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关键词： 物理化学实验   产教融合   教学改革   SPOC  

摘要： 校企合作及产教融合是提高人才培养质量的有效手段。针对目前物理化学实验教学过程中存在的主要问题,通过对物理化学实验“产教融合”教学的探讨,优化了实验教学内容,更新了教学方法和方式,完善了考核体系和学习成效的转化,从而夯实了学生的基础实验技能,培养了学生的严谨实验态度,激发了学生的持续学习热情,为培养具备较强社会适应性、理论应用能力和可持续发展能力的高素质应用型人才提供了一种途径。

关键词： 河湖污染   生态修复技术   富营养化   重金属污染  

摘要： 我国在经济发展初期并未注重对河流湖泊的保护,导致水资源遭到了极大的破坏。近几年,随着水处理技术及环境评价手段的逐步完善,污染问题有所改善,但依旧不容乐观。本文通过物理、化学、生物3个角度,列举了国内外学者对不同水体使用的修复技术,综合讨论了每种技术的优缺点并进行了一定程度的总结。另外结合了河湖修复技术领域的现状,对该领域的前景进行了一定的展望,旨在为我国河湖治理提供新思路。

关键词： 应用型   创新能力   人才培养   物理化学   教学探索  

摘要： 物理化学本身作为高等院校培养化学、化工、材料等高等专业人才的专业基础课程,具有多学科交叉和融合的特点。随着多学科交叉行业的快速发展,对物理化学方向人才培养需求和要求与日俱增,使得物理化学课程改革以培养应用型创新人才非常迫切。本文针对现状及存在问题,结合本单位的初步探索,从改革教学方式和手段、转变考核方式及加强教学科研相互渗透等方面开展物理化学课程改革,为课程教学改革与人才培养方面提供借鉴。

关键词： 原型启发   物理化学   创造性思维   同频共振  

摘要： 物理化学是用物理学的理论和实验方法,研究化学变化及其伴随的物理变化的本质与规律的科学。其理论、基本定律、公式的推导与应用抽象且逻辑性强,将原型启发理论应用于应用型本科物理化学的教学,教学中,根据教学内容,合理设计原型情景,灵活运用原型启发和类比,有助于学生对抽象理论的理解,培养学生的创造性思维,更有助于学生清楚的认识创造性的思维形成过程,为创造性思维的培养提供依据。

关键词： 熔盐   密度   黏度   电导率   旋转法  

摘要： 为进一步优化电解制备Al-Cu-Y合金的热、动力学条件,对AlF_(3)-(Li,Na)F-(Al_(2)O_(3)-Y_(2)O_(3))熔盐体系的密度、黏度及电导率变化规律进行研究。分别采用阿基米德法、连续变化电导池常数法和旋转法测定AlF_(3)-(Li,Na)F-(Al_(2)O_(3)-Y_(2)O_(3))熔盐体系在温度为900~1000℃范围内,n((Li,Na)F):n(AlF_(3))=2.5时的密度(ρ)、电导率(σ)、黏度(η)随温度和组分的变化规律,结果表明:在温度900~1000℃范围内,AlF_(3)-(Li,Na)F-(Al_(2)O_(3)-Y_(2)O_(3))体系中Al_(2)O_(3)和Y_(2)O_(3)的含量一定,密度—温度、黏度—温度和电导率—温度之间均呈线性关系。在温度为950℃条件下,熔盐体系的密度随Al_(2)O_(3)含量的增加而线性减小,随Y_(2)O_(3)含量的增加而线性增加;电导率随Y_(2)O_(3)或Al_(2)O_(3)含量的增加而线性减小;体系的黏度则随Y_(2)O_(3)或Al_(2)O_(3)含量的增加而线性增加。

关键词： Prunus mume   Fermentation   Maesil sugar syrup   Antioxidant activity   Physicochemical property  

摘要： This study focused on the effects of maturity, ripening, and fermentation time of the Prunus mume fruit (maesil in Korean) on the physicochemical, functional, and microbial properties of maesil sugar syrup during a 1-year fermentation period. All syrup samples exhibited pH values of 2.28-2.89 throughout the study. Soluble solid, moisture, and ash contents were 48.37-57.67 degrees Brix, 3.87-8.22%, and 0.25-2.22%, respectively. The pH values and moisture content did not fluctuate widely. The soluble solid content was nearly constant;in contrast, ash content, color values, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant potential increased with fermentation time. Results of microbial profiling revealed the absence of Escherichia coli and other bacteria in all sugar syrups. In contrast, yeast was detected in all samples, and the yeast count increased as fermentation proceeded. The most prominent change in yeast count, from 3.66 log CFU/mL to 5.41 log CFU/mL, was detected in unripe whole-maesil syrup. Aged whole-maesil syrup from unripe fruits also exhibited the highest antioxidant potential and total phenol (416.12 +/- 8.04 mu g/mL GAE) and flavonoid (140.49 +/- 1.45 mu g/mL QE) contents. These findings indicate that aged whole-maesil syrup from unripe fruits had desirable functional properties, which improved with fermentation time.

