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关键词： Carbonized polymer dots   Nano-bio interaction   Thermodynamics   Luminescence   Mechanism  

摘要： Carbonized polymer dots(CPDs)have been widely applied in biomedical fields,such as imaging,diagnosis and drug *** the complex,non-equilibrated and dynamic nature of biological systems inevitably affect the predesigned properties of CPDs,then efficiency and ultimate outcome of CPDs in biological identity will be transformed by the ubiquitous nano-bio ***,our recent progress about elucidating the behavior of CPDs at nano-bio interface from the perspective of physical chemistry has been summarized in the review,mainly at the bio-macromolecular,cellular membrane and cellular levels,which is crucial for characterize their relative cytotoxicity and clinical ***,we mainly focused on the quantitative relationship of nano-bio interactions between CPDs with biological identity and related thermodynamics parameters during this process is also obtained from advanced isothermal titration calorimetry ***,our recent study about the photoluminescence origin is also included in this review,which favors modulating the photoluminescence of CPDs.

关键词： 物理化学实验   混合模式教学   慕课   虚拟仿真  

摘要： 互联网技术和多媒体技术的快速发展,为物理化学实验教学从传统的线下、课内验证性实验操作到“线下+线上”混合式教学模式的开展提供有力的条件,基于此,本文针对目前物理化学实验教学存在的问题,结合2020年疫情期间线上教学的经验,探讨混合式教学改革在物理化学实验教学中的意义,以期提高实验教学质量。

关键词： 物理化学   新工科   人才培养  

摘要： 物理化学作为一门基础化学课程,在众多高校设置、面向众多新工科专业开设。在当今新工科建设的背景下,作为受众较多的一门课程,物理化学需在教学各方面做出积极改革,从而满足新工科人才培养的需要。文章中,作者提出从筛选教学内容、变换教学形式、挖掘思政元素和利用综合课题四个方面去构建契合新工科专业的物理化学课程,以便在教学过程中培养学生的工程意识、创新意识、人文意识和跨界整合意识,有助于实现新工科人才培养的目标。

关键词： Silica   Sodium ion battery   Poly(ethylene) separator   Wettability   Thermal stability   Electrochemical performance  

摘要： Sodium ion batteries (NIBs) provide significant advantages for large-scale energy conversion and storage devices. NIBs are extensively investigated because of the global abundance of Na resources. The Na ion is similar to the Li ion;however, the conventional poly(ethylene) (PE) separator used in Li ion batteries is unsuitable for NIBs because of its extremely poor wettability by the Na+ electrolyte and its high thermal shrinkage. These properties can cause severe safety issues at elevated temperatures, as well as poor ionic conductivities. Therefore, the PE separator needs modification for use in high-performance NIBs. Here, we propose a unique nano-SiO2 impregnation method that preserves the thickness of the separator to ensure a high volumetric energy density. Silica matrices are incorporated into the PE separator through a simple chemical modification that includes embedding the hydroxyl group by benzoyl peroxide treatment, followed by Si-O condensation to introduce 3-(trimethyloxysilyl)propyl methacrylate auxiliaries. These steps allow the introduction of multiple Si-O functional groups onto the PE backbone through chemical reactions with tetraorthosilicate. The proposed separator exhibits high wettability and ionic conductivity while maintaining the initial separator thickness. The nano-SiO2 -impregnated PE has significantly improved thermal stability and high dimensional stability even at an elevated temperature of 140 degrees C. Na full-cell systems, consisting of Na0.9Li0.05Ni0.25Fe0.25Mn0.5O2 and hard carbon electrodes, exhibit considerably increased cycle lives and rate capabilities when fabricated with this nano-SiO2-impregnated PE separator.

关键词： Biodiesel   Physicochemical properties   Biodiesel Ranking   Engine emission   Engine performance  

摘要： Diminishing oil reserve, escalating energy dependence, and the environmental impact of fossil fuel utilization has led to research on renewable energy resources with a cleaner carbon footprint. Biofuel, especially biodiesel, has become a feasible substitute for petroleum diesel as it can be directly used in existing transport infrastructure without significant alteration. This paper starts by discussing some critical physicochemical properties and their effect on engine performance and emission. The research then proposes a ranking scheme to select the most suitable biodiesel based on six vital physicochemical properties: density, viscosity, heating value, flash point, cetane number and oxidation stability. The solution developed is independent of supervision, contrary to popular learning algorithms and can operate on the only intelligence whether an attribute is favourable by its higher/lower values. The novelty of the work consists in ensuring that the rarer properties pick up the greater weights and in establishing a simple ranker based on descriptive statistics. This scheme first generates transactions against each biodiesel which helps in association rule mining, which is later used to score/rank the biodiesels. The three phases and their subordinate sub-steps have been carried out using the platforms: Python, R and Tableau, respectively. The study endorses Brassica juncea, Cardoon (Cynara cardunculu), and poppyseed oil as the most desirable biodiesel feedstocks. On the other hand, cedar, castor and hiptage were ranked as least desirable in the list of 71 feedstocks based on the proposed ranking scheme. The proposed ranking scheme will help decision-makers such to analyze and obtain tailored biodiesel feedstock for their purposes.

