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关键词： 物理化学   教学模式   微课程   虚拟实验  

摘要： 近年来,随着信息技术和互联网的迅速发展,以及移动学习和在线教育的迅速发展。物理化学实验课作为化学、化工类专业学生的必修课程,其学科特点是知识点比较抽象、实验涉及很多大型分析仪器的使用。随着学习者学习需求的不断变化,传统的实验教学模式不能达到良好的教学效果,因此迫切需要借助现代化的信息技术和手段弥补传统实验的不足。将虚拟实验微课程引入到物理化学实验课程教学过程中,采用一体化、研究式、开放式、渐进式、个性化自主式和混合式教学模式,运用多样化的教学手段,提高教学效果,培养学生创新实践能力、自主学习能力以及使其形成良好的科学素养。

关键词： Nanocomposite   Photocatalyst   Titanium dioxide   Folic acid   Antibacterial property  

摘要： In different industries, the manufacturing of antibacterial packaging is an important challenge for researchers. The goal of this project is the fabrication of antibacterial nanocomposite (NC) films based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and titanium dioxide-folic acid (TiO2-FA) nanoparticles (NPs). Surface modification of TiO2 NPs was done with FA (as biosafe material) molecule and ultrasonic method. Various methods characterized the structure of the prepared PVA/TiO2-FA NC films. The thermogravimetric analysis displayed that the prepared PVA/TiO2-FA NC films had higher thermal stability than the neat PVA. Morphology study of the NC films showed that the TiO2-FA NPs with spherical shape had an excellent dispersion in the PVA matrices. PVA/TiO2-FA NC films had high absorption in Ultra-violet (UV)-A and UV-B regions. Also, the prepared NC film showed the lower permeability for oxygen gas compared with neat PVA. Furthermore, it was found that under UV radiation, the PVA/TiO2-FA NC films showed better antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

关键词： 物理化学   二硝酰胺铵   ADN   晶体表面   吸湿性   表面自由能   机械感度  

摘要： 为研究二硝酰胺铵(ADN)晶体的表面性质,通过理论模拟计算探究了ADN晶体重要晶面的阴阳离子暴露数目、粗糙度、电负性和表面自由能等,并探讨了其与晶体吸湿性之间的关系;分析了ADN的键长分布,探究了引发键密度和表面自由能的关系,计算了不同晶面的引发键能量,研究了不同晶面下机械感度的大小。结果表明,当ADN表面带负电性或者电中性时吸湿性较低,表明晶体表面暴露的阴阳离子与吸湿性有关,暴露的阴离子数目越多,吸湿性越低;从晶体表面结构性质可以得出,晶体表面越光滑,吸湿性越低,感度越低;表面自由能越大,吸湿性越强;晶面的引发键密度越小、引发键能量越低,机械感度越大。其中(020)和(100)晶面光滑程度较高,表面自由能较小,引发键密度和引发键能量较大,因此吸湿性和机械感度较低。

关键词： 物理化学实验   产教融合   教学改革   SPOC  

摘要： 校企合作及产教融合是提高人才培养质量的有效手段。针对目前物理化学实验教学过程中存在的主要问题,通过对物理化学实验“产教融合”教学的探讨,优化了实验教学内容,更新了教学方法和方式,完善了考核体系和学习成效的转化,从而夯实了学生的基础实验技能,培养了学生的严谨实验态度,激发了学生的持续学习热情,为培养具备较强社会适应性、理论应用能力和可持续发展能力的高素质应用型人才提供了一种途径。

关键词： 河湖污染   生态修复技术   富营养化   重金属污染  

摘要： 我国在经济发展初期并未注重对河流湖泊的保护,导致水资源遭到了极大的破坏。近几年,随着水处理技术及环境评价手段的逐步完善,污染问题有所改善,但依旧不容乐观。本文通过物理、化学、生物3个角度,列举了国内外学者对不同水体使用的修复技术,综合讨论了每种技术的优缺点并进行了一定程度的总结。另外结合了河湖修复技术领域的现状,对该领域的前景进行了一定的展望,旨在为我国河湖治理提供新思路。

关键词： 应用型   创新能力   人才培养   物理化学   教学探索  

摘要： 物理化学本身作为高等院校培养化学、化工、材料等高等专业人才的专业基础课程,具有多学科交叉和融合的特点。随着多学科交叉行业的快速发展,对物理化学方向人才培养需求和要求与日俱增,使得物理化学课程改革以培养应用型创新人才非常迫切。本文针对现状及存在问题,结合本单位的初步探索,从改革教学方式和手段、转变考核方式及加强教学科研相互渗透等方面开展物理化学课程改革,为课程教学改革与人才培养方面提供借鉴。

