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关键词： 综合设计性实验   本科教学   水文与水资源工程  

摘要： 综合设计性实验教学是本科高校专业教学的重要组成部分,也是专业技能培养不可缺少的教学环节。如何进行综合设计性实验,在实验教学中渗透新的教学思想和方法,体现素质教育和创新教育是一个值得探索的课题。通过实验内容的选定、相关文献的查阅、实验方案的制定、具体实验的操作,并最终完成实验。通过综合设计性实验整个过程的锻炼提高了学生的独立调研分析能力。对于深化水文与水资源工程专业本科生所学专业知识具有重要作用。

关键词： 工程水文学   调洪   特征水位与流量   数值-解析法  

摘要： 本文通过对库容与泄流曲线分段线性概化,按数值计算方法推演出新的调洪计算数值-解析计算公式。典型案例检验结果表明,该计算方法不仅简单、程序易实现、适用范围广,且计算精度与陈守煜教授提出的四阶龙格-库塔方法相当,在水库调洪计算中具有一定应用推广价值。

关键词： 工程水文学   气候变化   区域气候模式   偏差纠正   分布式土壤植被水文模型   金华江流域  

摘要： 利用区域气候模式PRECIS与分布式水文模型DHSVM进行耦合,并用金华江流域实测水文数据对水文模型参数进行了率定,将PRECIS模拟的A1B情景下基准期(1961-1990年)及未来期(2011-2040年)的气象数据作为DHSVM模型的输入,模拟出相应时期金华江流域的径流,然后对这两个时期的径流量进行比较、评估。由于PRECIS模拟的降雨和温度等较实测数据有较大误差,在利用PRECIS数据驱动水文模型前先对降雨和温度数据进行了偏差纠正。结果表明,偏差纠正可以较好的消除PRECIS模拟的降雨和温度等数据的误差;A1B情景下未来期(2011-2040年)金华江流域的地表径流量、极端径流值等较基准期(1961-1990年)略有减少,地表径流量减少约3.86%,变化不显著。

关键词： dechannelization   meander bend   organic deposition   point bar   restoration evaluation  

摘要： Channelization of the Kissimmee River eliminated flow through the river channel, which allowed the formation of a largely organic deposition layer (ODL) on the river channel bed and stopped active sand transport needed to maintain point bars on meander bends. In 2001, completion of the first phase of dechannelization for the Kissimmee River Restoration Project (KRRP) reestablished flow to the river channel in the Phase I area. This study evaluated changes in the ODL and the number of meander bends with active point bar development (MBPB) following Phase I of dechannelization. Evaluations involved comparing interim measurements made after flow was reestablished to the river channel in the Phase I area but before full completion of KRRP with (a) baseline measurements made before dechannelization and (b) predicted changes based on reference measurements representing the pre-channelization system. ODL thickness was measured in core samples on fixed transects perpendicular to the river channel. The ODL was thinner during the Interim Period than the Baseline Period and this decrease exceeded the expected change predicted from the reference condition. MBPB was assessed with aerial photography. MBPB increased from the baseline measurement of 0 bends to interim measurements of 27 bends in 2002 and 72 bends in 2009, approximating the increase predicted from the reference condition. The decrease in ODL thickness and the increase in MBPB to levels that meet or approximate the reference condition indicate that these aspects of the river channel are recovering following reestablishment of flow.

关键词： 工程水文学   非线性突变分析   滑动近似熵   渭河流域  

摘要： 在气候变化和人类活动的双重影响下,水文序列发生了变异。利用渭河流域林家村站1960-2000年共41年的日径流序列资料,采用近似熵方法和滑动技术相结合的方法,对其径流时间序列进行突变分析。分析结果表明,在不同的滑动窗口和步长情况下,林家村站径流序列在动力学结构上呈现出明显的四个特点,突变时间发生在1972,1982,1994年;相对于传统的突变分析方法,滑动近似熵在分析非线性时间序列中呈现出分辨率高,抗干扰性强的特点。滑动近似熵能够对变化环境下的高度复杂、非线性径流时间序列的突变有效地进行诊断,可为径流时间序列突变提供一种思路。