关键词： 烟熏壁画   数字化复原   机器学习   物理化学   模拟实验  

摘要： 烟熏病害是敦煌壁画的典型病害之一,具有颜色破坏大、修复难度高、相关研究少等难点,实体修复对烟熏病害尚没有有效的复原手段。针对敦煌壁画所面临的烟熏病害,以莫高窟第156窟北壁烟熏壁画作为典型研究对象,从数字化复原和物理化学分析的角度出发,利用两次烟熏模拟实验,探究了颜料在烟熏条件下产生的变化规律,收集了颜色在烟熏过程中变化的数据集,提出了基于机器学习的烟熏壁画数字化复原方法。本研究创新性地采用了基于模拟实验的数字化色彩复原研究方法,取得了珍贵的烟熏壁画数据样本,相关数字化研究成果可以应用在烟熏类壁画的数字化色彩复原中,将烟熏前的颜色展现给社会大众。

关键词： 物理化学   课程思政   思政元素   综合育人  

摘要： 为实现我国高等教育全面育人、综合育人的人才培养目标,文章阐述了课程思政与专业课程相结合的必要性。针对物理化学教学中思政元素融入存在的问题,围绕着“科学家生平事迹及热点问题”、“定律推演过程”“共性规律归纳”、“应用实践”等切入点对思政元素进行挖掘,并对实施方式进行了探索,旨在充分发挥专业课程的育人功能,使学生在学习专业知识的同时提高思想道德水平,获得正确的价值引导。

关键词： 物理化学   界面改善   接触角   黏附功  

摘要： 根据表面与界面化学的相关原理,采用DCAT21型动态接触角/表面张力仪测量了常用键合剂、RDX、HTPB在不同探针液体中的接触角,通过接触角计算键合剂、RDX、HTPB的表面自由能及其分量。并计算了键合剂-RDX、键合剂-HTPB界面之间的黏附功。通过扫描电镜观察添加不同键合剂后RDX与HTPB的黏接状态。由黏附功数据和扫描电镜的观察结果可以得出结论:键合剂LBA603对RDX-HTPB界面的改善作用最好。

关键词： 物理化学   课程思政   电化学   锂离子电池   诺贝尔奖  

摘要： 高等教育要坚持以立德树人为基本准则,把德育融入课堂教学,因此加强课程思政教育应作为课程目标的首要任务。物理化学作为大学化学中一门极其重要的基础课,深度挖掘该课程的思想政治教育元素,把基础教育与人文素养相结合,培养全方位的高素质人才。本文以荣获2019年诺贝尔化学奖的锂离子电池为例,从电池结构、工作原理到电池性能等多个方面引申出电化学的一些基本原理和共同规律,从而将晦涩的书本知识明朗化,培养学生理论联系实际,并应用于解决实际问题的综合能力。同时给学生引出诺贝尔奖获得者背后的故事,树立人生的榜样;了解国内锂离子电池行业的迅猛发展,弘扬民族自强不息的奋斗精神,树立民族自信心,激起爱国之情;认识到锂离子电池行业存在的挑战,确定未来的奋斗目标,指明前进的方向,化爱国之情为报国之行!

关键词： 物理化学   还原型锡酸铅   粒度   Al/HMX/CMDB   燃烧性能   安定性  

摘要： 为研究还原型锡酸铅粒度对Al/HMX/CMDB推进剂燃烧性能及安定性的影响,采用干筛法筛选6种不同粒度的还原型锡酸铅,制备了含不同粒度还原型锡酸铅体系的推进剂;通过燃速靶线试验、甲基紫试验与热加速老化试验得到推进剂的燃速、压强指数、甲基紫变色时间和贮存寿命。结果表明,随还原型锡酸铅粒径由7.0μm减至2.5μm,Pb^(2+)及SnO_(2)的催化活性逐渐增大,活化中心愈多,该体系推进剂在15~20MPa范围内的燃速逐渐增加,压强指数由0.30减至0.17;同时还原型锡酸铅粒度的减小加速了该体系推进剂的自催化作用,造成其安定性下降,当还原型锡酸铅的粒径为2.5~3.5μm时,推进剂的安定性显著降低。