   larval instars   life-cycle   vegetable pest   white grub  

摘要： The white grub, Aegopsis bolboceridus (Thomson) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae), is an important vegetable and corn pest in central Brazil. The objective of this study was to examine the biology of A. bolboceridus in the field and to update the list of its host plants. The study was conducted in an area with vegetable crops and corn located in the Federal District of Brazil. Samplings were taken to observe the biological stages of A. bolboceridus, preferred oviposition sites, and the adult swarming period. A. bolboceridus exhibited a univoltine cycle that lasted approximately 12 months from egg to active adults. Its eggs were found from October to November. The larval stage lasted approximately eight months, occurring between October and May. Pre-pupae were observed between April and June, and pupae were found between May and July. Inactive adults were observed in July and August, and the swarming period was between September and October. The females preferred to oviposit in sites with taller plants. Four new plant species were identified as hosts for this pest, and two new locations were recorded for its occurrence. This study is the first to describe the biology of a representative of the tribe Agaocephalini in Brazil.

关键词： 植物乳杆菌   生物学特性益生菌  

摘要： 通过对1株猪源性植物乳杆菌进行耐盐性、耐高温、耐酸和抑菌活力等试验研究其生物学特性。试验结果表明:植物乳杆菌在37℃条件下16 h达到生长稳定期,该菌能耐受45℃的高温;耐受pH为3.5的酸性环境;耐受1%猪胆酸盐和6.5%NaCl;对致病性大肠杆菌具有较好的抑制作用。该菌是1株具有良好潜力的饲料发酵益生菌。

关键词： 植物美白剂   细胞生物学   黑色素  

摘要： 本文简要介绍了黑色素的形成机理，重点阐述了美白剂的细胞生物学筛选方法，并对美白剂筛选方法的发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词： RNA   实验教学   操作步骤   电泳  

摘要： 植物总RNA提取是分子生物学常用的技术,这一实验对实验室条件和实验环境要求严格,往往导致学生实验成功的可能性较小。根据多年的实践,我们对实验的原理和具体的操作步骤进行了思考和总结并在此基础上加以改进,收到了良好的教学效果。

关键词： 分子生物学   生物化学   生物技术   植物生物学   生命科学   控制方式   生物系统   化学研究  

摘要： 生物化学长期被定义为生命科学的核心方向之一。即使是10年前，我们也想象不到现在的生物化学研究能够告诉我们如此精妙的生物系统的控制方式。相关的植物生物学和生物技术的研究与日俱增，而且越来越受到重视。本书探讨了植物生物学、生物化学和生物技术研究领域的许多实验技术。

关键词： 花发育   诱导途径   基因表达   分子生物学  

摘要： 综合介绍了高等植物花发育的特点、开花诱导途径、花/花序分生组织形成、花器官发育的分子生物学研究。高等植物的开花诱导有四个促进开花的途径:光周期途径、春化途径、自主途径和赤霉素途径。这些途径通过某些整合基因共同调控植物的开花转换,如FT、LFY、SOC1和FLC等。在花/花序分生组织形成过程中,LFY、AP1等基因发挥着重要作用,它们是花/花序分生组织特异基因。花器官的发育由A、B、C、D、E等五类基因控制,它们调控着花萼、花瓣、雄蕊、心皮的发育。

关键词： 谷胱甘肽还原酶   生物学特性   表达调控   进化分析  

摘要： 谷胱甘肽还原酶(glutathione reductase,GR:EC 1.***.4.2)是植物体内一种重要的抗氧化酶类,其主要的生理功能是将氧化型谷胱甘肽(oxidaized glutathione disulfide,GSSG)还原成还原型谷胱甘肽(reduced glutathione,GSH),从而为活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的清除提供还原力,保护植物免受伤害.文中主要从Gr基因及其氨基酸序列的比较等方面分析了该酶的生物学特性;又对植物逆境响应,酶基因的缺失等方面的研究进行综述,阐释了GR酶在植物体内的作用原理、在逆境胁迫中抗逆表达调控途径及其作用机制;并对已有的研究成果进行总结分析,探讨了GR酶可能的起源及系统进化过程,为今后该酶的研究提供理论参考.

关键词： 植物学   铯   藜   萌发   代谢  

摘要： 以超富集植物藜（Chenopodium albumLinn）为材料,研究了藜萌发特性及幼苗生长在不同质量浓度氯化铯（CsCl）处理后的效应。结果表明：CsCl处理质量浓度对藜发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数影响的差异不显著,表明藜种子在萌发期间对CsCl具有很强的耐受力;但对藜幼苗根、芽生长具有＂低促高抑＂的双重作用。CsCl质量浓度为50~100mg/L时,与对照（CK）比较,根长增加了2.52%~5.84%,芽长增加了2.76%~3.21%,活力指数增加了4.35%~7.01%;CsCl质量浓度为200~800mg/L时,与CK比较,对根长的抑制率为15.60%~62.90%,对芽长的抑制率为12.59%~59.38%,对活力指数的抑制率为17.00%~55.20%。随着CsCl处理质量浓度逐渐增加,藜幼苗脯氨酸和蛋白质质量比提高,脱氢酶（DH）活性和过氧化物酶（POD）活性则明显下降。CsCl处理与脱氢酶活性和过氧化物酶活性的递降呈显著负相关。藜幼苗的脱氢酶活性降低表明其体内氧化还原活性减弱,CsCl对藜幼苗的正常代谢产生严重胁迫。在50~100 mg/L CsCl处理下POD活性略有降低,当质量浓度为200~800mg/L时POD活性显著降低,表明该质量浓度下POD系统的功能甚至其结构可能已受到破坏,最终在萌发代谢中影响藜的活力指数。