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关键词： 物理化学实验   创新能力   教学改革  

摘要： 基础教育新课程改革倡导要关注学生的发展,在进行学生的教学过程中,老师要充分发挥学生的主观能动性。但是在传统的物理化学实验教学过程中,往往忽略了学生在学习中的主体地位。在网络信息快速发展的情况下,传统的物理化学实验教学方式已难以适应这种发展趋势,因此,需要进行物理化学实验教学改革,让教师更好地教,学生更好地学。

关键词： 线上教学   物理化学   实践   思考  

摘要： 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下,全国高校"停课不停教,停课不停学",线上教学成为大家的共同选择。以华中师范大学化学学院的"物理化学"教学为例,介绍了教学材料的准备、上课方式的选择、教学过程的演进以及对线上教学的思考。通过大半学期的实施,充分发挥了信息化的优势和教师"导"、学生"学"的作用,师生共同构建了物理化学线上教学课堂。结合对学生的调研,总结了线上教学存在的问题和思考,为相关教学的开展提供借鉴。

关键词： “物理化学”   “液体的表面现象”   教学设计  

摘要： "物理化学"中"液体的表面现象"在药学领域应用广泛。为了使药学专业的学生更扎实地掌握该知识点,从新课导入、新课教学以及新课巩固3个环节重新进行教学设计,以"提出问题-分析和解决问题-知识拓展和延伸"为主线,采用讲授式、启发式、讨论式和实验探究式等相结合的多元化教学方法,突出以"教师为主导,学生为主体"的思想,注重学生的思维引导和能力培养,充分调动学生的主动性和积极性,让学生在轻松愉快的氛围中进行知识的探究,极大地提升了教学效果。

关键词： 物理化学   仪器研制   教学改革  

摘要： 仪器是实验教学的重要工具,同济大学化学实验教学中心在课程建设中把教学仪器的改造也作为教学改革的一项重要内容。以物理化学实验课程为背景,结合诸多实际教学案例,介绍了现有教学仪器在设计理念上的缺陷、用于教学时所暴露出的问题,以及实验中心针对这些问题进行仪器改造的思路和方法,总结了新的仪器在丰富实验手段、拓展实验教学内容、提高教学效率、培养学生创新实践能力方面取得的成效。

关键词： 物理化学   BiFeO_(3)/rGO纳米复合材料   石墨烯   高氯酸铵   催化   热分解  

摘要： 为了提高纳米复合金属氧化物对高氯酸铵(AP)热分解的催化作用,以Bi(NO_(3))_(3)·5H_(2)O、Fe(NO_(3))_(3)·9H_(2)O和GO为前驱体,采用水热法制备了铁酸铋/石墨烯(BiFeO_(3)/rGO)纳米复合材料;利用XRD、FT-IR、XPS、TGA、SEM和TEM等对所制备样品的结构、粒径及形貌进行了表征;采用差热分析研究了不同添加量的BiFeO_(3)/rGO纳米复合材料对AP热分解过程的影响,分析了BiFeO_(3)/rGO对AP热分解的催化机理及其对AP热分解动力学的影响。结果表明,rGO的引入有效阻止了纳米BiFeO_(3)颗粒的团聚,大大增加了比表面积;当BiFeO_(3)/rGO纳米复合材料的质量分数为4%时,AP的高温分解峰降低最多,达167℃,表观分解热增加了1631J/g,达2518J/g,表观活化能从172.07kJ/mol降低至128.35kJ/mol,表明所制备的BiFeO_(3)/rGO纳米复合材料能有效催化AP的热分解。

关键词： Ionic liquids   Coal   Dissolved filtrate   Neural network-like structure   Functional groups   Radial distribution function  

摘要： Interactions between three types of novel sodium salicylate (NaSal)-imidazole ionic liquids (ILs) and coal were studied at the macro, micro, and micro levels. The experimental results show that the three synthetic ILs effectively dissolved coal and reduced the coal particle size, whereby IL 3 had the strongest ability to dissolve coal and the particle size ofmost coal samples obtained by dissolution was <10 mu m. IL 3 finally adsorbed the small particles of dissolved coal in the form of a neural network-like structure, which had a high fluidity andwas conducive to displacement, while the other two ILs involved sedimentation stacking. The treatment of coal sampleswith the ILs effectively destroyed the hydrogen bonds between the coal molecules, reduced the oxygen content of coal, improved the calorific value, and increased the efficiency of coal conversion. The simulation results show that among the three synthetic ILs, theradial distribution function (RDF) of water molecules in the interaction between IL3 and coal was the smallest, with a first peak value of 64.70. The RDF of the coal molecules was the largest, with the first peak value of 13.67. These findings reveal that IL 3 had the most powerful interaction function with coal;it decreased thewatermolecular cohesion energy, enhanced the wettability of solution, strengthened the solution activity, increased the coal molecular cohesion energy, and had the best contact reaction with coal. Thus, we provide a feasible method and theoretical guidance for improving coal production efficiency and safety. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Smelting reduction   CO2 gasification   Charcoal   Thermal coal   Carbon black   Reactivity  

