关键词：
华南钨铌钽矿床
成矿年龄
物理化学条件
摘要：
中国是全球最大的钨资源国,但铌、钽资源严重依赖进口。华南地区是我国钨铌钽矿床的核心富集区,矿床分布以南岭构造带为中心,呈现高度集群化特征。近年来,LA-ICP-MS技术的突破为揭示成矿年代与物理化学条件提供了关键支撑:1) 成矿年龄显示多期叠加特征,反映燕山期岩浆热液活动的阶段性演化。2) 矿物氢氧同位素研究表明流体来源由深部岩浆热液逐步混合大气降水,成矿流体具有多源多阶段特征,黑钨矿Fe/Mn比值环带分析表明,成矿温度从早期高温向晚期低温过渡,流体包裹体研究显示成矿流体成分早期岩浆热液为主,通过氟羟基络合物迁移钨元素,中期流体混合导致盐度下降,Fe/Mn比值分异,晚期大气降水占比增加,形成低盐度富Mn流体。China possesses the world’s largest tungsten resources but remains heavily dependent on imports for niobium and tantalum resources. South China represents the core enrichment region for tungsten-niobium-tantalum deposits in China, with ore deposits exhibiting a highly clustered distribution pattern centered along the Nanling tectonic belt. Recent breakthroughs in LA-ICP-MS technology have provided critical insights into metallogenic chronology and physicochemical conditions: 1) Metallogenic age data reveal multi-stage superposition characteristics, reflecting the episodic evolution of Yanshanian magmatic-hydrothermal activities. 2) Hydrogen and oxygen isotope studies of minerals indicate that ore-forming fluids transitioned from deep magmatic-hydrothermal sources to mixtures with meteoric water, demonstrating a multi-source and multi-stage nature. Wolframite Fe/Mn ratio zonation analysis demonstrates a progressive transition of mineralization temperatures from early high-temperature to late low-temperature conditions. Fluid inclusion studies demonstrate that early-stage ore-forming fluids were dominated by magmatic-hydrothermal components transporting tungsten through fluoride-hydroxyl complexes. Mid-stage fluid mixing induced salinity reduction and Fe/Mn ratio differentiation. During late-stage mineralization, the increasing proportion of meteoric water contributed to the formation of low-salinity Mn-rich fluids.
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中文科技期刊
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