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关键词： 分子生物学   DNA提取   改进  

摘要： 植物基因组DNA提取是农业院校为本科生开设的分子生物学实验中最基础的一个实验。该实验存在操作步骤繁杂,耗时长,液氮容易引起冻伤等问题,改进后,简化了实验步骤,节约了时间,避免了因学生操作不当引起的液氮冻伤。并指出实验中应注意的问题,以确保实验安全、顺利的进行。

关键词： 植物芳香油   高中生物学实验   优化实验  

摘要： 实验以八角茴香、新鲜玫瑰花瓣、新鲜薄荷、新鲜生姜4种植物材料为对象,探索了高中生物学实验关于植物芳香油提取的实验材料、实验过程和方法。实验结果表明:高中生物学实验中提取植物芳香油的实验材料以八角茴香较为合适;当其用量降低至25 g时采用水蒸气蒸馏法即可观察到明显的实验现象;并且当其用量增加至50 g时即可计算出芳香植物的出油率;经过多次重复实验发现,待无液滴出现作为实验终止加热信号不可行,应以液滴流速明显降低作为实验终止加热的信号。

关键词： Developmental stages   Euchrysops cnejus   Host-plant   Phenology   Relationship   Vigna unguiculata  

摘要： The biology of the gram blue butterfly, Euchrysops cnejus (Fabricius) (Lycaenidae: Lapidoptera) and its relationship with the phenology of host plant cowpea, Vigna unguiculata L. (Fabaceae) were studied. Eggs were reared under the laboratory conditions at 28 ± 2°C and 74 ± 3% RH. The incubation period of the eggs found to be 2.33 ± 0.51 days, larval developmental period 14.65 ± 0.51 days, pre-pupal period 0.30 ± 0.04 day and pupal period 5.66 ± 0.51 days. The species took 22.94 ± 0.55 days for development from egg to adult under the laboratory condition. The length of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae was 3.66 ± 0.40, 6.16 ± 0.51, 12.16 ± 0.51 and 15.33 ± 0.40 mm, respectively. The pre-pupal length was 9.16 ± 0.61 mm and the pupal length was 9.08 ± 0.37 mm. The host-plant occurs in the field from February to July. The butterfly appeared in March. The coincidence of the gram blue butterfly to its host-plant occurred between April and early July. The oviposition behaviour, incubation and immature stages were found to be profoundly related with host plant-phenological phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： Metabolite profiling   Untargeted metabolomics   Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry   Arabidopsis thaliana   Flow cytometry   Multivariate statistical analysis  

摘要： Flow cytometry combined with cell sorting of protoplasts has previously been used successfully for transcript profiling of the Arabidopsis thaliana root. We have developed the technique further, and in this paper we present a robust and reliable method for metabolite profiling in specific cell types isolated from Arabidopsis roots. The method uses a combination of fluorescence-activated cell sorting and gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry analysis. Cortical and endodermal cells from the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing enhancer trap line J0571 were analysed and compared with non-GFP-expressing cells and intact root tissue. Of the metabolites identified, several showed significant differences in concentration between cell types. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to compare metabolite patterns between cell and tissue types, showing that the patterns differed substantially. Isolation of specific cell populations combined with highly sensitive MS-analysis will be a powerful tool for future studies of plant metabolism, and can also be combined with transcript and protein profiling for in-depth analyses of cellular processes.

关键词： 角茴香   古尔班通古特沙漠   群落特性   生物学特性  

摘要： 采用抽样调查的方法对古尔班通古特沙漠南缘的8个角茴香自然群落的群落特征和生物生态学特性进行调查,对其群落特征和花部特征进行初步探究,为进一步对其传粉适应性以及繁育系统特征的研究奠定基础。结果表明：（1）角茴香群落中包含30种植物,隶属于15科28属,单种科、单种属较多。（2）根据群落组成和重要值可将8个角茴香自然群落划分为3个群丛,分别是角茴香＋草地早熟禾＋白茎绢蒿群丛、角茴香＋艾比湖沙拐枣＋白茎绢蒿群丛和角茴香＋白茎绢蒿＋蛇麻黄群丛。（3）角茴香种群、单株、花序和单花的花期分别历时37～40d、14～16d、13～15d和1～2d,单株结籽量700～900粒,种子千粒重（0.291 0±0.002 7）g,单花具有特殊的中裂片结构,具有雄蕊拟态和花粉二次呈现的功能。

