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关键词： 孢粉素   花粉   孢子   微囊   药物载体  

摘要： 孢粉素是类聚乙烯醇链通过酯键和缩醛高度交联的天然生物高分子,构成花粉和孢子的外壁,能够抵抗物理、化学、生物腐蚀,堪称自然界最坚固的有机物,被誉为植物界的金刚石。孢粉素微囊(SEC)自然界来源丰富、生物相容性好、无免疫原性,表面含有丰富的羧基、羟基和酚基,能够功能化或者与其他纳米材料构建复合材料;其表面丰富的纳米孔道增加了材料的比表面积,有利于捕获癌细胞或目标生物分子。SEC独特的性质使其在药物载体、口服疫苗载体、影像诊断、生物传感、细胞生长支架、微反应器、微型机器人等方面得到广泛的应用。阐述了孢粉素的结构、物理化学性质、制备方法和功能化方面的研究进展,探讨了孢粉素的应用前景、存在的问题以及未来的发展方向。

关键词： Chloropicrin alternated with dazomet   Soil physicochemical properties   Soil-borne pathogens   Strawberry yield   Soil bacteria   Soil fungi  

摘要： Chloropicrin (Pic) and dazomet (DZ) are effective soil fumigants that are often used to reduce soil-borne pathogens that would otherwise reduce crop yield. As Pic is scheduled to be banned, we investigated whether its consumption could be halved by alternating it with DZ. We observed that Pic alternated with DZ increased the soil NH4+-N content by 28.74-47.07 times, increased available potassium content by 40.80%-46.81% and increased electrical conductivity by 39.23%-85.81%. It generally improved the soil's physicochemical properties. High-throughput DNA sequencing showed that Pic alternated with DZ changed the taxonomic diversity of bacteria and fungi by increasing the relative abundance of Bacillus and Firmicutes, and by decreasing Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Sphingomonas. Moreover, Pic alternated with DZ can inhibit key soil pathogens by more than 90% and significantly increased strawberry yield by 78.22%-116.12%. In terms of strawberry production, we recommend using DZ in the first year and Pic in the second year. Our results showed significant ecological benefit and yield benefit when Pic consumption was halved by alternating it with DZ.

关键词： 课程思政   物理化学   教学研究   思政教育  

摘要： 在高校专业课程教学中进行思政教育是时代的要求,旨在对大学生进行价值引领。在物理化学这样一门体例严谨、内容艰深的课程中开展思政教育具有一定的挑战性。文章从科学人文、艺术美育、文化传承与生态文明教育四方面挖掘物理化学课程的思政元素,并简要介绍课程思政教育的实现方式,且通过问卷调查分析学生对课程思政内容的兴趣与实施效果,以期为相关专业的课程思政建设提供借鉴。

关键词： Bioactive glass   Calcium phosphate cement   Composite   Compressive strength   Injectability   Alginate  

摘要： Calcium phosphate cements (CPC) have been widely investigated as bone substitutes, owing to their attractive features in terms of physicochemical and biocompatibility properties. However, the clinical applicability of this group of biomaterials is still critically limited by its poor strength and rheological properties in terms of injectability and cohesion. The present work aims to develop novel composite cement based on calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and bioactive glass (BG), associated with sodium alginate hydrogel (Alg). The composition, microstructure, setting, rheological, and mechanical properties of this composite cement were further investigated. Evaluation of setting properties showed that BG participates crucially in the setting reaction as a calcium and phosphate provider and serves as a setting accelerator. Thus, the setting time appears lower in these cements than in the reference CPC cement: it decreases from 75 to 42 min as the BG content increases from 10 to 25 wt% and is delayed from 42 to 73 min while the Alg amount augmented from 1 to 5 wt%. The rheological evaluation revealed that injectability was slightly improved with increasing BG content compared to the injectability of CPC, reaching a value close to 100% when combined with Alg hydrogel. The anti-washout property appeared to be weak for the CPC with or without BG, which are disintegrated in solution. The cohesiveness was significantly improved by introducing Alg hydrogel;furthermore, the addition of 5 wt% of alginate hydrogel induced an increase in the compressive strength about twice (7.2 MPa) higher than that of the reference CPC (4.0 MPa). According to the above findings, the addition of BG acts as a setting accelerator leading to a fast apatite formation, while the introduction of Alg hydrogel as a rheological promoting agent improves the injectability and cohesion. The combination of BG and Alg as additives increased the compressive strength compared to the reference cement.

