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关键词： Resveratrol   solid dispersion   orthogonal array experimental design   dissolution behavior   oral absorption  

摘要： Although resveratrol (RES) possesses potentially attractive activities, it has poor oral bioavailability due to its poor solubility. Solid dispersion (SD) is an efficient strategy to address the restricted dissolution rate and poor bioavailability of compounds that have poor water solubility. In this study, resveratrol solid dispersion (RES-SD) was prepared with mixture carriers through the melt method and optimized by an orthogonal array experimental design. The physicochemical properties and oral absorption of RES-SD formulations in vivo were measured. Analyses indicated that RES was dispersed in the optimal RES-SD formulation in the form of amorphous molecularly dispersed particles;as a result, the optimal SD exhibited a more than 80-fold increase in solubility and the dissolution rate was significantly improved relative to RES. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic studies in mice indicated that the optimal RES-SD formulation exhibited significantly improved RES oral bioavailability. Based on these findings, RES-SD developed through melt method was suitable for industrial production and avoid solvent remained. Moreover, the RES-SD with PEG6000 and F68 appears to be a promising approach to enhance the dissolution, bioavailability of RES.

关键词： starch   leguminous   green bean   polymer   functional properties  

摘要： The rising search for new starch sources stimulated the interest in several non-conventional raw materials lately. In the present study, starch from unripe (green) Lablab purpureus L. bean was isolated and characterized for morphological, pasting, thermal, and physicochemical properties in order to determine its potential end-use. The chemical composition of the mangalo bean starch was 9.37% of moisture, 0.18% of ashes, 0.09% of lipids, 0.007% of phosphorus, and 45.32% of apparent amylose content. X-ray diffraction confirmed the C-type crystallinity pattern of this starch, typical of leguminous plants. Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis indicated that the isolated starch withstood high temperatures. The starch displayed high tendency to retrogradation and resistance to gelatinization. The high amylose content and the water absorption capacity suggest the use of this starch in the production of biodegradable films, preparation of syrups with high glycose content, as well as its incorporation into cooked and canned products.

关键词： Cyanopyridine   MP2   Solvent Effect   Vibrational Scale Factor   Reaction Mechanism   Molecular docking  

摘要： A convenient and efficient one-pot three-component reaction of acetyl acetone, malononitrile and ammonium acetate was investigated for the synthesis of 3-cyano-4,6-dimethyl-2-pyridone (PI) and 2-amino-3-cyano-4,6-dimethylpyridine (PII). The products were achieved with high purity, high yields and short reaction time. The yields of the two products depend on the concentration of ammonium acetate, reaction time and the solvent used. The structures of the isolated products were confirmed by elemental analysis and spectral data, supported by quantum chemical (MP2) calculations, both in gas phase and solvents (water and ethanol), that were also employed to track the reaction mechanisms and model vibrational spectral properties for final characterization and interpretation of spectral data. A remarkable matching between theoretical predictions and experiments was attained both for the geometrical parameters, as compared to X-Ray data available in the literature, and for vibrational frequencies, leading to a correlation coefficient (R-2) of 0.99. Molecular docking was further studied to predict the docking binding energy of the synthesized compounds with the target proteins. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 物理化学实验   中药学专业   实验教学改革  

摘要： 物理化学实验是中药学类专业的必修课之一,在中药学类专业基础实验课程中占有非常重要的地位.针对中医药类专业物理化学实验教学现状,本文主要从实验教学项目的中医药化等方面提出了一系列有效的改革措施.实践证明,本次物理化学实验教学改革,提供了实验教学的新思路,充分调动了学生的学习积极性,取得了良好的教学效果.

关键词： Wild   Cherry tomato   VOCs   Volatilomic   Physicochemical parameters   Antioxidants  

