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ISBN: (纸本)7114056389

关键词： HYDROLOGY   GROUNDWATER   GEODYNAMICS   GEOPHYSICS   EARTH sciences  

摘要： We first quantify the influence of aquifers on gravity variations by considering local, regional and continental scales. We show that locally only the direct attraction of the underlying aquifer has to be taken into account. At continental (or global scales), the underground water masses act by direct attraction (due to the earth curvature), loading flexure and potential redistribution. We show that at the intermediate regional scale (saying a few kilometres to a few hundreds of kilometres), groundwater contributions can be neglected in practice. Afterwards, we illustrate the difficulties in tackling the local hydrological context by studying comparatively the geological and hydrogeological surroundings of three European Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) superconducting gravimeter stations (Strasbourg, Moxa, and Vienna). Finally, it appears clearly that hydrological variability and cycle characterisations constitute the up-to-date challenge while studying gravity variations in a large spectral range. That is why, gravity is used to quantify hydrological transfers, and overall when seeking for small signals from the Earth's deep interior or other environmental signals (atmosphere, oceans) where groundwater influence can be seen as a disturbance. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 南盘江流域   暴雨洪水   工程水文学   水情预报   泥石流   滑坡  

摘要： 南盘江流域在夏季由暴雨、山洪所导致的泥石流、滑坡、洪水、泥沙及浮渣等,对天生桥一级水电站的安全运行相当不利。文章通过对1961～2000年共40年的暴雨洪水分析,掌握了产生南盘江大、中洪水的物理机制及天气系统,以提高水情预报能力,更好地为防汛服务。

关键词： 专业选修课教学   工科院校   本科   创新能力   学习兴趣   教学模式   工程水文学  

摘要： 工科院校本科生专业选修课是目前重基础、宽口径培养方案中重要的组成部分,课程的目的不仅是使学生掌握专业相关的必要知识,更重要的是使学生在选修课的学习过程中得到创新能力的培养.为了达到这一目的,教学中需要激发学生的学习兴趣,明确学科的学习目的,综合所学知识解决问题,而不是被动接受已有的答案.这样的教学是过程性教学而不是结论性教学.通过这样的学习过程,学生得到的不仅仅是前人早已研究过的、已成定式的结果,而且是解决问题的创造性方法.这就需要在选修课教学中贯穿培养学生创新能力的教学理念,改革不适应社会需要的教学模式.

关键词： 工程水文学   中长期水文预报   水文要素   预报方法  

摘要： 由于影响水文要素的各种因素十分复杂,中长期水文预报方法目前尚不够成熟,因此在做中长期水文预测时必须参考诸多因素,采用多种方法综合分析、合理取值;并应结合当地实际不断积累经验,进一步探讨中长期水文预报方法,以提高水文要素长期预报的精度。

ISBN: (纸本)7810578898

ISBN: (纸本)7562429790

关键词： Water resources development   Arid regions   Ebro River Delta (Spain)  

摘要： In many and countries water project planning has undergone significant changes over the past 20 years. This re-evaluation has been motivated by the shortcomings of the traditional 'supply' approach to water project development and the differences between the planned project outcomes and the actual results. The response has been for projects whose water was allocated and priced using the traditional methods to restructure their water allocation and pricing to accommodate changing demands for water and evolving environmental preferences. The transfers proposed under the Spanish National Hydrological Plan are compared to water projects in other arid countries.

关键词： 工程水文学   喀斯特地区   水资源特征   贵州省  

摘要： 在分析贵州省水资源主要特征(年径流、洪水、枯水特性)的基础上,初步研究了喀斯特对年径流特性、洪水特性、枯水特性的影响,研究表明喀斯特对中小河流水文规律的影响显著,地表径流与地下径流的关系复杂,但对大河流水文规律的影响相对要小得多。

关键词： 工程水文学   挑流消能   水流流态   气囊产生成因   茶园水库  

摘要： 在一般的挑流消能设计过程中,往往只注重水舌的挑距及冲坑的深度,而往往忽略了上游边界条件对进水水流的流态影响。本文结合茶园水库工程水工模型试验,对大流量挑流泄洪时上游库内水面形成的弧形紊流带的成因进行了分析,井重点研究了消除弧形紊流的方案,确保了工程的运行安全。