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关键词： Hydrological regime   Waterbird conservation   Water project   Wetland management   Yangtze  

摘要： Quantifying the relationship between hydrological regime and habitat availability is the first step to predict potential impacts of water engineering projects on waterbirds, particularly in periodically flooded wetlands. The proposed Yangtze-to-Huaihe Water Diversion Project (YHWD) cuts through Caizi Lake, which is of international importance for wintering waterbirds. In order to explore the potential impacts of the project on habitat availability for the wintering waterbirds, we first built linear models to fit relationships between land cover patterns and water level dynamics in the lake, and then used generalized linear mixed models to test effects of habitat variables (water area, grassland area and mudflat area) on bird abundances of different functional groups. The avian habitat use differed among guilds, and was correlated with the land cover pattern, which was strongly dependent on seasonal water level fluctuations. Following water recession in autumn, the exposure of riparian habitats was more prominent in the eastern part of the lake, where the channel of the proposed YHWD project is located. This part of the lake is also where we located most of the important bird areas. Compared to the current situation, 54.3% of the grassland and 60.5% of the mudflats are predicted to be lost during winter due to the projected water level rise, resulting in reduced habitat availability for grass foragers, invertebrate eaters and tuber feeders. In order to mitigate potential impacts of the YHWD project, we suggest habitat compensations by construction of artificial habitats, and maintenance of water level regime at the whole lake by restoring similarity in water level fluctuations between Xizi Lake and Caizi Lake.

关键词： 研究型教学   《工程水文学》   设计洪水  

摘要： 为了充分调动学生在课堂中的积极性和主动性,提高学习效果,文章以“由流量资料推求设计洪水”为例,在《工程水文学》中开展了研究型教学的探讨,按照“提出问题—分析问题—总结结论”的思路进行教学方案的实施。课前“提出问题”有助于学生进行充分的准备,课堂“分析问题”能够引导学生进行知识点的梳理,课后“总结结论”对提高教学效果有重要作用。

关键词： 工程水文学   高等职业教育   教材   水利计算  

ISBN: (纸本)9787517078845

摘要： 本教材是根据水利工程专业职业教育人才培养方案和教学大纲，采取校企合作方式，由职业院校教师牵头，组织相关企业单位工程技术人员共同编制的实用性教材，主要介绍工程水文与水利计算的基本理论和方法。具体内容包括：绪论、径流形成、水文信息采集与处理、水文统计、设计径流分析计算、设计洪水分析计算、水文预报、水库特性、水库兴利调节计算、水库防洪调节计算等内容。本教材理论知识全面，深度适中，与实践结合性强，既可作为高职院校水利类专业的教材使用，也可作为相关专业的教学参考书，还可供水利相关专业技术人员参考使用。

关键词： 地方高校   工程水文学课程   应用型人才  

摘要： 文章首先阐述了新时代地方高校的教学与培养目标,然后分析了铜仁学院工程水文学课程存在的问题,最后提出了新时代地方高校工程水文学课程教学改革路径,包括明确教学目标,针对性教学;增加实践教学环节;优化教学手段;改进考核方式。

关键词： 水利计算   高等学校   教材   工程水文学  

ISBN: (纸本)9787517078029

摘要： 本书为高等学校农业水利工程专业通用教材。全书共十五章，主要内容包括：水循环及径流形成、水文资料收集与处理、水文统计的基本知识、设计年径流的分析计算、由流量资料推求设计洪水、流域产流与汇流计算、由暴雨资料推求设计洪水、水文预报、河流水质及河流泥沙、水文模型、径流调节的基本概念、水库的兴利调节计算、小型水电站水能计算、水库防洪计算等。

关键词： Physical geography   hydrology   active learning   student-centred teaching  

摘要： Hydrology teaching deals with processes happening outside the classroom, which calls for active-learning methods to complement lectures. In a geography undergraduate course, new teaching methods and assessment were designed, in which students investigated a river of their choice by completing homework tasks and presenting their results on a poster. During a 3-year implementation process, the changes were evaluated using a combination of formal and informal student and lecturer feedback. Students mentioned that they enjoyed doing the project and that it helped their understanding of theory, their research skills, and their ability to select, organize and present information. Questionnaire results showed that, over the implementation period, students' perceived value of homework increased strongly, while their perceived value of lectures remained high. In informal feedback, students noted that they enjoyed learning about where they live, preferred doing the projects individually and seeing each other's projects, and spent more time on the coursework when assessed. When looking back in interviews, students commented that the projects had prepared them well for their dissertation and summer job. The advantage of using homework-based projects complementing lectures is the strong link between theory and practice, which could be further enhanced by discussing the homework in the lectures.

