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关键词： CARNIVOROUS plants   SUNDEWS   BOTANY   BRAZIL  

摘要： The article discusses research by Paulo Minatel Gonella, reported in the journal 'Phylotaxa,' on the discovery of an insect-eating plant species, Drosera magnifica, which is found in southeastern Brazil and was identified after a photograph of it was posted on the online social network Facebook.

关键词： 流式细胞术   染色体倍性分析   原生质体分选   体内流式细胞术  

摘要： 流式细胞术是一种对细胞基本特性进行快速检测并可根据细胞特性对其进行分类收集的综合性技术。它可以同时定量检测多种物理、生物学参数。目前,该技术已在医药、环保、农业生产、科研等领域广泛应用。作为一种新出现的技术,体内流式细胞术在植物营养、光合产物和代谢产物以及纳米粒子等在植物脉管系统中运输等方面应用前景广阔。在对流式细胞术原理及特点进行介绍的同时,文章对其在植物生物学研究领域及体内流式细胞术的应用进展加以综述。

关键词： 植物生物学   智能手机   实验   教学   移动学习  

摘要： 智能手机以其强大的功能和庞大的用户群正逐渐成为移动学习的主要终端之一。文章介绍了智能手机在本科课程"植物生物学实验"的理论教学、显微摄影和野外实习中的具体运用,并根据实际教学运用首次归纳出基于智能手机进行植物显微摄影的4个主要步骤及5个注意要点。此外,通过问卷调查分析并讨论了当前智能手机在高校本科实验教学实际运用过程中存在的主要问题。

关键词： 固沙植物   根际   土壤微生物   土壤酶活性   土壤肥力   毛乌素沙地  

摘要： 以毛乌素沙地柠条、沙柳、沙蒿、沙地柏4种固沙植物为研究对象,对其根际与非根际土壤微生物数量、酶活性进行研究,并分析其与土壤养分含量的相关性。结果表明:细菌在4种植物根际与非根际土壤微生物群落中均占绝对优势,土壤微生物数量与土壤酶活性均表现出根际聚集现象;4种植物根际与非根际土壤真菌、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶与土壤养分含量均呈显著正相关;根际土壤肥力水平综合得分总体上大于非根际土壤,4种固沙植物根际与非根际土壤肥力水平综合得分表现为:柠条﹥沙柳﹥沙蒿﹥沙地柏。从土壤生物学特性角度考虑,沙区应优先选择柠条作为固沙植物;土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾在评价4种固沙植物根际与非根际土壤肥力中起重要作用,而真菌、碱性磷酸酶是首选的土壤微生物指标和土壤酶指标。

关键词： 生菜   颜色   植物生物学   化合物   研究者   生态学   西班牙   抗氧化  

摘要： 西班牙的植物生物学和生态学研究者对三种不同颜色的生菜进行研究后发现，生菜（莴苣）的颜色（无论是绿色、半红色还是红色）能够决定其抗氧化性能起效的速度。当然，化合物起效的速度不同，并不意味着有些化合物比另一些化合物更好（或更差）。

关键词： 去甲基化   生物学   中科院   植物   逆境   上海   组蛋白乙酰转移酶   机制  

摘要： 据2015年3月3日《中国科学报》报道，中科院上海植物逆境生物学研究中心朱健康课题组发现，拟南芥MBD7和IDM3是阻止基因表达抑制和DNA高度甲基化的抗沉默因子。MBD7结合到CpG高度甲基化的区域，并与其他抗沉默因子包括组蛋白乙酰转移酶IDMI以及理晶状体结构域蛋白IDM2和IDM3形成抗沉默复合体。因此，MBD7通过将3个IDM蛋白招募到甲基化DNA上形成复合体，促使DNA去甲基化酶发挥功能，转而限制DNA高度甲基化并阻止转录水平的基因沉默。这是近年来表观遗传领域的一项重大突破。相关成果在线发表于《分子细胞》杂志。

关键词： 饲料添加剂   植物提取物   中草药   止痢草   抗氧化   抗菌   肠道健康  

摘要： 近年来,天然植物提取物添加剂作为饲料中抗菌抑菌物的首选替代品,成为产业重点研究和开发的饲料添加剂之一。本文综述了天然植物提取物添加剂的种类、生物学功能与使用中存在的问题,为其在动物生产中的推广应用提供科学参考。

关键词： Microbes   Eumycota   plant life   through the lens   Symbiosis   host plants   signals   Fungi   Plant tissue   Biological Science Disciplines  

摘要： Mutualistic mycorrhizal plant-fungal interactions have shaped the evolution of plant life on land. In these intimate associations, fungal hyphae grow invasively within plant tissues. Despite this invasion, these mycorrhizal fungi are not repulsed leading to a great deal of research focused on the signals exchanged between mutualistic fungi and their host plants in an effort to understand how these relationships are established. In this review, we focus on one type of signal used by mutualistic fungi during symbiosis: effector proteins. These small secreted proteins have recently been found to be used by a range of beneficial fungi to alter the physiological status of the plant host such that symbiosis is favoured. We discuss how the role of these novel proteins has altered our vision of how the 'mutualistic' lifestyle evolved in fungi: rather than being perceived as beneficial by their plant hosts, these microbes currently viewed as 'beneficial' may actually be overcoming the defences of their plant hosts in a mechanism originally thought to be unique to pathogenic microbes.

关键词： Auxin carriers   auxin gradients   auxin transport   chemical biology   endomembrane trafficking   phytchormones  

摘要： The establishment and maintenance of controlled auxin gradients within plant tissues are essential for a multitude of developmental processes. Auxin gradient formation is co-ordinated via local biosynthesis and transport. Cell to cell auxin transport is facilitated and precisely regulated by complex endomembrane trafficking mechanisms that target auxin carrier proteins to their final destinations. In turn, auxin and cross-talk with other phytohormones regulate the endomembrane trafficking of auxin carriers. Dissecting such rapid and complicated processes is challenging for classical genetic experiments due to trafficking pathway diversity, gene functional redundancy, and lethality in lossof-function mutants. Many of these difficulties can be bypassed via the use of small molecules to modify or disrupt the function or localization of proteins. Here, we will review examples of the knowledge acquired by the use of such chemical tools in this field, outlining the advantages afforded by chemical biology approaches.

关键词： Autogamy   Breeding system   Cleistogamy   Sporobolus  

摘要： Sporobolus phleoides is an endemic grass of Argentina considered an important genetic resource for saline environments due to its salinity tolerance. Basic information about its reproductive biology is needed to adequately preserve its genetic variability. Hence, we studied its breeding system through phenology, embryological analysis, and self-pollination versus open-pollination treatments in six populations collected from four provinces of Argentina. The results indicated that S. phleoides is mainly autogamous with a high fertility rate. Cleistogamous and chasmogamous spikelets are isomorphic and occur simultaneously on the inflorescence, with higher percentages of cleistogamy found in the basal region of the panicle. The average percentage of cleistogamy during the study period was 23 % for all populations evaluated. The development of the embryo sac follows the typical pattern of grasses and indicates normal sexual reproduction. This study provides the basis for programming genotype collections for gene banks and future plans of domestication.