教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： 4R理论   物理化学   教学实践  

摘要： 4R课程模本是由美国后现代主义课程论的代表多尔提出的教学理论,它包括丰富性(Richness)、回归性(Recursion)、关联性(Relation)、严密性(Rigor)四个特征。文章根据当前中医药专业大学物理化学课程中存在的问题,结合实践将其融入教学,力图实现对物理化学教学的引领。

关键词： 物理化学   科学研究实验   科教融合  

摘要： 物理化学是化学化工类本科专业的重要基础课程之一,对于后续专业课程学习起到很好的铺垫作用。但是物理化学课程学习难度较大,理论知识深入且更新慢,导致理论脱离实际,严重影响学习效果。针对物理化学教学过程中存在的问题,从科教融合角度对物理化学教学进行丰富,将新颖和前沿的科学研究实验内容加入到教学中,更容易激发学生学习兴趣,培养学生科研思维和视野,提升物理化学教学质量。

关键词： Micropollutants   Physical-biological hybrid technologies   Activated carbon   Activated sludge   Membrane bioreactor   Wastewater  

摘要： The limited efficiency of conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in emerging pollutants (EPs) removal encourages the development of alternative technologies for the adequate treatment of wastewater, due to its adverse effects on human health and ecosystems. The biological, physical or chemical hybrid technologies to treat EPs results interesting since they can enhance the performance of WWTPs. Among them, hybrid adsorption/biological technology could offer different possibilities that are explored in this work (PAC-MBR, PACT/GAC-CAS, BAC configurations). In this way, different variations in the adsorption process have been considered: the form of the adsorbent, the feed to the system, and the type of biological process, either conventional activated sludge (CAS), membrane bioreactor (MBR) or biofilm systems. For each combination, the removal efficiency of micropollutants, classified according to their use into pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PCPs) and other micropollutants (mainly benzotriazoles) was analysed. From reported data, it was observed a beneficial synergistic effect of dipole moment and octanol-water partition coefficient on the removal efficiency of micropollutants by adsorption/biological hybrid technology. Finally, a preliminary economic evaluation of the powdered activated carbon in a conventional activated sludge reactor (PACT), powdered activated carbon-membrane bioreactor (PAC-MBR) and biological activated carbon (BAC) hybrid systems was carried out by analysing the capital expenditure (CAPEX) of plants for capacities up to 75,000 m(3)d(-1). Likewise, estimations of adsorbent concentration for a hypothetical plant with a capacity of 10,000 m(3)d(-1) is presented. Among these hybrid configurations, PAC-MBR achieved the highest micropollutant elimination percentages;however, it presents the highest CAPEX and activated carbon requirements. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 物理化学   教学改革   新工科  

摘要： 在新工科建设的背景下,以培养应用型、创新型的新工科技术人才为目标,对工科类专业的物理化学教学进行改革与探索。将课程思政理念融入到教学过程中,建立全方位的教学改革体系及全流程的教学考核体系,以期能树立学生的理想信念,夯实学生的专业知识,培养学生的工程意识及科研素养,为国家培养具有更强实践能力、更强创新能力的高素质型新工科人才。

关键词： Polydopamine   Polynorepinephrine   PolyDOPA   Electromicrogravimetry   Adhesive properties  

摘要： Catechol is a well-known versatile surface anchoring group that has inspired the development of func-tional materials, mimicking mussels natural adhesive properties. Polydopamine is the most studied biomimetic polymer, however, the role of other chemical functionalities combined with catechol, on the synthesis and materials properties is far less explored. In this work, we carried out a detailed inves-tigation of the potentiodynamic polymerization of distinct bioinspired catecholamines (dopamine, nore-pinephrine and L-DOPA) and catechol, disclosing novel insights of their electropolymerization kinetics and final physicochemical properties of the films. The electrochemical data is supported by gravimetry, spec-troscopy (FTIR, UV-vis, XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometry and wettability assays. Highly reproducible and quantitatively deposited electroactive films can be achieved using all the monomers, preserving the original pendant groups. Polydopamine has the fastest initial growth, originating a com-pact and passivating film, with a more heterogenous structure, whereas polyDOPA has the slowest growth originating a very thin and porous film. Polycatechol and polynorepinephrine displayed the most regular growths, superior electroactivities, and highest adhesion forces towards an amine-modified AFM probe, highlighting the pivotal role of catechol units. This work demonstrates that a controlled electrochemical synthesis of polycatechol, polynorepinephrine and polyDOPA leads to very promising biomimetic materi-als, alternative to polydopamine, for bioconjugation and electrochemical biosensing applications. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 二维三阶   学生中心   物理化学  

摘要： 物理化学是化学专业本科教育的一门主干课程,由于逻辑性较强,概念抽象,公式多且复杂,导致教学效果不佳。本文分析了物理化学教学现状和不足,提出了主要从优化教学内容,利用混合式教学模式和构建多元化教学评价体系等方面进行改革,旨在培养具有扎实的物理化学基础,良好的科学素养,可以解决一定实际问题的新型应用型人才。