关键词： 物理化学   互动   教学实践  

摘要： 课题组提出了一种适合物理化学研讨课教学的模式——互动式教学模式。在一个学期的互动式教学模式实践中,课题组对学生进行了针对性辅导。实践结果表明,在互动式教学模式的体验下,绝大多数学生提高了对物理化学的学习兴趣,增加了课堂的互动性与趣味性,具有广泛的推广价值。

关键词： 物理化学   教学资料   教学反思   课堂教学   教学评价  

摘要： 大学物理化学是一门与环境保护息息相关的基础自然学科。物理化学教学与贯彻《河北省生态环境保护条例》相结合,应从教学资料、教学反思、课堂教学、教学评价等角度对物理化学课程进行改革,以培养具有环保理念的高科技复合型人才。

关键词： 新工科   微改革   物理化学  

摘要： 本文论述了在新工科理念的背景下,依据黄淮学院的人才培养目标,结合该专业特色需求以及课程特点和问题,从微改革的角度对物理化学课程进行的相关改革,总结了在物理化学教学中的一些创新性改革措施,如教学内容、教学方式方法和考核方式等。实践表明:课程体系的微改革切实取得了良好的教学效果,既提高了学生学习兴趣,培养了学生创新能力,又提高了学生综合素质,也为推进化工专业课程教学改革提供借鉴。

关键词： Anthocyanin   Silk fibroin peptide   Nanocomposite   Static interaction   Physicochemical stabilities  

摘要： Applications of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) are limited due to the poor stabilities. In this work, we proposed using silk fibroin peptide (SFP) to bind with C3G and form nanocomposites (134.73 ? 4.51 nm) for stabilization. When interacted with C3G, the fluorescence of SFP contributed by tyrosine and phenylalanine amino acids was quenched, which was proved a static quenching with the ?-sheet structure of SFP unchanged. With the further exploration of the physicochemical stabilities of C3G in the nanocomposites, we demonstrated that the tolerance of C3G to the alkaline environment and the retention ratio of C3G in various concentrations of metallic ion Cu2+ were significantly improved. In addition, the heat resistance of C3G in SFP at 80 ?C was also enhanced with up to an increase of 2.5 times for the average half-life of C3G. Our results shed light on SFP could enhance physicochemical stabilities of C3G with maintaining its antioxidant activity.

关键词： 育人为本   课程思政   物理化学   学科基础课   思想政治教育  

摘要： 《物理化学》课程是我校化学与环境工程学院大二学生开设的学科基础课。在物理化学教学中以专业知识为主体地位,坚持育人为本,开展课程思政。对物理化学专业知识进行深入挖掘,培养学生分析问题和解决问题的思维方法。对学生适时进行思想政治教育,引导大学生树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。培养具有工匠精神的化工专业人才。

关键词： Grape seed power   Wheat   Gluten   Physicochemical properties   Molecular interaction   Structure  

摘要： Noodles were prepared using wheat flour supplemented with 1%, 3%, and 5% grape seed power (GSP). The farinograph properties of wheat flour, the textural properties of the dough, and thermal properties of the gluten were determined. The microstructure was analyzed by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy, and the effects of the addition of GSP on the physicochemical and structural properties (free sulfhydryl content, surface hydrophobic region, and secondary structure) of wheat gluten protein were analyzed. 1% GSP promoted the aggregation of gluten proteins by promoting hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, thus enhanced the noodle quality. Whereas, 3% and 5% GSP addition disrupted the disulfide bonds between gluten protein molecules and formed macromolecular aggregates linked to gluten proteins through non-covalent bonds and hydrophobic interactions, which prevented the formation of the gluten protein reticulation structure. Our study emphasized the interaction between wheat proteins and GSP in noodle making dough.