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关键词： climate change   tropical hydrological cycle   Hadley circulation   precipitation   radiation   cloudiness  

摘要： Scores of modeling studies have shown that increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere impact the global hydrologic cycle;however, disagreements on regional scales are large, and thus the simulated trends of such impacts, even for regions as large as the tropics, remain uncertain. The present investigation attempts to examine such trends in the observations using satellite data products comprising Global Precipitation Climatology Project precipitation and International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project cloud and radiation. Specifically, evolving trends of the tropical hydrological cycle over the last 20-30 years were identified and analyzed. The results show (1) intensification of tropical precipitation in the rising regions of the Walker and Hadley circulations and weakening over the sinking regions of the associated overturning circulation;(2) poleward shift of the subtropical dry zones (up to 2 degrees decade(-1) in June-July-August (JJA) in the Northern Hemisphere and 0.3-0.7 degrees decade(-1) in June-July-August and September-October-November in the Southern Hemisphere) consistent with an overall broadening of the Hadley circulation;and (3) significant poleward migration (0.9-1.7 degrees decade(-1)) of cloud boundaries of Hadley cell and plausible narrowing of the high cloudiness in the Intertropical Convergence Zone region in some seasons. These results support findings of some of the previous studies that showed strengthening of the tropical hydrological cycle and expansion of the Hadley cell that are potentially related to the recent global warming trends.

关键词： 工程水文学   设计洪水   调蓄影响   喀斯特   伏流   麻沙河新桥水电站  

摘要： 在河道治理、防洪规划和评价、水利水电工程设计中需要进行设计洪水分析,设计洪水计算通常采用流量法、雨洪法和地区综合法等。贵州省是我国典型的喀斯特地貌地区之一,在喀斯特特别发育地区,其伏流、暗河广泛分布,地表水、地下水明暗交替,且伏流、暗河具有明显的控泄滞洪作用,因此,合理确定设计洪水确保工程安全是非常重要的。本文以贵州省麻沙河新桥水电站为例进行设计洪水分析,旨在通过对新桥水电站设计洪水的初步分析来阐述受上游喀斯特调蓄影响下的设计洪水的推算。

关键词： 水文学及水资源工程   专业   教学改革   培养  

摘要： 根据《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》(2010-2020年)对提高高等教育人才培养质量的要求,针对我国水资源现状及存在的问题,深入分析了水文学和水资源学科发展趋势及需求的关键问题,提出了水文学及水资源工程专业教学改革的基本思路和方法。

关键词： 工程水文学   教学改革   教学方法手段  

摘要： 在参照国内外高校"工程水文学"课程教学内容体系和教学方法的基础上,结合学校实际情况,以培养"高素质,重实践"的创新性人才为目标,改革优化教学方法,提出"温故、启发领悟、知新、精炼总结"四环节课堂教学方法,采用"一条主线,多条辅线"教学手段,研究"四大模块"实践课程内容体系,健全本课程考核办法,以期不断深入教学改革、提高教学质量,调动学生学习积极性和主动性,培养具有创新能力的人才。

关键词： 研究型教学   工程水文学   教学方案  

摘要： 为充分调动学生课堂积极性与主动性,结合水文统计中"配线法"的教学实例,开展了"工程水文学"研究型教学探讨,提出"课前充分准备-课堂精心组织-课后认真总结"的三位一体教学方案及其实施过程,增强了课堂教学互动性,提高了教学效果,并对研究型教学方案的改进提出了几点设想。

ISBN: (纸本)9787114091490

关键词： 教学方法   多媒体教学   工程水文学  

摘要： 21世纪,信息技术正以惊人的速度传播,丰富、精彩、多变的各种计算机文化扑面而来,这使得现代学校中的传统教育受到强烈的冲击。现代的教学方法与手段应从传统的教学模式中走出来,适应现代社会发展的需要,更好地为社会输送应用型、复合型人才。

ISBN: (纸本)9787508475677

ISBN: (纸本)9787564031602

关键词： Root profile   Rooting depth   Root area   Rooted soil area   Above- and below-ground vegetation  

摘要： We propose a method for assessing root profiles by means of hydrological, pedological and above-ground vegetation information. The method is analytical and allows one to relate the vertical distribution of plant roots to the local climatic and pedological conditions. The model does not require calibration and employs only data that are easily available. The model has been applied to two case studies in central Italy and proved effective for assessing both root area and average rooting depth as functions of depth. Plant rooting systems turn out to be closer to the soil surface where the soils are clay-textured and where the evaporation/precipitation ratio is large (intensive water use). The proposed methodology would be useful for slope ecosystem restoration, non-destructive analysis of the stability of vegetated slopes, and planning soil bio-engineering works. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.