关键词： 归纳型   教学模式   工程水文学  

摘要： 《工程水文学》课程涉及的范围广、内容抽象、概念性强,学生普遍反映学好该门专业课不易。借鉴扬州大学仇锦先老师提出的"框图"教学模式,利用框图、表格等归纳型教学模式归纳、对比该课程的知识要点,供水利相关专业的师生参考。

关键词： Basement granite   Saprolite   Fractured aquifer   Vadose zone  

摘要： Three major basement granites of South Africa, viz. the Lanseria Gneiss of the Johannesburg Dome Granite, the Goudplaats-Hout River Gneiss and the Nelspruit Suite, are compared in terms of existing and new geotechnical and hydrogeological data. Typical weathering profiles based on landform and climate are deduced, denoting typical engineering and hydrogeological behaviour. Finally, the vadose zone behaviour of the basement granites are described with the aim on better understanding of the behaviour of these systems under variable saturation. Ephemeral hillslope wetlands, seepage lines and catenas are specifically addressed as associated hydrological influences, as well as the associated processes of translocation forming duplex soils and pedogenesis forming ferricrete. The final summarised findings depict low plasticity and expansiveness of granites with the most notable geotechnical influences being collapsibility, dispersive behaviour, seepage and difficult excavation. Hydrologically, secondary porosity prevails and younger structures or intrusions govern groundwater occurrence. The vadose zone comprises thick fractured rock to be included in modelling with the soil zone having saturated conductivity typically in the order of 1 x 10(-4) to 1 x 10(-5) m/d. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： history and philosophy of science   hydraulics   hydrology   water resource engineering   water technology  

摘要： Hydrology has played an important role in the birth of science. Yet practical hydrological knowledge, related to human needs for water storage, transfer and management, existed before the development of natural philosophy and science. In contemporary times, hydrology has had strong links with engineering as its development has been related to the needs of the design and management of water infrastructures. In the 1980s these links were questioned and it was suggested that separating hydrology from engineering would be beneficial for both. It is argued that, thereafter, hydrology, instead of becoming an autonomous science, developed new dependencies, particularly on politically driven agendas. This change of direction in effect demoted the role of hydrology, for example in studying hypothetical or projected climate-related threats. Revisiting past experiences suggests that re-establishing the relationship of hydrology with engineering could be beneficial. The study of change and the implied uncertainty and risk could constitute a field of mutual integration of hydrology and engineering. Engineering experience may help hydrology to appreciate that change is essential for progress and evolution, rather than only having adverse impacts. While the uncertainty and risk cannot be eliminated they can be dealt with in a quantitative and rigorous manner.

关键词： 海岸工程   明渠   水文要素   海洋工程   灌溉渠道   工程水文学   近岸海流   水文计算   洪水演算  

摘要： 喻国良,李艳红,庞红犁,王协康编上海交通大学出版社出版定价:38.00元内容提要:本书共分8章,主要阐述河口与海岸工程所涉及的水文学的基本原理与方法。内容有入海河口、海岸与海洋的基础知识,降水的时空分布特征,水文信息采集方法与设备,水文分析计算基础知识,径流形成的过程和影响因素,产流汇流计算方法,洪水和降雨量特征的区域分析方法,明渠的洪水演算方法,海岸工程设计的水文要素计

关键词： 中外教师协同   互动式   双语教学模式   工程水文学  

摘要： 国际间的交流合作日益增强,急需加强双语课程教学模式的探究。基于中外教师协同的双语教学实践经验,构建中外教师协同的互动式双语教学模式,从课程教材建设、教学模式建构等方面对工程水文学双语课程建设进行探究与实践。这对工科类课程的双语教学建设与发展和开阔学生和教师的国际化视野起到了积极作用。