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关键词： Lipid   PSE-like chicken meat   Protein conformation   Gel properties   Microstructure  

摘要： The objective of this study was to determine effects of lipids on the physicochemical properties and microstructure of pale, soft and exudative (PSE)-like chicken gel. The PSE-like chicken meat gels prepared with lipid possessed higher lightness, whiteness, water-holding capacity but lower hardness, gumminess and chewiness, compared to the gels prepared without lipid. The secondary structure analysis showed that PSE-like meat gels presented increased beta-sheet content after adding sunflower oil and peanut oil. Furthermore, the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results suggested that lard significantly increased the water holding capacity of PSElike meat gels (P < 0.05), and the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) results revealed an increase of matrix disorganization and some loss of spongy appearance among the meat gels with the addition of lipids. Sensory evaluation indicated that PSE-like meat gels with lipids had no difference in flavor, springiness and chewiness, but color was more intense and texture was softer compared with meat gels without lipid. Overall, these results suggested that lipid addition improves the functionality of PSE-like chicken meats and increase the economic benefits for the poultry industry.

关键词： Linoleic acid  

摘要： In this study, physicochemical characteristics, phytochemical compositions, and antioxidant activities of Pinus halepensis Mill. seed oils (PHSO) from two geographical origins (Algeria and Turkey) and obtained through two different extraction processes (cold pressing and solvent extraction) were determined. PHSO were majorly consisted of linoleic and oleic acids. Cold pressing yielded oils with lower peroxide and totox values, higher tocopherols contents (309.42-318.04 mg/100 g), higher DPPH-radical scavenging activities (25.33-26.94 mM TE/kg), and reducing capacity values (301.30-329.94 mg GAE/kg). The solvent-extracted oils contained more phytosterols (5,683.25-5,964.20 mg/kg), particularly beta-sitosterol and campesterol. Phenolic compounds of PHSO were identified by HPLC-DAD for the first time in this study. More phenolic compounds were detected in solvent-extracted oils. Turkish PHSO were richer in individual phenolics (18,928.92 mu g/100 g) than the Algerian variety (2,821.01 mu g/100 g). Different extraction techniques and geographical origins led to differences in physicochemical and phytochemical attributes of PHSO. Novelty impact statement This study revealed that extraction technique (cold-pressing, solvent extraction) and geographical seed origin (Algeria, Turkey) influenced the Pinus halepensis Mill. seed oils (PHSO) composition. PHSO are rich in fatty acids, sterols, and tocopherols majorly linoleic acid, gamma-tocopherol, and beta-sitosterol which were detected for first time for the cold pressed oils. This is the first report on phenolics compounds of these oils, mainly luteolin. The high oxidative stability and good antioxidant activities of PHSO promote their exploitation in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals uses.

关键词： Colostrum   Himachali Pahari   Immunoglobulin (IgG)   Principal component analysis (PCA)   Analysis of variance (ANOVA)  

摘要： A chemometric study was conducted to know the geographical region-wise changes in the colostrum physicochemical and immunological properties of recently registered "Himachali Pahari" cow breed in India. The colostrum samples were collected within 72 h of parturition from two zones (high and low altitudes) comprising of four districts each and having different climatic conditions. Colostrum samples were assessed for physicochemical and immunological (IgG) components along with inter- (high and low altitudes) and intra-zonal (within districts) variations. Obtained results were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the inter-zone, significant variation (p <= 0.05) was observed in the total solids, protein, fat, ash, lactose, percentage scavenging activity, IgG, and minerals (Mg, K, Fe, P, Cu) contents. On the other hand, total solids, fat, ash, titratable acidity, scavenging activity, IgG, and minerals (Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Cu) contents were found significant in the intrazone. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed the diminution of 16 variables into 3 principal components (PC1, PC2, and PC3) having 62.62%, 14.57%, and 8.27% of the variance, respectively.

关键词： agroforestry   banana yield   cocoa   organic   soil properties   sustainability  

摘要： The success of sustainable Theobroma cacao (cocoa) production depends on the physical and chemical properties of the soils on which they are established but these are possibly moderated by the management approach that farmers adopt. We assessed and compared soil physico-chemical properties of young, mature and old organic and conventional cocoa agroforestry systems at two depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm) and evaluated the production of cocoa pods, banana and plantain in the two farm types. Cocoa farms under organic management had 20, 81, 88 and 323% higher stocks of soil organic carbon, P, Mn and Cu, respectively, compared to those under conventional management. Higher soil moisture content, electrical conductivity and pH were found on organic systems than the conventional farms. Annual cocoa pod production per tree was similar in both cocoa systems (Org. 10.1 +/- 1.1 vs Con. 10.1 +/- 0.6 pods per tree). The annual production of banana and plantain was higher on organic farms (186.3 +/- 34.70 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)) than conventional systems (31.6 +/- 9.58 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)). We concluded that organic management of cocoa agroforestry systems result in soils with the greater overall quality for cocoa production than conventional management and it increases the yield of co-products. Studies focusing on the impact of organic management on cocoa agroforestry systems at the landscape and regional scales are urgently needed to further deepen our understanding and support policy.

