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关键词： 构树[Broussonetia   papyrifem(L.)Vent.]   生物学   生态学   园林应用  

摘要： 构树[Broussonetia papyrifera(L.)Vent.]的自然更新机制完善、适应性强、分布广泛,具有观赏价值和生态效益,是城市园林绿化的潜在树种资源。对野生植物构树的主要生物学、生态学特征及其在园林上的应用进行了综述。

关键词： NF-Y转录因子   生长发育   逆境胁迫反应  

摘要： 核因子Y(NF-Y),又称CCAAT盒结合因子(CBF)或亚铁血红素激活蛋白(HAP),是一种普遍存在于酵母、哺乳动物及植物等真核生物中的转录因子,由三种不同的亚基组成,即NF-YA(CBF-B或HAP2)、NF-YB(CBF-A或HAP3)和NF-YC(CBF-C或HAP5)。近年来的研究发现NF-Y在植物胚胎发育、光合作用、开花时间调控、逆境胁迫响应等诸多方面起重要作用。本文简要阐述植物NF-Y的生化、互作与家族特性、基因表达调控、生物学功能等方面的研究进展。

关键词： Facultative xenogamy   Herbivory on sexual structures   Nectar production   Pollen limitation   Protandry  

摘要： A remarkable diversity of floral adaptations and reproductive strategies has evolved in flowering plants as a result of natural selection mediated by pollinators. The form and functioning of sexual units determine the patterns of pollen dispersal and receipt and, together with post-pollination mechanisms including incompatibility systems, determine the plant reproductive fitness. Reproductive biology assumes a special importance in rare and endemic species due to restricted population/distribution sizes. Salvia sclareoides Brot. (Lamiaceae) is an endemic species of Iberian Peninsula with conservation interest for which little information is available. The aim of this work was to study the flower biology and breeding system of S. sclareoides and assess how reproductive traits, pollination services and herbivory affected the reproductive success of this species. One natural population was selected to study flower lifespan, floral rewards and sexual functioning and to determine the reproductive system;additionally, in three natural populations, pollen limitation and herbivory of sexual structures were quantified. Salvia sclareoides presents short-lived, nectar rewarding flowers arranged in inflorescences with several flowers simultaneously open. The flowers are protandrous, although the peak of pollen germinability and stigmatic receptivity coincided. Pollination experiments revealed that S. sclareoides is self-compatible, having some ability of spontaneous selfing. Still, the presence of pollinators significantly increased the reproductive success. Also, both quantitative and qualitative pollen limitation was observed. Finally, it was revealed that the reproductive success was also affected by herbivores that damaged significantly the sexual structures. The consequences of the obtained results for the dynamics of S. sclareoides populations are discussed.

关键词： Molecular biology   Non-coding RNAs   Plant sciences  

摘要： The discovery of peptides encoded by what were thought to be non-coding - or 'junk' - regions of precursors to microRNA sequences reveals a new layer of gene regulation. These sequences may not be junk, after all. See Letter p.90

关键词： 耐盐机制   盐胁迫   盐生植物  

摘要： 就盐胁迫对植物的危害、植物耐盐机制的研究现状及展望进行了介绍,以期为盐碱地的改良、盐碱资源的开发利用、生态平衡的维持提供参考.

关键词： 局部生长素合成   生物学功能   调控机制   高等植物  

摘要： 局部生长素合成是目前植物生长素研究领域中的重要热点之一,受内源发育信号和外界环境因子的时空调控。局部生长素合成在植物配子体发生、胚胎与果实发育、器官发生、向性生长和逆境响应中具有重要的生物学功能。该文在扼要介绍生长素局部合成与顶端合成、极性运输及其稳态之间互作的基础上,重点介绍了近年来有关局部生长素合成的生物学功能及其调控机制的最新进展。

关键词： 资源植物   青岛海洋所   研究中心   藓类   中国科学院   朱健康   地理研究所   逆生   东北林业大学   张道远  

摘要： 2015年1月10月,首届抗逆资源植物研讨会在中国科学院上海植物逆境生物学研究中心成功召开。来自兰州大学、首都师范大学、中国科技大学、东北林业大学、四川大学、中科院植物研究所、青岛海洋所、寒旱所和新疆生态与地理研究所等11个高校和科研院所的专家出席了会议。我所张道远研究员做了题为＂极端耐干藓类齿肋赤藓抗逆分子机制及其基因资源开发利用＂的报告发言,介绍了有关耐干藓类快速复苏的组学最新研究进展。

关键词： 石蒜属   栽培技术   问题探讨  

摘要： 综述了石蒜属植物栽培技术和繁殖方法等研究,同时,结合生产实践经验对目前石蒜属植物栽培中存在的问题进行探讨,为更加合理有效地利用石蒜属植物资源提供理论与技术依据。

关键词： 水黄皮   分子标记   基因组   转录组   油脂代谢   盐胁迫  

摘要： 水黄皮Millettia pinnata L.是豆科的一种具有巨大发展潜力的生物柴油能源树种,同时也是一种典型的半红树植物。文中综述了近年来国内外关于水黄皮分子生物学方面的研究进展,重点包括基于分子标记的水黄皮遗传多样性和系统发育研究,基于高通量测序技术的水黄皮基因组和转录组研究,以及水黄皮基因和基因组片段的分离及相关分析;最后还结合当前研究的现状,展望了水黄皮未来研究工作的发展前景。

关键词： Potato common scab   Pathogenicity determinant   Thaxtomin  

摘要： Streptomycetes are spore-forming Gram-positive bacteria found in soil in large numbers world-wide. More than 600 Streptomyces species have been described. The complex developmental morphology and molecular genetics of Streptomyces is connected to production of a wealth of secondary products, including more than 60% of antibiotics in industrial and pharmaceutical use. Streptomycetes have important roles in soil ecology as decomposers, though specific roles in microbial community structure and plant health are poorly understood. Some species are used as biocontrol agents while others have specific associations with potatoes as endophytes, pathogens or as part of plant rhizosphere communities. Very few species are plant pathogenic (ca. 1%), causing common scab disease on underground tubers in potatoes and root diseases in a broad range of host plants. Several unique aspects of Streptomyces as a plant pathogen are that (a) there is a main dominant pathogenicity determinant (thaxtomin);(b) only the developing underground stems, stolons and tubers are susceptible to potato common scab (CS);(c) Streptomyces does not incite a plant defense response;and (d) CS is not easily managed. The best available control is the use of resistant potato cultivars and there is wide variation in resistance (tolerance) among potato cultivars, though none is completely resistant. New molecular genetic tools, including the complete genome sequences of a number of plant pathogenic Streptomyces species and association mapping using the potato genome sequence, promise greater understanding of the genetics of CS tolerance and of regulation of thaxtomin production and contributory pathogenicity factors for better management of potato CS.