关键词： 原型启发   物理化学   创造性思维   同频共振  

摘要： 物理化学是用物理学的理论和实验方法,研究化学变化及其伴随的物理变化的本质与规律的科学。其理论、基本定律、公式的推导与应用抽象且逻辑性强,将原型启发理论应用于应用型本科物理化学的教学,教学中,根据教学内容,合理设计原型情景,灵活运用原型启发和类比,有助于学生对抽象理论的理解,培养学生的创造性思维,更有助于学生清楚的认识创造性的思维形成过程,为创造性思维的培养提供依据。

关键词： 熔盐   密度   黏度   电导率   旋转法  

摘要： 为进一步优化电解制备Al-Cu-Y合金的热、动力学条件,对AlF_(3)-(Li,Na)F-(Al_(2)O_(3)-Y_(2)O_(3))熔盐体系的密度、黏度及电导率变化规律进行研究。分别采用阿基米德法、连续变化电导池常数法和旋转法测定AlF_(3)-(Li,Na)F-(Al_(2)O_(3)-Y_(2)O_(3))熔盐体系在温度为900~1000℃范围内,n((Li,Na)F):n(AlF_(3))=2.5时的密度(ρ)、电导率(σ)、黏度(η)随温度和组分的变化规律,结果表明:在温度900~1000℃范围内,AlF_(3)-(Li,Na)F-(Al_(2)O_(3)-Y_(2)O_(3))体系中Al_(2)O_(3)和Y_(2)O_(3)的含量一定,密度—温度、黏度—温度和电导率—温度之间均呈线性关系。在温度为950℃条件下,熔盐体系的密度随Al_(2)O_(3)含量的增加而线性减小,随Y_(2)O_(3)含量的增加而线性增加;电导率随Y_(2)O_(3)或Al_(2)O_(3)含量的增加而线性减小;体系的黏度则随Y_(2)O_(3)或Al_(2)O_(3)含量的增加而线性增加。

关键词： Prunus mume   Fermentation   Maesil sugar syrup   Antioxidant activity   Physicochemical property  

摘要： This study focused on the effects of maturity, ripening, and fermentation time of the Prunus mume fruit (maesil in Korean) on the physicochemical, functional, and microbial properties of maesil sugar syrup during a 1-year fermentation period. All syrup samples exhibited pH values of 2.28-2.89 throughout the study. Soluble solid, moisture, and ash contents were 48.37-57.67 degrees Brix, 3.87-8.22%, and 0.25-2.22%, respectively. The pH values and moisture content did not fluctuate widely. The soluble solid content was nearly constant;in contrast, ash content, color values, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant potential increased with fermentation time. Results of microbial profiling revealed the absence of Escherichia coli and other bacteria in all sugar syrups. In contrast, yeast was detected in all samples, and the yeast count increased as fermentation proceeded. The most prominent change in yeast count, from 3.66 log CFU/mL to 5.41 log CFU/mL, was detected in unripe whole-maesil syrup. Aged whole-maesil syrup from unripe fruits also exhibited the highest antioxidant potential and total phenol (416.12 +/- 8.04 mu g/mL GAE) and flavonoid (140.49 +/- 1.45 mu g/mL QE) contents. These findings indicate that aged whole-maesil syrup from unripe fruits had desirable functional properties, which improved with fermentation time.

关键词： Goat milk whey protein   Enzymatic hydrolysates   Characterization   Physicochemical properties   Hypoglycemic activity  

摘要： Goat milk whey protein (WP) hydrolyses have attracted much attention due to their variety of biological activities. In this study, the potential hypoglycemic activity of WP was predicted by in silico analysis, and the types of proteases with stronger hypoglycemic activity were selected based on these results. The impact of enzymatic hydrolysis by seven types of proteases (alcalase, neutrase, trypsin, bromelain, pepsin, papain, and proteinase K) on the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of WP was evaluated. Meanwhile, the physicochemical, structure, and emulsifying properties of WP and its hydrolysates were also investigated. The hypoglycemic activities were verified by the inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), alpha-glucosidase, and alpha-amylase activity. Results demonstrated alcalase hydrolysates exhibited the highest DH value (35.54 +/- 0.53%) and lower molecular weight. The average particle size, zeta-potential, and emulsifying properties of the seven protease hydrolysates were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared with WP. Furthermore, the intrinsic fluorescence intensity of the seven protein hydrolysates red-shifted. In addition, the hydrolysate activity of alcalase and papain showed higher inhibition of alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase activity, and DPP-IV. These results suggest that WP hydrolysate could be a natural hypoglycemic food supplement.