摘要： Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most commercialized and studied fruit due to its nutritional contribution to human diet. Compared to other taxa of agricultural interest, tomato has a relatively high genetic variation, withholding a significant amount of diversity in its wild accessions. One of the most valued cultivars is known as "cherry type". Cherry excels in flavor and aroma traits as compared to commercial cultivars. We compared 10 wild cherry tomato accessions based on their sensorial and chemical characteristics to determine ideal mating partners that will increase crop benefits. Accessions were rated as important based on high levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) both carotenoid-derived and phenylpropanoids, high rating in a sensory profile, high concentrations of lycopene, beta-carotene and ideal physicochemical parameters (i.e., total acidity, vitamin C, pH, soluble solids, and color). Significant differences between accessions were evident. Non-red tomato fruits are not ideal partners because they do not have superior physicochemical parameters. Furthermore, low sensory profile scores and absence of VOCs are associated with flavor of non-red tomatoes. In conclusion, LA1480, IAC1624 and IAC401 accessions are the most promising for future breeding. We propose promising material of wild cherry tomato fruits based on commercial interest, taste, aroma, VOCs, and nutritional requirements to have the fruit regarded as a functional food.

关键词： Cookies   Physicochemical   Sensory evaluation   Strobilanthes crispus  

摘要： Purpose Over the past decades, there has been a rising trend in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors in Malaysia. Consequently, functional food is gaining interest amongst health-conscious consumers. This study aimed to evaluate the functional potential of cookie enhanced with Strobilanthes crispus (SC) and to evaluate its physicochemical and organoleptic properties. Design/methodology/approach Sensory evaluation was carried out using nine-point hedonic and line scales and the ranking test amongst consumer panels (n = 150) to evaluate control, 2, 4 and 6% SC cookies. Preferred formulation and control cookies were then subjected to chemical (moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrate, calcium, sodium and potassium contents) and physical (texture profile and water activity [Aw]) analyses. Findings There was no significant difference (p < 0.05) in terms of overall acceptability and ranking scores between control and 2% SC cookies upon gender discrimination. Results indicated that incorporation of 2% SC into cookie caused significant enhancement (p < 0.05) of moisture, fat, ash, calcium and potassium contents but did not cause a significant effect on hardness, although loss of crispiness was observed after two weeks of storage at room temperature. This study showed that the 2% SC cookie did not diminish consumers' acceptance while increasing potassium content. Most notably, it can be declared as a source of calcium. Originality/value This original research features the incorporation of medicinal plant SC in the development of novel functional cookie and the results constitute unique findings pertaining to its nutritional contents. Remarkably, the findings of this research have contributed knowledge to existing literature as well as benefits food manufacturers in creating nutritious functional cookie to better meet the needs and expectations of consumers, healthcare providers, governmental organisations and consumer advocacy groups while main

关键词： Oleogels   Carboxylated carbon nanotubes   Antimicrobial drug   Oleogelators  

摘要： Oleogels have attracted considerable attention as a matrix for the delivery of the varied range of pharmaceutical agents. In the present study, we have prepared oleogel systems based on shea butter (SB) (oleogelator) and wheat-germ oil (WGO) (liquid phase). Carboxylated carbon nanotubes (cCNTs) were incorporated within the oleogels in different proportions (1-20 mg) as the crystallization modifier of SB. The oleogels were characterized using various techniques such as microscopy, IR-spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal studies (gelation kinetics, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)), and rheology. The crystallized SB/WGO oleogels assumed dark and black hue with the incorporation of the cCNTs. Microscopic imaging of the oleogels showed that an increment in the content of cCNTs promoted the agglomeration of the gelator crystals. The changes in the molecular interactions among the oleogel components were too weak to be detected by FTIR spectroscopy owing to the very low concentration of cCNTs. X-ray diffractograms revealed that SB in the oleogels was crystallized in its most stable beta-polymorphic form. The crystallinity of the oleogel formulation SW4 (cCNTs;10 mg) was observed to be the highest among all the formulations. Gelation kinetics confirmed that the cCNTs modified the crystallization kinetics of the oleogels in a composition-dependent manner. The thermograms correlated well with the XRD observations and demonstrated that SB in all the oleogels was predominantly crystallized in its beta-polymorphic form. Moreover, the thermal stability of SW4 oleogel was observed to be the highest, which can be accounted to the presence of the large crystallite size of SB crystals. Rheological studies demonstrated that cCNTs increased the brittle nature of the cCNT-loaded oleogels. The in vitro release studies of the Ciprofloxacin HCl-loaded oleogels exhibited Fickian diffusion-mediated drug release. In summary, cCNTs exhibit the great potential to be utilized as an a

关键词： Brackish water   Citizen science   Mark-recapture   Oxygen level   Salinity tolerance   Temperature  

