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关键词： 猬实   开花特性   传粉者   传粉生物学   繁育系统  

摘要： 对迁地保护的珍稀濒危植物猬实的开花动态、花粉活力、柱头可授性、访花昆虫种类、访花频率、花粉与胚珠比（P/O）、异交指数（OCI）进行观测。结果表明：猬实的单花期约为7d,种群花期约为14d,花冠展开后2～3h,花粉活力达到最高,约为90%,3d后花粉基本不具活力。在整个单花期,柱头一直具可授性,花冠展开后第2天可授性最强。花粉与胚珠比（P/O）为（398.1±63.7）,异交指数（OCI）为3,表明猬实是以异交为主,自交亲和的繁育系统,有时需要传粉者完成传粉过程。猬实的访花昆虫有10余种,以膜翅目蜜蜂科和隧蜂科昆虫为主,另外还有少量双翅目食蚜蝇科昆虫,偶见鳞翅目的柑橘凤蝶和长喙天蛾,其中以蜜蜂科蜜蜂属昆虫传粉效率最高。迁地保护的猬实未见结籽,其原因还有待于进一步研究。

关键词： Plants   growth   ecology  

摘要： Measuring plant stem growth over time is a simple activity commonly used to introduce concepts in growth and development in plant biology (Reid & Pu, 2007). This Quick Fix updates the activity and incorporates a real-world application: students consider possible effects of soil substrate and sunlight conditions on plant growth without needing access to costly supplies. Although written for undergraduates, the activity could be adapted for secondary students.

关键词： SYSTEMS biology   PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of auxin   ROOT growth   HOMEOSTASIS   PLANT growth  

摘要： The past decade has seen major advances in our understanding of auxin regulated root growth and developmental processes. Key genes have been identified that regulate and/or mediate auxin homeostasis, transport, perception and response. The molecular and biochemical reactions that underpin auxin signalling are non-linear, with feed-forward and feedback loops contributing to the robustness of the system. As our knowledge of auxin biology becomes increasingly complex and their outputs less intuitive, modelling is set to become much more important. For the last several decades modelling efforts have focused on auxin transport and, latterly, on auxin response. Recently researchers have employed multi-scale modelling approaches to predict emergent properties at the tissue and organ scales. Such innovative modelling approaches are proving very promising, revealing new mechanistic insights about how auxin functions within a multicellular context to control plant growth and development. In this review we initially describe examples of models capturing auxin transport and response pathways, and then discuss increasingly complex models that integrate multiple hormone response pathways, tissues and/or scales.

关键词： AUXIN   PLANT molecular biology   PLANT growth   CHEMOGENOMICS   PROTEIN synthesis   PLANT hormones  

摘要： The plant hormone auxin regulates virtually every aspect of plant growth and development and unraveling its molecular and cellular modes of action is fundamental for plant biology research. Chemical genomics is the use of small molecules to modify protein functions. This approach currently rises as a powerful technology for basic research. Small compounds with auxin-like activities or affecting auxin-mediated biological processes have been widely used in auxin research. They can serve as a tool complementary to genetic and genomic methods, facilitating the identification of an array of components modulating auxin metabolism, transport and signaling. The employment of high-throughput screening technologies combined with informatics-based chemical design and organic chemical synthesis has since yielded many novel small molecules with more instantaneous, precise and specific functionalities. By applying those small molecules, novel molecular targets can be isolated to further understand and dissect auxin-related pathways and networks that otherwise are too complex to be elucidated only by gene-based methods. Here, we will review examples of recently characterized molecules used in auxin research, highlight the strategies of unraveling the mechanisms of these small molecules and discuss future perspectives of small molecule applications in auxin biology.

关键词： Compound interest   Seed bank dynamics   Density dependence   Unified model   Power law  

摘要： Reunification of widely-usedclassic models in ecology is a very important step for the field to grow. In this study, classic models based on compound interest law, which exists in many natural phenomena, were reunified, and a seed bank dynamics model of annual plants was developed. We found an intrinsic relationship between the compound interest of unit period and density dependence, and the relationship was interpreted using evolutionary stability strategies of a single seed. Based on the relationship, a seed bank dynamic model of annual plants was constructed, and compound interest of the unit period and discrete-time dynamic processes, by which a new density-dependence based on the benefit balance of storage and investment (defined as the compound interest law) was derived. Our model not only can be used to reunify the three classic models (Cohen's, Goldberg's, and Fulmer's) but can also support different levels of density dependence in the seed bank dynamics of annual plants. Our study has shown that the compound interest law interprets seed bank dynamics more clearly than the traditional power law, not only because there are close relationships between the compound interest law and the power laws in numerical simulations but also because the compound interest law can be directly interpreted by the evolutionary stability theory. Our study provides new insight into the bet hedging theory and the life-history evolution of plants with seed banks by adding a compound interest term to the fitness function of annual plants. We suggest that if the interest rate of delaying growth can be defined by compensating for delayed growth, compound interest of the unit period will play an important role in biology and ecology. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： PHYTOPLASMAS   ARABIDOPSIS   PLANT proteins  

摘要： The article discusses research by researcher Saskia Hogenhout and her colleagues, published in the journal 'PLoS Biology' in 2014, who found a phytoplasma protein in Arabidopsis plants that interacts with plant proteins to degrade molecules responsible for regulating floral development.

关键词： 植物生物学   实践教学   改革  

摘要： 为加强植物生物学课程实践教学,采取增加现场实践教学环节、精心组织安排实习、充分利用显微数码互动系统改革实验教学,实行导师制,组织学生参与标本室建设等措施,持续强化植物生物学的实践教学环节,进行有益的探索和尝试。

关键词： 植物生物学   课堂教学   网络资源  

摘要： 丰富的网络信息资源为教学工作提供了极大便利。在植物生物学教学过程中如何充分利用这些资源以提高教学效果是值得我们认真思考的问题。本文结合自身的教学工作实践,讨论了在植物生物学教学过程中如何与网络资源有机衔接,提出了相应的建议。

关键词： 金合欢属   生殖生物学   进展  

摘要： 金合欢属植物具有较高的经济价值,我国引入已近百种。自引入以来,种子园经营及管理出现诸多问题,加之林木经营者对本属植物生殖学了解欠缺,迫切需要加深这方面的认识。笔者对半个世纪国外在金合欢属植物生殖生物学方面的研究成果进行整理,对其生殖生物学研究进行综述,包括花部生物学特征、雄蕊的发育、开花传粉及繁育体系;同时讨论了种子园座果率及种子产量低下的原因,并对以后的研究提出了展望,以期为生产中提高种子园的管理效率起到指导意义。

关键词： 中国园艺学会   蔬菜嫁接   武汉市   国际   教育部重点实验室   华中农业大学   农业科学研究所   植物生物学  

摘要： 由国际园艺学会主办，华中农业大学和中国园艺学会承办，武汉市农业科学研究所、武汉维尔福生物科技股份有限公司、国家西甜瓜产业技术研发中心、园艺植物生物学教育部重点实验室等多家单位协办的“第一届国际园艺学会蔬莱嫁接研讨会”于2014年3月17日～21日在华中农业大学召开。