关键词： Goat milk whey protein   Enzymatic hydrolysates   Characterization   Physicochemical properties   Hypoglycemic activity  

摘要： Goat milk whey protein (WP) hydrolyses have attracted much attention due to their variety of biological activities. In this study, the potential hypoglycemic activity of WP was predicted by in silico analysis, and the types of proteases with stronger hypoglycemic activity were selected based on these results. The impact of enzymatic hydrolysis by seven types of proteases (alcalase, neutrase, trypsin, bromelain, pepsin, papain, and proteinase K) on the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of WP was evaluated. Meanwhile, the physicochemical, structure, and emulsifying properties of WP and its hydrolysates were also investigated. The hypoglycemic activities were verified by the inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), alpha-glucosidase, and alpha-amylase activity. Results demonstrated alcalase hydrolysates exhibited the highest DH value (35.54 +/- 0.53%) and lower molecular weight. The average particle size, zeta-potential, and emulsifying properties of the seven protease hydrolysates were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared with WP. Furthermore, the intrinsic fluorescence intensity of the seven protein hydrolysates red-shifted. In addition, the hydrolysate activity of alcalase and papain showed higher inhibition of alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase activity, and DPP-IV. These results suggest that WP hydrolysate could be a natural hypoglycemic food supplement.

关键词： 物理化学   热塑性推进剂   聚氨酯热熔胶   流变性能   黏流活化能   增塑剂  

摘要： 以聚氨酯热熔胶、铝粉和高氯酸铵组成的复合固体推进剂为研究对象,首先通过压延物理混合方法制备了复合固体推进剂,采用SEM和EDS方法对其形貌和组分分布进行了表征,测试了其力学性能、密度和机械感度。为深入了解聚氨酯热熔胶基复合推进剂的流变性能,进一步使用哈克流变仪(HAAKE MARS)研究了增塑剂、剪切速率和温度对其黏度的影响。结果表明,聚氨酯热熔胶基热塑性复合推进剂为假塑性流体,符合Ostwald-de Wale模型。与纯热熔胶体系相比,加入增塑剂的聚氨酯热熔胶基热塑性复合推进剂的高温黏度由4×10^(6) Pa·s降至1.5×10^(6) Pa·s,黏流活化能由41.53 kJ/mol降至28.57 kJ/mol。此外,聚氨酯热熔胶基热塑性推进剂随温度升高和剪切速率的增加其黏度逐渐减小,纯热熔胶基推进剂的黏流活化能随剪切速率的增加由41.53 kJ/mol降至31.20 kJ/mol。

关键词： Essential oils   Microencapsulation   Gamma and X-ray irradiation   Dry fermented sausage   Microbiological and physicochemical properties  

摘要： Essential oils (EOs) or EOs encapsulated in alginate and alginate-cellulose nanocrystal combined with 1.5 kGy X-ray (0.76 kGy/h) or gamma-ray (6.37 kGy/h) irradiation were applied on dry fermented sausages (DFS). Microbio-logical quality was tested in terms of the reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 cocktail, Listeria monocytogenes, molds and yeasts, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and total mesophilic bacteria (TMF) during storage at room temperature (20 +/- 1 degrees C) for 8 weeks. Physicochemical quality was tested by following the changes of texture and color of sausages. Synergistic effects were observed with combined treatments with gamma-irradiation on inhibiting E. coli O157:H7 cocktail and LAB and with X-ray on inhibiting E. coli O157:H7 cocktail. Extensive inhibition of L. monocytogenes, molds and yeasts, and TMF was also noticed during storage. Antimicrobial formulations combined with gamma-irradiation did not show adverse effects on texture and color of sausages while treatment with X-ray resulted in the reduction of redness and increase of hardness. However, the differences of texture were eliminated during storage.

关键词： 本科教育   课程思政   教学改革   物理化学  

摘要： 详细梳理分析高校专业课课程思政的背景、原则和元素,提出专业课开展课程思政是基于新形势下意识形态领域斗争、完成我国新时代历史任务、新时代大学生个人发展三个需求,应遵循融合性、精简化、有效性三个基本原则,主要元素可梳理为人生观价值观、理想信念、民族精神、时代精神、道德修养、法治素养六个基本元素。针对物理化学课程总结部分思政元素实例,可以为其他专业课开展课程思政提供理论和实践参考。