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关键词： 工程水文学   教学体系   改革  

摘要： 在高等教育中,科研与教学是密不可分的关系,高校教师要想提高教学效果,就必须在教学过程中融入自己的科研成果。工程水文学作为土木和水利工程专业的必修课之一,以这门基础课程为立足点,通过对科研在教学改革中作用的分析,从而就如何利用科研推动工程水文学改革展开研究。

关键词： 生态水利工程   生态水文学   工程水文学  

摘要： 生态水利工程的发展构建主要的任务是生态,即在传统水利工程的基础之上兼顾生态修复相,对于以往传统的水利工程建设,生态水利工程符合了生态系统的可持续发展需求,构建了传统水利工程和现代生态学的有机结合。

关键词： 水文学   教学方法   调研报告   卓越工程师  

摘要： 针对卓越工程师培养目标下的专业基础理论课学时缩短现状,为了提高《水文学》课程的教学质量,本文对课程的教学方法进行了初步探索改革研究,提出了四种切实可行的教学方法。同时围绕调研报告和网络辅助教学平台,通过对河流和事件案例分析,将理论教学与实践工程结合,激发了学生的学习兴趣,提高了教学效果,以期实现培养高素质的工程型人才的目标。

关键词： 工程水文学   水文学   美国  

摘要： 文章基于密歇根州立大学***教授,阿拉巴马大学Bob Pitt教授,科罗拉多州立大学Jorge A.R amirez教授,德克萨斯州大学奥斯汀分校Daene *** Kinney教授、David ***教授,德州农工大学Tony Cahill教授,北卡罗莱纳州立大学Sankar Arumugam教授"工程水文学"和"水文学"教学资料的基础上,分析了美国大学"工程水文学"与"水文学"教学内容、环节与方法,并提出改革我国现有"工程水文学"课程的建议。

关键词： climate change   EURO-CORDEX   hydro-climatic projections   catchment selection  

摘要： This paper presents the background, objectives, and preliminary outcomes from the first year of activities of the Polish-Norwegian project CHIHE (Climate Change Impact on Hydrological Extremes). The project aims to estimate the influence of climate changes on extreme river flows (low and high) and to evaluate the impact on the frequency of occurrence of hydrological extremes. Eight "twinned" catchments in Poland and Norway serve as case studies. We present the procedures of the catchment selection applied in Norway and Poland and a database consisting of near-natural ten Polish and eight Norwegian catchments constructed for the purpose of climate impact assessment. Climate projections for selected catchments are described and compared with observations of temperature and precipitation available for the reference period. Future changes based on those projections are analysed and assessed for two periods, the near future (2021-2050) and the far-future (2071-2100). The results indicate increases in precipitation and temperature in the periods and regions studied both in Poland and Norway.

关键词： 应用型   工程水文学   教学方法   工程意识   水利水电工程  

摘要： 随着科技发展对多元化人才的需求,高等教育在培养目标、培养方式等方面也在逐渐面向多元化发展。针对应用型本科院校的特点,应用型本科院校应培养生产、管理、服务一线的高素质技术应用型人才,结合水利水电工程专业必修课《工程水文学》的教学内容,从优化教学内容、改革教学方法、提高学生工程意识等方面对教学过程进行了探讨,提出了提高课程教学质量、进一步培养适合水利工程应用型科技人才的具体措施。

关键词： 工程水文学   水文径流序列   变异诊断   滑动相关系数法   渭河流域  

摘要： 为了认识水文序列变异的特征,必须对水文序列的变异性进行诊断和识别,即是否有变异,何处开始发生变异。通过对常规水文序列变异诊断方法的研究比较,提出了基于滑动相关系数法的流域径流变异诊断的方法;采用年降水与年径流序列、支流与干流径流序列、干流上下游径流序列3种方式对渭河流域进行了滑动相关系数变异诊断,得到了1995年为渭河流域径流序列变异点的结论。对渭河流域及其下游的黄河干流调查发现,三门峡水库的两次改建致使潼关高程变幅很大,到1992年汛前,比建库前抬高了5.0 m。在此影响下,主槽严重淤积萎缩,1993-1995年的3 a里,就发生数十次小流量、高水位高含沙洪水。这表明渭河流域地表过水能力减弱,下渗量和蒸发量相对增加,实际径流量相对减少。

关键词： Water productivity   Transpiration efficiency   Water use   Water consumption  

摘要： In water-scarce environments, water conservation is a means to increase agricultural production and preserve the environment. Water conservation can be approached at different scales with different objectives. Water productivity (the ratio between crop production and water use or water consumption) is increased by reducing non-beneficial use and by regulating water applications as to reduce transpiration in smaller proportion than yield. Water productivity can also be modified through other agronomical practices and breeding. The consumptive use coefficient (consumptive use to supply ratio) can be enhanced through various engineering solutions that reduce the use of irrigation water and energy although they do not necessarily reduce consumptive use. Therefore, engineering solutions for water conservation at farm level do not imply basin-scale water conservation. However, agronomical solutions such as regulated deficit irrigation are directly linked to basin water conservation because they goal is to reduce transpiration with little or no yield penalty. Optimising water productivity is a plausible goal in some situations;however, in others it clashes with profit maximization, food production and food security. Concerning breeding, past evidence shows that except for very harsh environments, selection for greater transpiration efficiency, evaluated physiologically as the ratio of photosynthetic assimilation versus transpiration or indirectly through the stable carbon isotope signature of plant dry matter, may have a negative effect by limiting yield potential as well as productivity under a wide range of water stress conditions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

ISBN: (纸本)9787517042303

关键词： HYDROLOGY   CLIMATIC changes   PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)   SIMULATION methods & models   MEDICAL research  

摘要： As the water source area for the middle route of China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the upper Hanjiang basin is of central concern for future management of the country's water resources. The upper Hanjiang is also one of the most flood-prone rivers in China. This paper explores the process of extreme floods by using multivariate analysis to characterize flood and precipitation event data in combination, for historical data and simulated data from global climate models. The results suggested that the generalized extreme value and Gamma-models better simulated the extreme precipitation and flood volume sequence than the generalized Pareto model for the annual maximum series, while the generalized Pareto distribution model was the best-fit model for peaks over threshold series. For the two-dimensional joint distributions of precipitation and flood volume, the Frank Copula was preferred in simulation of the annual maximum flood series whereas the Gumbel Copula was the most appropriate function to simulate the points over threshold flood series. We concluded that, compared with the traditional univariate approach, multivariate statistical analysis produced flood estimates that were more physically based and statistically sound and carried lower risk for flood design purposes.