摘要： Anadromous sub-populations of stenohaline freshwater fish are vastly understudied in the estuarine environment. The purpose of the present study was therefore to study the population ecology, growth rate, and physicochemical environment of an anadromous sub-population of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) from the western Baltic Sea. Fish (301) were marked with external identification tags, and anglers and fishermen reported recaptures in a citizen science set-up over three years. In addition, scale samples were collected for population growth rate determination. Furthermore, water temperature, salinity, and oxygen concentration were monitored in the area. The fish showed a consistent annual migration pattern over the three years residing in a bay during summer while being in a delta during autumn, winter, and spring. The population had a high growth rate, but a meta-analysis showed that growth of European perch is not distinctly different between estuarine and freshwater populations. The average salinity measured in the area was around 10, but increased on multiple occasions to salinity levels known for being physiologically challenging for European perch. We argue that high growth rates of estuarine European perch is more likely due to high food availability and low interspecific competition in this environment, rather than due to physiologically optimal salinities. Furthermore, the European perch in the present study lived on the edge of the species salinity tolerance, and the migration into the delta during winter is likely a combination of avoiding high salinities at low temperatures and a spawning migration. These results are important knowledge for the management of estuaries and coastal areas, especially as climate change is locally altering these environments drastically, and calls for further studies on other anadromous sub-populations of stenohaline freshwater fish.

关键词： Calcium biofortification   Calcium accumulation in Rocha pears   Fruit quality   Pyrus communis L. var. Rocha  

摘要： Low dietary intake of Ca in humans has been epidemiologically linked to various diseases, which can have serious health consequences over time. Accordingly, the development of an agronomic itinerary for Ca biofortification of Rocha pears and the assessment of physicochemical deviations prompted this study. Two orchards with contrasting soil and water characteristics were selected, characterized through orthophotomaping and, during fruits development, leaves were sprayed twice with Ca(NO3)(2) (0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 kg ha(-1)) or CaCl2 (0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 kg ha(-1)), followed by pulverization only with CaCl2 (first once with 4 kg ha(-1) and then four times with 8 kg ha(-1)). During fruits development net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates, instantaneous and water use efficiency, only showed minor deviations, which indicated that the threshold of toxicity was not surpassed. Calcium contents varied during fruits development and at harvesting the average biofortification index varied between 47 %-63 % and 24 %-59 % in each of the orchards. Besides, the equatorial region of the fruits showed for all treatments (substantially in Ca treated samples) higher Ca contents in the epidermal and in the central regions. Fresh and heat-treated fruits (in a thermomix at 90 degrees C, during 10 min) biofortified with Ca only revealed minor differences and the sensory acceptability did not vary markedly. It is concluded that, although prevailing a heterogeneous distribution of Ca in fruit tissues, high indexes of biofortification in Rocha pears can be prompt in the orchards, without substantial physicochemical changes. Accordingly, agronomic biofortification with Ca can be used as a strategy for benefiting consumer's health.

关键词： Nanoparticle synthesis   Aromatic biopolymer   Lignin biorefinery   Biomass valorization   Sustainable waste management  

摘要： The production of lignin micro-/nano-particles (LMNPs) has gained growing interest due to their eco-friendly feature and biological compatibility with negligible hazardous impacts. Herein, this work carefully addresses the preparation of LMNPs from different types of biomass, including pine wood, birch wood, pubescens, vinasse, corncob and corncob residue. Firstly, ligno-oligomers were produced from each biomass through a H2O-THF co solvent system. Then, LMNPs were generated from these effluents. Uniform and spherical LMNPs, consisting of benzene ring-stacked cores and hydrophilic shells, were obtained only from the liquids yielded by the treatment of the corncob residue and pine wood. The characterization of the ligno-oligomers and the LMNPs revealed that the molecular weights of the ligno-oligomers did not exert a significant effect on their self-assembly capability. The presence of guaiacyl units connected by beta-O-4 and beta-beta linkages was beneficial for the pi-pi stacking of the benzene rings into compact cores, while the existence of beta-5 linkages and C alpha-oxidized side-chains exerted a negative effect. Stable and spherical LMNPs with an appropriate negative zeta potential and a relatively high thermal stability were obtained from the corncob residue and pine wood, which can serve as functional materials in various application areas.