摘要： HIsarna ironmaking process is one of the emerging technologies being developed to mitigate the increasing carbon footprint from the steel making industry. This innovative process offers flexibility with the type of reductants used in the smelting reduction vessel for the conversion of iron ore to liquid hot metal. Natural gas is well known for being a relatively clean fossil fuel producing carbon black and hydrogen when it undergoes thermal decomposition. The gasification reactivity of carbon black compared to the carbonaceous materials used in HIsarna process is investigated in this work using isothermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) method at 1250 degrees C, 1350C and 1450 degrees C under atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, physical-chemical characteristics of the individual carbonaceous materials, which may influence the reactivity, are evaluated systematically. The experimental results show that carbon black is the least reactive followed by thermal coal and charcoal. It was found that the effect of the morphology of the carbonaceous materials on the reactivity is dominant compared to the surface area of the materials. In addition, the reactivity increases with the alkali index (AI) and the level of the amorphousness of the material's structure. Three well-known kinetic models, i.e. the volumetric model (VM), the grain model (GM) and the random pore model (RPM) were applied to predict the gasification behaviour of the three carbonaceous materials. The random pore model best describes the gasification reaction of the selected samples due to the influence of the pore diffusion on the reaction. It is observed that the activation energy of the samples are not following the order of reactivity, this can be explained by the kinetic compensation effect.

关键词： 金属   异质结纳米材料   合成   催化性能   综合创新性实验  

摘要： 基于金/金钯异质结纳米棒合成及其催化性能而开设物理化学的设计性实验,成功合成金/金钯异质结纳米棒并用于降解4-硝基苯酚。本实验将基础知识与科学前沿相结合,通过查阅文献、制定实验方案、处理和分析实验数据、撰写实验报告、制作和演讲PPT等,培养学生的学习能力、思考力、执行力、创新意识和科学精神。

关键词： 物理化学实验   蒙药学   教学改革  

摘要： 针对内蒙古医科大学蒙药学专业物理化学实验课程目前教学中存在的问题进行分析,以创新能力为导向,通过优化实验教学内容、创新实验教学方法和改进数据处理方式对物理化学实验课程进行教学改革,从而增强学生分析问题和解决实际问题的能力,提高学生对该课程学习的积极性和主动性,为少数民族地区医药院校培养创新性人才提供借鉴依据。

关键词： Pyrolysis   Isoconversional analysis   Characterization   Water hyacinth   Yellow oleander   Sugarcane bagasse  

摘要： This paper reports physico-chemical characterization and kinetic analyses of three biomass, viz. invasive species of water hyacinth (WH), yellow oleander (TP), and industrial byproduct of sugar cane bagasse (SCB) to assess their potential as feedstock for pyrolysis. Extensive physico-chemical characterization of biomass with standard techniques was carried out. Four isoconversional methods, viz. Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Friedman, Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW), and advanced Vyazovkin_AIC were used to determine the kinetics triplets of thermal conversion at three heating rates 10, 30 and 40 degrees C min(-1). A high crystallinity index was detected in SCB (42.25%), followed by WH (38.43%), and TP (32.46%). The higher heating values of the feedstock were in the range of 15-21 MJ kg(-1). The activation energies for WH, TP and SCB determined using the four isoconversional methods were in the range of 187.74-329.71, 182.28-389.24, and 193.45-293.49 kJ mol(-1), respectively. All biomass showed dual reaction mechanism of thermal conversion. For WH and TP the prevalent mechanisms were three-dimensional diffusion (D3) for alpha <= 0.6 and 3rd-order reaction (F3) for alpha >= 0.6, and 2nd/3rd ordered reaction (F2/F3) for alpha <= 0.6. The characterization and kinetic analysis of all biomass essentially demonstrates their potential as feedstock for pyrolysis.