关键词： 芳香植物   琉璃苣   生物学特性   栽培管理  

摘要： 琉璃苣为紫草科琉璃苣属1年生草本芳香植物,兼具药用、食用和观赏等多种功能和利用价值。介绍琉璃苣的生物学特性、营养成分、应用价值及其栽培管理技术,以期为生产推广提供参考依据。

关键词： 杨叶甲   生物学特性   植物挥发物   嗅觉行为反应  

摘要： 杨叶甲(Chrysomela populi)是东北地区杨柳科植物的重要害虫。为更好地开展绿色防控,研究了该虫生物学特性及对9种植物的嗅觉行为反应。结果表明,杨叶甲在长春地区1年发生1代,极少数个体在环境条件适宜时可完成2代。杨叶甲以成虫在枯枝落叶层或浅土层内越冬。越冬成虫最早于4月下旬开始陆续出土,并上树取食嫩芽,5月上旬开始产卵,下旬第1代卵陆续孵化,随后幼虫开始取食,6月上旬开始化蛹,中、下旬出现第1代成虫。利用Y形嗅觉仪测定发现未交配和已交配的杨叶甲雌成虫对种植物挥发物均有不同程度趋向性,对杨树和旱柳的选择差异达到显著水平,已交配的雄虫仅对旱柳挥发物味源有明显选择性。

关键词： 红蓼   异型花柱   访花者   繁育系统  

摘要： 本研究发现了红蓼的异型花柱现象,红蓼野外居群存在长柱型花和短柱型花。研究表明长/短柱花型具有精确的交互式异位特征,其花大小,柱头形态,乳突大小,花粉粒数目、大小都表现出两型性(P<0.01)。与长柱型花相比,短柱型花较大,有短且排列紧密的柱头乳突细胞,花药产生较少且大的花粉。长/短柱型花花瓣长度无显著差异(P>0.01)。扫描电镜显示两型花的花粉均具有散孔,孔近似圆形,边缘形状不规则。野外调查发现蓟马、蚂蚁、食蚜蝇为主要访花者。人工授粉,红蓼长/短柱型花自交、型内异交以及型间异交花粉管均萌发,0.5h花粉管已萌发至子房,只有部分花粉管能萌发至子房且沿花柱壁及子房壁生长,说明其受精方式为合点受精。长/短柱型花型内异交座果率分别为14.00%和13.33%,自交座果率分别为4.62%和2.86%,型间异交的座果率分别为43.33%和44.61%,表明红蓼长/短柱型花自交表现出一定的亲和性,但座果率低,仍以异交为主。

关键词： 医学院校   生物技术   植物生物学  

摘要： 针对我校医学生物技术教学实际开展植物生物学选修课,在课程设置、教学内容及方法等方面进行了一系列的探索与实践,取得了较好的教学效果。

关键词： bioenergy   bioinformatics   biomass engineering   biotechnology   photosynthesis   plant development   stress signaling  

摘要： With the tremendous progress of the past decades, molecular plant science is becoming more unified than ever. We now have the exciting opportunity to further connect subdisciplines and understand plants as whole organisms, as will be required to efficiently utilize them in natural and agricultural systems to meet human needs. The subfields of photosynthesis, plant developmental biology and plant stress are used as examples to discuss how plant science can become better integrated. The challenges, strategies and rich opportunities for the integration of the plant sciences are discussed. In recent years, more and more overlap between various subdisciplines has been inadvertently discovered including tradeoffs that may occur in plants engineered for biotechnological applications. Already important, bioinformatics and computational modelling will become even more central to structuring and understanding the ever growing amounts of data. The process of integrating and overlapping fields in plant biology research is advancing, but plant science will benefit from dedicating more effort and urgency to reach across its boundaries.