关键词： Antimicrobial agents   fish and fish products   omega-3 fatty acids   sensory analysis  

摘要： The suitability ofMugil lizafor cold smoking was evaluated and the effect of four different salting treatments on physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics was assessed. The addition of sucrose (3%) and acetic acid (0.5%) to the brine lead to fillet dehydration with lower NaCl penetration, combined with higher reduction of pH. Brining at refrigerated temperature (5 +/- 1 celcius) instead of room temperature (16 +/- 2 celcius) was more effective in preventing microbial growth. Loads of bacterial groups assessed in all smoked samples were below 100 CFU/g and the a(w), moisture, NaCl, and pH values achieved were within the typical stability range of smoked fish products. The obtained products were characterized by thesmoked aromaandsalty taste, differing in 7 of the 21 evaluated descriptors. The use of acetic acid in brine formulation showed an effect over color and texture descriptors. The affective test indicated the overall acceptability of products, being preferred the samples treated in the lowest NaCl concentration (5%).

关键词： Pectinase enzyme   Apricot pulp   Clarification process   Optimization (RSM)  

摘要： The investigation aimed at optimizing the process conditions for the enzymatic extraction of apricot juice from Halman variety with pectinase enzyme. The study was conducted at different enzyme concentrations (0.2-1%), temperature (25-50 degrees C) and time duration (5-375 min). The effects of the enzymatic treatments on selected responses (juice yield, juice clarity, juice turbidity, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, color index and pectin content) were determined employing a single factor experiment and response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite rotatable statistical design (CCRD). The treatment effectively hydrolyzed polysaccharides, resulting in increased juice yield, total dissolved solids and juice lightness. The maximum juice recovery (73.06%), total soluble solids (12.9 degrees Brix), clarity (94.76%) and lightness (L*) value (42.85) while minimum turbidity (3.95 NTU) and pectin content (0.59%), were obtained when enzyme treatment was set up with 0.9% w/w enzyme concentration at 44 degrees C and 300 min. The derived optimum conditions were used for the production of apricot juice of desirable quality in terms of physicochemical and antioxidant properties. Moreover, enzymatic process offers a number of advantages over mechanical-thermal comminution and thus, finds tremendous applications in modern fruit processing industries involving treatment of fruit masses. The process not only facilitates easy pressing and increase in juice recovery but also ensures the highest possible quality of end products.

关键词： Meso-tetraphenylporphyrinato-chromium(III)   Photochemical   Oxidative degradation   Calmagite  

摘要： The design of metalloporphyrins has attracted the attention of scientists owing to their valuable properties. In this work, the synthesis of meso-tetraphenyl porphyrin H2TPP (I), meso-tetraphenylporphyrinato-chromium(III) complex [CrIII(TPP)Cl] (II), and bis(cyano) meso-tetraphenylporphyrinato-chromium(III) complex [K(2 2 2)] [CrIII(TPP)(CN)2] 2.(C7H6O2) (III) was described. The physicochemical properties of (ll)-(IIII) were investigated. X-ray molecular structure of (III) displayed that the crystal lattice of the six-coordinated chromium (III) coordination compound, was made by two-dimensional chain pairs parallel to the [010] direction sustained by C__H...Cg and Cg...Cg pi inter and intra-molecular interactions. Hirshfeld surface analysis allowed us to understand the intermolecular contacts, where the fingerprint plot provided the information about the percentage contribution. UV-vis data showed a red-shift for the chromium complex and slightly blue-shift after coordination with cyano axial ligand. The Eg-op value suggested that (I)-(III) compounds are semi-conductor. The complex (II) efficiently and promptly degraded calmagite dye solution at a yield of 100% (calmagite = 40 mg/L, pH = 6, time = 10 min, catalyst dose = 3 mg, H2O2 dose = 4 mL/L, and T = 20 C).

