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关键词： Rice starch   Bamboo shoot dietary fiber   Physicochemical properties   Structure   In vitro digestion  

摘要： The physicochemical, structural properties and digestibility of rice starch treated by bamboo shoot dietary fiber (BSDF) combined with dynamic high-pressure microfluidization (DHPM) were investigated. Compared with starch modified by BSDF alone, the combination treatment decreased the pasting viscosity and viscoelasticity of starch. Furthermore, the pasting viscosity and viscoelasticity showed an increase from 50 to 100 MPa and then decreased after increasing the pressure to 150 and 200 MPa. The enthalpy of gelatinization and relative crystallinity of starch treated by BSDF and 100 MPa DHPM significantly increased by 17% and 63%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated that flaky BSDF coated on starch granules to form a protective layer. As a result, the fractions of resistant starch increased and the starch hydrolysis extent and rate decreased under 100 MPa DHPM. This study highlights an innovative and promising strategy for improving the properties of starch and facilitating its utilization.

关键词： Biphasic calcium silicates   Dopant concentration   Mechanothermal process   Physicochemical properties   Post-treatment  

摘要： Fully dense biphasic calcium silicates with improved biomechanical behavior were fabricated via mechanothermal method followed by the conventional sintering process. The effects of dopant concentration on the phase composition, structural evolution, and mechanical properties of palladium-doped calcium silicates (PCSs) were investigated. The results showed that the coalescence of nanoparticles, coarsening of particles, and the formation of large agglomerates occurred during the mechanothermal reactions. Attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy spectra of the PCSs represented the characteristic bands of the calcium silicates, including the bending mode of Si-O-Si and O-Si-O, the stretching vibration of O-Si-O group, the stretching mode of Si-O-Ca, as well as the symmetrical stretching mode of Si-O-Si group. The results of the Rietveld refinement indicated that the phase compositions and structural features noticeably affected by the dopant concentration so that the phase fraction (PF) of Wollastonite-1A and Pseudowollastonite was 0.318 +/- 0.035 and 0.526 +/- 0.025 in the case of undoped calcium silicate (PCS0), which respectively reached 0.411 +/- 0.021 and 0.589 +/- 0.021 for the Pd-doped calcium silicate (PCS20). Comparing with the PCS0, the Vickers hardness of the consolidated PCS20 increased by -79%. From the biomineralization analysis, the surface of the consolidated sample was covered by the bone-like apatite after soaking in a simulated body fluid (SBF) for 2 weeks.

关键词： Sustainability   Anaerobic digestate   Mineral fertilizer   Multielemental composition   Citrus rootstocks  

摘要： Previous researches have demonstrated the bioenergetic potential of agri-food Mediterranean wastes showing that anaerobic co-digestion is a valuable solution for Mediterranean areas. This implies a great interest for anaerobic digestates use in agriculture to replace fertilizers. The present study aimed at: i) producing knowledge on continuous anaerobic co-digestion of feedstock mixture composed by different Mediterranean agri-food wastes in terms of multielemental characterization and ii) assessing the agronomic value of industrial anaerobic digestate (AD) based on the potential as fertiliser in nursery condition for the citrus seedlings. Results have demonstrated that agro-industrial biomasses have great potentiality to be converted by anaerobic digestion in biofertilizer to be used in citrus nurseries as sustainable alternative to mineral fertilisers. Multielemental traits of the tested AD were valuable in terms of nutritional supply for the growth and development of the plant. AD was useful to replace the mineral fertilizers in terms of total N content (10.81 +/- 0.32 %TS) and organic matter (43.32 +/- 0.80 %TS). The seedlings nutritive status showed that no need for supplemental of nutrients was requested. Volkamer lemon highly benefited from the administration of liquid digestate, increasing the total chlorophyll level (2.97 +/- 0.31 mg g-1 FW) presumably due to the higher ammonium content of the AD (59 +/- 0.08 %TKN). Besides providing useful tools for citrus nurseries for conceiving new sustainable fertilization strategies, this study is a starting point for further in-depth works on physiological status and traits of citrus plants fertilized by using agro-industrial anaerobic digestate.