关键词： 工程教育认证   水文学   教学改革   给排水科学与工程  

摘要： 高校传统的人才培养模式使学生普遍缺乏工程实践和创新能力,与企业的实际需求存在较大差异,对此,通过工程教育专业认证提高教学质量是一个有效的解决途径。本文以榆林学院给排水科学与工程专业的"水文学"课程教学为例,分析目前的教学现状及存在的问题,探讨工程教育专业认证背景下新的教学模式。该模式从用多样的教学形式激发学生学习兴趣、合理选择教学内容、增加实习教学环节、增设计算机实验项目、开设大学生创新创业训练计划项目等五个方面进行改革与实践,激发学生的学习兴趣,提高了教学质量,可为其他课程的教学改革提供参考。

关键词： 应用型本科院校   工程水文学   教学方法   教学手段  

摘要： 如何在应用型本科院校讲授好、学习好工程水文学这门课程一直是值得探讨的问题。文章针对工程水文学课程教学中发现的若干问题,结合应用型本科院校的办学定位,对该门课程的教学目标、教学方法、教学手段等开展研究。教学实践证明灵活采用多种教学方法、师生多维互动等方式,有助于提高学生学习的积极性与自主性,达到较好的教学效果。

关键词： Soluble rock   Subsidence   Karst   Chuniespoort group   Ghaap group   Sinkhole  

摘要： Large parts of the urban land between Pretoria (City of Tshwane Municipality, South Africa's capital city) and Johannesburg (South Africa's largest city) are situated on Proterozoic dolomites of the Malmani Subgroup (Chuniespoort Group, Transvaal Supergroup) formed in the Transvaal Basin. As South Africa's economic hub, development is progressively becoming denser, higher, and deeper underground, increasing the risks posed by surface subsidence and sinkholes. Tshwane also sources more than 40 million liters of drinking water per day (5-8% of requirements) from the dolomite aquifers. A second basin comprising the Ghaap Group is found to the more arid western portions of the country. Even though a fair understanding exists with respect to the karst aquifer hydraulics and the surface stability issues, a distinct knowledge gap exists in the karst vadose zone. Recent research efforts focused on vadose zone hydrology has resulted in a significantly improved understanding of the behaviour of variable saturated soil and fractured rock systems, both at discreet localities and on a regional scale. However, with more than 90% of the sinkholes in this region forming due to water ingress from leaking pipelines (especially given that the latter non-revenue water is estimated in the order of 30% of the reticulated supply), the flow mechanisms, and unsaturated or vadose zone behaviour of the karst system becomes increasingly important. The ingress scenario results in downward erosion of soil (chert rubble, residual dolomite, transported soil or other residual products of younger caprock) with percolating water. The high lithological variability in South African karst adds to the uncertainty, and is related to chert abundance, the presence of residual dolomite (wad), subsurface cavities (receptacles) and so forth contributing to the heterogeneity and anisotropy. The review paper presents state-of-the-science on the karst vadose zone, including recent advances, appropriate geological

关键词： 古代水文   工程水文学   水文模型   新安江模型   设计洪水  

摘要： 17世纪前,中国先祖对水文现象的观察和对水文循环的理解都处于同时代的世界领先水平。在定量水文学时期,由于未能及时注重并吸取促使科学快速发展的实验范式和理论范式,水文学在中国失去了与世界同步发展的机会。1949年以后,随着中国经济社会的蓬勃发展,特别是大规模水利建设和现代生态文明建设的驱动,在日新月异的现代科技支撑下,中国水文学不仅基本上实现了与世界同步发展,而且在流域水文模型、设计洪水理论和方法等领域取得了一些创新成果。当今正值深度信息化、大数据和智能化时代,仿真范式和数据密集范式正在引发新的科技革命,水文学的发展也进入佳境。未来水文学将是物理水文学、随机水文学、仿真水文学和数据水文学互相补充、融合发展的水文学,其对经济社会发展的支撑作用将会更加凸现。