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关键词： Sewage Treatment Plant   Effluent Treatment Plant   Biological Oxygen Demand   Chemical Oxygen Demand   Total Suspended Solids   Total Dissolved Solids   Oil & Grease   State Pollution Control Board  

摘要： In general, metropolitan sewage problems are more perplexing because the amount of wastewater is enormous, necessitating a massive Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). In this present study is to evaluate an efficacy of waste water treatment process containing to analyze the number of microbial consortiums for homegrown wastewater treatment in order to reduce or restrict the amount of slime. The experimental trial study investigation was carried out in an organic treatment settling, with strong microbial consortia and individual microbial species in distinct reactors. The physicochemical boundary of the unpredictable wastewater was identified using pH, Temperature, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Ammonical Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Ammonia and Oil & Grease (O&G). The ultimate goal of achievement is to stable natural norms for treating the sewage waYter. However, the most important part of the research is to confirm the function of microbial verdure in the sewage treatment in large scale.

关键词： Braziliannative's fruits   Discrimination   Biodiversity   Fingerprinting   Genetic analysis   Multivariate analysis   Principal Component Analysis  

摘要： Uvaia (Eugenia pyriformis Cambess) is a native Atlantic Rainforest plant that produces an acidic yellow-orange fruit with singular properties. Few studies were performed with the native's population of uvaia, and there is not a standard production of this fruit, due to its variability in shape, color, aroma, and texture. In this study, native plants of uvaia were identified to accomplish the molecular, phenological, and physicochemical characterization. The characterization was used as a base to select native plants for future development of a genetic improvement, aiming the production of new cultivars of uvaia. In total, twenty-six (26) plants were identified in five (05) populations at Santa Catarina State (Brazil), and an expressive molecular difference between the plants was recorded. Evaluating the uvaia phenological characterization, it was observed that uvaia bloom between December and January, while fruit ripening begins in February and extends until April. The fruits of uvaia from different plants presented high moisture, acidity, and sugar content, which are positive characteristics for agroindustrial processing. Five groups of plants were discriminated by multivariate analysis, and one of these groups was related to the high value of chemical composition. In conclusion, this study provides a new perspective related to the uvaia variability, focusing on native plant discrimination based on the molecular, phenological, and physicochemical characterization to develop a genetic improvement to produce worldwide commercial-level plantation of uvaia.

关键词： Hydroxyapatite   Silver   Antibacterial   Microwave irradiation   Mesenchymal stromal cell   Biocompatibility  

摘要： This current work highlights the synthesis of hydroxyapatite incorporated with silver (Ag-HA) bioceramic material using microwave-assisted wet precipitation method for the first time. This method is relatively convenient and cost effective to produce Ag-HA composite. Apart from physicochemical characterization, antibacterial and biocompatibility analyses are also crucial to validate the bioceramics prior to biomedical applications. Ag-HA nanoparticles were prepared with different Ag concentrations (HA, 3Ag-HA, 6Ag-HA and 9Ag-HA) and its physicochemical characterization was performed using XRD, FTIR, XPS, FESEM, HR-TEM, BET and surface wettability. The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mitis. The biocompatibility analysis was assessed based on the cell attachment and viability/proliferation of the human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs). The elemental and functional group analyses confirmed the presence of Ag and HA in nanoparticles. The crystallinity degree of the AgHA decreased while the hydrophilicity increased with increasing Ag concentration. Ag-HA disks indicated a significant zone of inhibition to S. aureus (3Ag-HA: 14.29 +/- 0.12 mm;6Ag-HA: 14.84 +/- 0.36 mm, 9Ag-HA: 15.12 +/- 0.10 mm, p<0.01) and S. mitis (3Ag-HA: 13.59 +/- 0.44 mm;6Ag-HA: 14.23 +/- 0.42 mm, 9Ag-HA: 14.75 +/- 0.45 mm, p<0.01) when compared with HA. Biocompatibility tests demonstrated an excellent cell attachment and significant viability/proliferation of hBMSCs on day 7 (p<0.01) for 3Ag-HA disk when compared to day 1 or 3, however the observed result was comparable to HA. This study showed that microwave-assisted wet precipitation method could produce a superior Ag-HA composite for biomedical applications.

关键词： Biostabilisation   composting   residual BMW   lime   green waste   ammonia-oxidising bacteria   ammonia-oxidising archaea  

摘要： Implementation of guidelines to reduce the amount of biodegradable municipal waste (BMW) sent to landfill has created a need in the waste-management industry to investigate possible methods of accelerating biostabilisation of residual BMW. The effect of commercially feasible manipulations (lime and green waste (GW)) on the rate of biostabilisation of the fine (<20 mm) fraction of residual BMW was investigated. The physical and chemical attributes of the composted wastes were measured, and their bacterial communities profiled using traditional culture-based methods. In addition, ammonia-oxidising microbes were monitored during the biostabilisation process using molecular profiling methods. Addition of GW accelerated biostabilisation, reduced conductivity and increased the levels of ammonia-oxidising bacterial (AOB) and archaeal (AOA) genes. The best stability was noted in the dual (Lime + GW) treatment, which was under the limit of 13 mmol O-2 kg DM-1 h(-1) recommended by the Irish compost standard. Biostabilised wastes met recommendations for source-segregated compost for pH (6-8) and pathogens (E. coli and Salmonella), but not heavy metals, indicating their unsuitability for uses other than landfill cover. Levels of AOA genes (log 3-6 g(-1) DM) were higher than AOB (log 1-6 g(-1) DM, indicating AOA may contribute more to potential ammonia oxidation in residual BMW composting.

关键词： Composite film   Zirconium oxide nanoparticles   Microencapsulation   Zataria multiflora essential oil   Controlled release  

摘要： In this study, a composite film made of potato starch (St)/apple peel pectin (Pec) was prepared. The St/Pec film was modified with microencapsulated Zataria multiflora essential oil (MEO) and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles (St/Pec/MEO/ZrO2). The physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of the film were studied. The optimum films were used for packing quail meat. According to the results, the addition of MEO to the film increased the moisture content while the addition of ZrO2 to the film decreased the moisture content. Water vapor permeability increased with increasing MEO and decreased with increasing ZrO2 concentration. The MEO and ZrO2 greatly increased the antioxidant properties, melting point and glass temperature of the film. According to the SEM (Scanning electron microscope) images, the encapsulated essential oil and ZrO2 created porosity in the film structure. The FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) results revealed the electrostatic interactions between the composite components. XRD (X-ray diffraction) study showed that the MEO reduced the crystal structure of the film. Packaging of quail meat with St/Pec based active films increased shelf life of the meat. The film contained the highest amount of MEO and ZrO2 had the greatest effect on the stability of quail meat. The study of releasing the essential oil from the film showed that the release of the essential oil occurs gradually. The encapsulation of the essential oil has increased the effectiveness time of the essential oil.

关键词： Co-crystallized powder   Antioxidant activity   Thermal properties   Phenolic compounds   Microencapsulation   Nutrition  

摘要： In this research, the bioactive compounds of Securigera securidaca seed extract were microencapsulated in the sucrose matrix during the co-crystallization process. Important components of plant seed extract include flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, sterols and palmitic acid. The structural properties of the microencapsulated powder and thermal properties were examined by electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The physicochemical properties (solubility, moisture, hygroscopicity, and aqueous activity) and antioxidant activity (measurements of phenolic compounds, total flavonoid content, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, DDPH, ABTS, and reducing power) were also determined for the product. Structural analysis indicated a porous structure and an efficient microencapsulation process. Thermal properties of all samples showed a major peak at the temperature range of 190 degrees C similar to the melting point of sucrose. The microencapsulation efficiency increased with increasing the extract concentration in the co-crystallized powder. The powder with a concentration of 16% of the extract had the utmost effect on radical scavenging of DDPH, ABTS, hydroxyl, and reducing power (78.51, 80.02, 58.51%, and 0.91, respectively). Levels of aqueous activity, moisture content, and hygroscopicity of powders revealed that the produced product was stable with suitable properties for storage. After 4 months of storage in different environmental conditions (ambient temperature, darkness, refrigeration, and artificial light), the maximum retention (about 94.9%) of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties (about 82.24%) were observed for a powder containing 16% of the extract stored in dark conditions. Microencapsulation by co-crystallization can be used as an efficient method to preserve bioactive compounds against environmental conditions and in food formulations.

关键词： Asparagus juice   Balsamic vinegar   Beefsteak   Natural tenderizer   Proteolytic activity  

摘要： The adverse effects of chemical compounds have limited their usage despite their relative success in improving meat tenderness. Thus, natural tenderizers have attracted attention. The present study aimed to evaluate the tenderization effects of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) juice and balsamic vinegar on beefsteak;marination at 4 degrees C for 48 h significantly increased the water-holding capacity, total protein solubility, myofibrillar fragmentation index and hydroxyproline content but significantly decreased the pH value, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and energy to the peak rates (P 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy images and electrophoresis findings revealed extensive degradation of connective tissues and changes in protein band patterns, respectively. The tenderness of the beefsteak samples was optimum by applying 25% asparagus juice, and 25% asparagus juice + 10% balsamic vinegar. Therefore, marinade solutions containing asparagus juice and balsamic vinegar can be considered as natural tenderizing agents in formulation of seasonings and sauces to promote tenderness in tough beefsteak and possibly improve other quality-related properties.

关键词： Biochars   Potentially toxic elements   physicochemical properties   Geostatistical risks  

摘要： The impact of different biochars (BCs) on the physicochemical properties and immobilization of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in contaminated soil irrigated with industrial wastewater for the last three decades was studied. Furthermore, the efficacy of applied BCs in reducing geostatistical risks was also evaluated. For this purpose, BCs were prepared from green waste (Cynodon dactylon L.) for the first time at different pyrolysis temperature (400 degrees C, 600 degrees C and 800 degrees C), and amended the contaminated soil in pots with two different ratios of 2% and 5% (w/w) under controlled conditions. The BCs amended soil samples were analyzed after five months (equivalent to the life span of a wheat crop). The physicochemical impacts of applied BCs on the soil showed that the acidic soil was changed to basic. A tremendous increase in water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity, dissolved organic carbon, carbon, phosphorus and potassium contents was observed. The PTEs concentrations and geostatistical risks were significantly (p = 0.05) decreased by all the BCs. Among them, BC prepared at 800 degrees C and applied at a ratio of 5% was showed the best effects by reducing the bioavailable concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Fe, As, Co and Zn in 88%, 87%, 78%, 76%, 69%, 65%, 64%, 63%, 46% and 21%, respectively. Similarly, significant (p = 0.05) reductions in geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, contamination factor, and ecological risk were recorded. Therefore, BC prepared at 800 degrees C and applied at a ratio of 5% is recommended for soil remediation. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Highland barley   Non-starch constituents   In vitro starch digestibility   Structural properties   Physicochemical properties  

摘要： Highland barley (HB) is a kind of slow-digesting grain. The effects of endogenous non-starch components on the digestibility of highland barley starch (HBS) are worth exploring. In this study, the effects of non-starch components on the structure, physicochemical and digestibility of HBS were studied by removing ?-glucan, proteins and lipids individually and in pairs. The results showed that, all removal treatments led to an increase in the swelling power of the HBS and changes in its pasting properties, causing its easier gelatinisation and subsequent digestion. The effects of the removal of multiple components on the digestion and physicochemical properties of HBS were more significant than those corresponding to that of a single. The effect order of a single non-starch component on starch digestibility is: lipids < ?-glucans < proteins. Regarding the multiple, the lowest SDS was induced by the removals of lipid and protein (actually, the protein, ?-glucan and lipids were all removed), and the lowest RS was induced by the removal of proteins. The changes in the physiochemical and digestion properties caused by the removal of the non-starch components were significantly correlated;the swelling power was significantly and positively correlated with the glucose concentration at the end of digestion, and the sum of SDS and RS content was positively correlated with the ratio of 1022/995 cm-1. In conclusion, these results reveal the internal factors affecting the slow digestion characteristics of HB from the perspective of endogenous nonstarch components while providing important reference values of these components in slow-digesting diets.

关键词： Lyonsite   Crystal structure   Optical band gap   Transport pathways simulation   Electrical properties  

摘要： New double molybdate type lyonsite, Na0.24Ti1.44(MoO4)(3), has been synthesized by a solid-state reaction. Structural, vibrational, optical and electrical properties have been investigated. Its crystal structure determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pnma, with a = 5.025(3) angstrom, b = 10.648(6) degrees, c = 17.797(8)and Z = 4. The structure can be described as a three-dimensional framework with hexagonal tunnels in which Na+ cations resides. The structural model was validated by charge distribution (CHARDI) method. X-ray powder diffraction pattern revealed the formation of a pure phase which crystallizes in the orthorhombic system. Vibrational study by means of FTIR spectroscopy confirms the existence of the (MoO4)(2-) functional group. Optical properties were recorded at room temperature using UV-visible spectroscopy in the spectral range 200- 800 nm. The optical absorbance was measured to determine the optical band gap using Kubelka-Munk function. Na+ ions pathways simulation was studied by Bond Valence Site Energy (BVSE) model. Electrical analysis of our compound has been investigated using complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) in frequency and temperature range 300 Hz-4MHz and 393-573 K, respectively. Nyquist plots reveal the presence of two contributions, an equivalent circuit was proposed. Impedance spectroscopy studies show that the conductivity is 4.07 10(-6) S cm(-1) at 573 K and the activation energy is 0.826 *** conductivity shows electrical conduction in the material as a thermally activated process.