关键词： Hempseed co-product   Drying   Solubility   Interfacial properties   Antioxidant   Anti-inflammation  

摘要： Hempseed meal after protein isolation (HM-PI) is a co-product obtained from hempseed. The objectives were to characterize and determine the effect of drying on HM-PI. HM-PI was produced using three drying methods: freeze (FD), vacuum oven (VOD), and oven drying (OD). HM-PI contained over 70% protein and had similar or higher level of essential amino acids than recommended values for human adults. Osborne fractionation indi-cated that glutelin was the most dominant fraction in HM-PI. FD HMPI has a significant lower surface hydro-phobicity and higher in vitro protein digestibility than OD and VOD HM-PI. FD HM-PI demonstrated better functional properties than OD and VOD HM-PI. Pepsin-pancreatin digestion of VOD, FD and OD resulted in comparable and considerable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This is the first report on the characterization of HM-PI, a co-product of hempseed processing. HM-PI could serve as a novel food protein ingredient resulting in increase utilization of hempseed.

关键词： Biocomposite   Mycelium   Agricultural waste   Drying heat treatment  

摘要： The manufacture of mycelial matrix biocomposite and vegetable reinforcement involves control of the substrate proportion, choice of isolate and drying conditions. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of different drying heat treatments on the mechanical, physical, chemical and thermal responses of the biocomposite composed by the fungal isolate Pycnoporus sanguineus associated with coconut powder and wheat bran. The mycelium grew randomly on the substrate, degraded it and acted as a binder between the particles. In addition, a dense and compact mycelial network was formed on the surface. The time and temperature significantly affected physical, mechanical properties and microstructure of the biocomposite. Overall, a lightweight biocomposite was obtained with a compressive strength between 134 and 200 kPa.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)   Chilimo Forest   deforestation   dry evergreen Afromontane forests   land-use change   resilience  

摘要： We investigated the soil physicochemical property and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) resilience to the degradation and deforestation of a dry evergreen Afromontane forest, the Chilimo Forest (CF). Topsoil (1-10 cm) physicochemical property, AMF spore abundance (SA), and AMF infectivity were determined across four land uses, viz., natural forest (NF), shrubland (ShL), cropland (CrL), and grazing land (GrL). According to the permutational multivariate analysis of variance and nonmetric multidimensional scaling results, soil physicochemical property was resilient to degradation (NF-ShL conversion) but not deforestation (NF-CrL or NF-GrL conversions) of CF. The one-way ANOVA results indicated that most soil physicochemical variables were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by land-use change. Soil organic matter and total nitrogen, in particular, reduced significantly (p < 0.05) by up to 48% and 57% due to NF-CrL and NF-GrL conversions, respectively. Whereas SA was found to be resilient to both CF degradation and deforestation, AMF infectivity was resilient only to NF-CrL conversion. Generally, our results did not show a similar pattern in soil physicochemical property, SA, and AMF infectivity resilience to degradation and deforestation. However, in the case of NF-GrL conversion, both soil physicochemical property and AMF infectivity exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) low resilience. Based on our results, we conclude that soil physicochemical property and AMF are important factors to consider in CF restoration planning. When planting sites are either the croplands or grazing lands, soil amendment could be recommended. AMF inoculation, however, could be recommended when the planting sites are grazing lands. These recommendations may also apply widely to dry evergreen Afromontane forests restoration but additional studies are required.

关键词： Herbicidal ionic liquids   Double salts   Plant growth regulators   Biological activity   Wettability   Weeds  

摘要： Over the past decade, numerous advantages of double salt ionic liquids have been discovered, including beneficial physicochemical properties and a synergistic increase in biological activity resulting from competitive interaction among three or more ions based on their chemical structures. Therefore, we applied the approach mentioned above in our study by designing new ionic liquids consisting of amphiphilic choline-like cations and two or three anions derived from synthetic auxins. The influence of combining three anions with herbicidal activity in one compound on its physical, chemical and biological properties is discussed here for the first time. Double salts were obtained according to a fast, reliable and sustainable synthesis method, which made it possible to obtain pure ionic liquids, reaching 99-100% efficiency. Comparison of NMR spectra of products containing one or more anions has revealed that the introduction of additional ions has a clear impact on the chemical environment of atoms, which may explain the observed changes in double salt properties. The effects of the addition of the 2nd and 3rd anions on basic physicochemical parameters (including density, refractive index, viscosity, phase transitions, solubility and surface activity) were studied. Biological experiments have confirmed that the herbicidal activity of the obtained ionic liquids with three herbicide anions is higher than that of commercial preparations and most tested ionic liquids with only one biologically active anion, which confirms numerous advantages of the "double salt ionic liquid" approach. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Mesoporous silica   Hexadecyltriphenylphosphonium bromide   Rhodamine B   Encapsulation   Mitochondrion targeting  

摘要： Novel nanocomposite system based on mesopomus silica nanoparticles (MSNs) noncovalently modified with hexadecyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (HTPPB) has been prepared, thoroughly characterized and used for encapsulation of model cargo Rhodamine B (RhB). The high encapsulation efficacy of this dye by HTPPB-modified mesoporous particles was demonstrated by spectmphotometry and thermography techniques. The bioavailability of MSN@HTPPB was testified. Cytotoxicity assay revealed that a marked suppression of M-HeLa cancer cells (epithelioid carcinoma of the cervix) occurs at concentration of 0.06 mu g/mL, while the higher viability of Chang liver normal cell line was preserved in the concentration range of 0.98-0.06 mu g/mL. Hemolysis assay demonstrated that only 2% of red blood cells are destructed at similar to 30 mu g/mL concentration. This allows us to select the most harmless compositions based on MSN@HTPPB with minimal side effects toward normal cells and recommend them for the development of antitumor formulations. Fluorescence microscopy technique testified satisfactory penetration of HTPPB-modified carriers into M-HeLa cells. Importantly, modification of the MSN with HTPPB is shown to promote efficient delivery to mitochondria. To the best of our knowledge, it is one of the first successful examples of noncovalent surface modification of the MSNs with lipophilic phosphonium cation that improves targeted delivery of loads to mitochondria.

关键词： Biodegradable   Active polymer   Encapsulation   Nanocomposite   Chlorophyll  

摘要： In this study, pectin was extracted from black mulberry fruit pulp and chlorophyll was extracted from black mulberry leaves. The extracted chlorophyll was encapsulated with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Black mulberry pectin/chlorophyll of black mulberry leaf encapsulated with carboxymethylcellulose/silica nanoparticles was prepared (Pec/Ch-CMC/SiO2). The physicochemical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the prepared films were investigated. SEM, FTIR, TGA and XRD techniques were used to study the structure of the films. According to the results, silica increased the thickness and decreased the moisture and solubility of the films. Increasing the amount of CMC in the capsules used in the film increased the thickness, moisture and solubility of the films. Silica increased the tensile strength of the film and reduced the flexibility of the film, while CMC reduced the tensile strength and increased the flexibility of the film. Chlorophyll and silica greatly increased the antioxidant properties of the film. Encapsulated chlorophyll and silica increased the antibacterial properties of the film against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. SEM images showed that by simultaneously adding encapsulated chlorophyll and silica to the pectin structure, almost all gaps in the pectin surface were filled. According to the FTIR spectra, electrostatic interactions between pectin polymer chains with encapsulated chlorophyll and silica were confirmed. According to TGA results, the simultaneous addition of encapsulated chlorophyll and silica to the film increases the thermal stability of the film. According to the results, the pure pectin film has a semi-crystalline structure that the addition of silica and encapsulated reduces its crystalline structure.

关键词： Cannabis sativa L.   Cannabidiol   2, 6-di-O-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin   Inclusion complex   Water solubility   Antioxidant activity  

摘要： Cannabidiol (CBD), which has a wide variety of biological activities, is one of the phytocannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L. However, due to the poor aqueous solubility, its applications in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical fields are limited. Moreover, the previous researches on the improvement in the solubility of CBD are rare. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are useful materials to improve the solubility of poorly watersoluble molecules. Therefore, this work was aimed to study the physicochemical properties, water solubility, and dissolution rate of the inclusion complexes of CBD with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and 2, 6-di-O-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DM-beta-CD), and to determine the influence of complexation on the antioxidant activity of CBD. Job's plot and phase solubility study revealed that CBD formed inclusion complexes with beta-CD and DM-beta-CD at a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. The thermodynamics analysis demonstrated that the inclusion process was spontaneous and endothermic. Then, the inclusion complexes of CBD with beta-CD or DM-beta-CD were prepared and characterized by PXRD, FT-IR, DSC, SEM, and H-1 NMR. The loading efficiency (LE) of the two inclusion complexes was 20.4% and 17.7% respectively, while the complexation efficiency (CE) was 92.4% and 90.8% respectively. Moreover, the results of molecular docking further showed that CBD was encapsulated successfully. The results also displayed that the water solubility of CBD in CBD/beta-CD inclusion complex (IC) and CBD/DM-beta-CD IC was significantly increased to 0.395 and 14.118 mu g/mL, which was enhanced by 17-fold and 614-fold respectively at such a high LE, and the in vitro dissolution rate of CBD was also promoted after complexation. Besides, the antioxidant activity of CBD was improved after encapsulation with beta-CD and DM-beta-CD. Significantly, the ABTS free radical scavenging ability of the two inclusion complexes was better than that of Vitamin C (Vc). (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.