关键词： 物理化学   教学改革   应用型人才  

摘要： 目前,学校对学生的培养目标更注重培养应用型人才,如何培养出优秀的应用型人才,必须在课程教学内容和教学方法上均有所创新。物理化学理论性强,公式多,公式推导繁琐,学生学习积极性较差。笔者根据自己多年的教学经验,认为应当在教学内容强调相互关联性;教学方法上线下教学和线上互动相结合;同时应注重案例教学,激发学生学习兴趣;强调以专业为导向进行教学改革,体现物理化学的专业指导作用;并且在考核方式上应多元化考核,为培养应用型人才做出贡献。

关键词： CO2 capture   Zeolites   Microalgae   Light efficiency  

摘要： We compare the industrial viability of two emerging technologies for CO2 capture from flue gases, i.e., adsorption in porous commercial zeolites and biomass production by microalgae. Our study is organized in two steps: first, the best system is selected (either zeolite type or microalgae strain). Second, their performance is quantified and their advantages at real conditions discussed. For the physicochemical process, we find that commercial zeolite MFI is the best choice for CO2 capture from a typical industrial flue gas emission. Numerical dual PSA cycle simulations at ambient conditions yield 8 kg m(-3) bed h(-1) and an energy consumption of 0.987 MJ per kg of captured CO2. As regards the biological process, evaluation of several microalgae strains in continuous mode using low-cost resources (waste water, fertilizers, flue gases), results in Scenedesmus almeriensis as the most promising strain. The maximal capacity of CO2 capture at laboratory conditions was 0.1 kg m(-3)h(-1), allowing to produce up to 0.06 of kg m(-3)h(-1) of biomass (3% maximal photosynthetic efficiency). Although this is a significantly lower value, the produced biomass, being composed by carbohydrates, entails an overall economic yield of 0.6 (sic) m(-3).day. To demonstrate reliability at large scale, experiments were performed in a 100 m(2) pilot raceway reactor under outdoor conditions. We measured 54 g of CO2/m(2).day (=197 tn/***) and a biomass productivity of 21 g/m(2).day (=75 tn/***). The energy consumption approaches to 0.48 MJ/kgCO(2), lower than zeolites adsorption. Still, zeolites can be advantageous as they offer higher productivity, lower energy consumption than amines-based methods, and possibility of producing added-value chemical products, such as methanol, CO or CH4.

关键词： Chronosequence   Organic carbon   Phosphorus   Pedogenesis   Tailings   Total nitrogen  

摘要： Understanding the trajectory of changes in substrate physicochemical properties is critical for revegetation of mine tailings. The study tracked changes of selected physicochemical properties as proxies of pedogenesis over time and across different topographic positions on a chronosequence of six abandoned gold tailings (10, 17, 35, 82, 92 and 110 years) compared to soils from reference areas. The hypotheses were: (1) plant macronutrients: total and mineral nitrogen (N), plant available phosphorus (P), potassium (K), organic carbon (OC) and fine particle content significantly increase with substrate age and approach that of natural reference soils, (2) substrate pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and bulk density decrease with tailings age, (3) topography (relief) and depth had significant effect on the tailings properties. Substrate samples were collected from four depths (0-5 cm;5-15 cm, 100 cm and 300 cm) on the tops, upper and lower slope positions of the tailings dumps and two reference sites 200 m and 2 km away. Total N and available P significantly increased with dump age matching reference conditions in the top 5 cm on the oldest (110 years) dump. Organic carbon(OC) and pH initially significantly declined between the disposal time (0 years) and 10 years but fluctuated thereafter. Bulk density significantly decreased with tailings age. Texture and EC did not significantly vary with dump age. Slope position (relief) had significant effect (p < 0.05) on total N, available P, and EC. Available P and EC increased from the dump top to the base while total N fluctuated. Total N significantly decreased with depth and was highest in the 0-5 cm layer. The interactive effect of dump age and slope position was significant for EC only. A PCA based on all measured parameters showed higher similarity of the older dumps (82-110-years) to the two reference sites. Overall, the results suggest that more than 110 years are required for macronutrients on gold mine tailings to matc

关键词： Pharmaceutical cocrystals   Cocrystal engineering   Physicochemical properties   Solid dosage forms   Crystallization  

摘要： Pharmaceutical cocrystals are multicomponent systems in which at least one component is an active pharmaceutical ingredient and the others are pharmaceutically acceptable *** of a drug substance with a coformer is a promising and emerging approach to improve the performance of pharmaceuticals,such as solubility,dissolution profile,pharmacokinetics and *** review article presents a comprehensive overview of pharmaceutical cocrystals,including preparation methods,physicochemical properties,and ***,some examples of drug cocrystals are highlighted to illustrate the effect of crystal structures on the various aspects of active pharmaceutical ingredients,such as physical stability,chemical stability,mechanical properties,optical properties,bioavailability,sustained release and therapeutic *** review will provide guidance for more efficient design and manufacture of pharmaceutical cocrystals with desired physicochemical properties and applications.