关键词： Nanonization   Antisolvent precipitation nanonization   Stabilizers   Fluconazole   Ocular delivery  

摘要： The goal of this research was to prepare and characterize nanonized particles of the antifungal drug, fluconazole (FLZ) using antisolvent precipitation nanonization technique to improve its ocular permeation. The impact of various concentrations of different stabilizers, namely Pluronic F-127 (PL F 127), Kollicoat IR (KL), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E3 (HPMC), xanthan gum (XG), polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 (PVP), and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) upon the resulting nanoparticles was investigated. Additionally, the ex vivo release of the FLZ nanonized particles from ophthalmic gel bases was studied by using goat cornea, and the ocular pharmacokinetics of appropriate ophthalmic gel base containing optimized drug nanoparticle formula compared to the untreated drug were studied in rabbits. FLZ nanoparticles were successfully prepared with different concentrations of stabilizers. However, the effects of these stabilizers on nanoparticle size and zeta potential values varied according to the concentration and type of stabilizer used. Based on differential scanning calorimetry, the drug was in its amorphous state in the tested nanoparticle formulations. The results of ex vivo ocular diffusion of the FLZ nanoparticle gel formulations revealed an improvement compared to that with the FLZ untreated gel. Nanoparticle formula (F3) prepared by using 5% PL F127 showed small particle size (352 +/- 6.1 nm) with zeta potential value of -18.3 mV with highest ex vivo release rate from goat cornea (100% after 6 h). Moreover, the AUC(0-8h) from ocular application of FLZ from sodium alginate gel containing nanoparticle formula F3 was 1.4-fold higher than that after its administration in the untreated formula. Based on our findings, the ophthalmic gel formulations containing FLZ nanoparticles enhanced drug corneal permeation and improved the ocular pharmacokinetic parameters. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.

关键词： Plant-based polysaccharide   Chemical composition   Hydrolysis   Structural features   Flow behavior  

摘要： The aim of this research was to introduce and characterize a novel plant-based polysaccharide. Ornithogalum cuspidatum (OC) was used for mucilage extraction and chemical, physical, thermal and rheological properties of raw extracted mucilage (OMA), purified (OMB) and acid hydrolyzed mucilage (OMC) were compared. The purified mucilage (OMB) had the highest molecular weight (1.7 x 10(6) kDa). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that the extracted mucilage is a member of arabinogalactan family. high performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the mucilage is a hetropolysaccharide composed of galactose, glucose, arabinose and galacturonic acid, that galactose was the main monosaccharide in all samples. The functional groups and morphology of samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and Field emission scanning electron microscope analyses, respectively. Zeta potential was negative for three samples indicating the anionic nature of mucilage. The thermal analysis showed that the highest thermal stability was related to sample OMC. Water holding capacity of sample OMB was significantly higher than other two samples (p < 0.05). According to rheological studies, pseudoplastic behavior of three samples was confirmed. Sample OMB had the highest viscosity, and three samples followed the Herschel Balkley model. In the frequency sweep test, the loss modulus of all samples was greater than the storage modulus that indicates a weak gel structure of mucilage. In general, this research revealed that the OC mucilage as a liquid viscoelastic material can be introduced as a new thickener or stabilizer in food industry and purification and partial hydrolysis can affect its physicochemical and functional properties.

关键词： Active AAEMs   Co-pyrolysis   Char properties   Coal   Corn stalks  

摘要： During co-pyrolysis, active alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) can influence the synergistic effect of coal and biomass. For exploring the influence of active AAEMs on the co-pyrolysis process, this paper studied the physicochemical properties and gasification reactivity of co-pyrolysis char of four blends: raw coal and raw corn stalks (RC&RCS), pickling coal and raw corn stalks (HC&RCS), raw coal and pickling corn stalks (RC&HCS), and pickling coal and pickling corn stalks (HC&HCS). The results show that the synergistic effects on char yields are within 3%. During co-pyrolysis, the presence of corn stalks is beneficial to the generation of spherical particles from coal char, and the promotion effect of pickling corn stalks is greater than that of the raw corn stalks. The active AAEMs have an inhibitory effect on the decomposition of aliphatic C-H, C=O and-CH3 in Shenmu coal, and also on the decomposition of O-H, aliphatic C-H and C-O in the corn stalks. The experimental values of gasification residual carbon of RC&RCS/HC&RCS co-pyrolysis char are 24-77% of the calculated values, while that of RC&HCS/HC&HCS co-pyrolysis char are 86-103% of the calculated values. The interaction between the blends promotes the reactivity of co-pyrolysis char. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd.