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关键词： 细胞生物学   教学  

摘要： 细胞生物学是生物学领域相关领域的基础学科。细胞生物学教学质量的提高对生物学相关专业的教师和学生都具有重要意义。本文从细胞生物的教学内容、教学方法、教学手段、考核方式几方面进行介绍和探讨，为细胞生物学教学水平的提升提供了新思路。

关键词： 细胞学说   阴阳理论   中医基础理论   细胞生物学  

摘要： 细胞存在阴阳属性,可以用阴阳理论来分析和认识细胞的生命规律;细胞的生命活动符合中医阴阳学说的运行规律,存在阴阳的对立、互根、消长和转化等变化;可以将中医阴阳理论与理、法、方、药等原则用于细胞疾病的诊断与治疗。对细胞进行中医研究不仅可以扩充中医基础理论的基本内涵,也将指导细胞生物学的现代研究,还可能拓展中医临床治疗的方法及提高临床疗效。

关键词： 动物细胞生物学   教学模式   课程改革  

摘要： 《动物细胞生物学》是动物科学专业和动物医学专业的专业基础课。随着教学内容不断的更新,之前的教学模式已经跟不上现代教学形式与要求的发展,对该课程教学模式的改革与创新势在必行。论文对《动物细胞生物学》及实验课程的教学内容和目标、教学模式改革进行了探索与讨论,为本门课程的改革提供一些思路。

关键词： 细胞生物学   课程建设   考研率  

摘要： "细胞生物学"是近十几年高校和研究院所生物学专业硕士研究生必考课程,其课程的改革和教学水平的提高备受关注。该文对近年来细胞生物学的课程建设和民族班双语教学与2004-2010年学生考生物学专业研究生成绩的关系进行了分析,以此来评估细胞生物学课程建设和民族班双语教学对提高本科生生物学专业考研率方面的推动作用。

关键词： p75(NTR)   Neurotrophins   Signaling pathways   Stem cells   Cancer stem cells  

摘要： p75(NTR), the common receptor for both neurotrophins and proneurotrophins, has been widely studied because of its role in many tissues, including the nervous system. More recently, a close relationship between p75(NTR) expression and pluripotency has been described. p75(NTR) was shown to be expressed in various types of stem cells and has been used to prospectively isolate stem cells with different degrees of potency. Here, we give an overview of the current knowledge on p75(NTR) in stem cells, ranging from embryonic to adult stem cells, and cancer stem cells. In an attempt to address its potential role in the control of stem cell biology, the molecular mechanisms underlying p75(NTR) signaling in different models are also highlighted. p75(NTR)-mediated functions include survival, apoptosis, migration, and differentiation, and depend on cell type, (pro) neurotrophin binding, interacting transmembrane co-receptors expression, intracellular adaptor molecule availability, and post-translational modifications, such as regulated proteolytic processing. It is therefore conceivable that p75(NTR) can modulate cell-fate decisions through its highly ramified signaling pathways. Thus, elucidating the potential implications of p75(NTR) activity as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms of p75(NTR) will shed new light on the biology of both normal and cancer stem cells.

关键词： Cadherins   Catenins   Junctional proteins   Signaling pathways   Embryonic stem cells   Epiblast stem cells   Induced pluripotent stem cells   Stemness   Pluripotency   Self-renewal   Stem cell differentiation   Somatic cell reprogramming   Mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition   Teratomas   Chimeric mouse embryos  

摘要： Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can self-renew or differentiate into any cell type within an organism. Here, we focus on the roles of cadherins and catenins - their cytoplasmic scaffold proteins - in the fate, maintenance and differentiation of mammalian ESCs. E-cadherin is a master stem cell regulator that is required for both mouse ESC (mESC) maintenance and differentiation. E-cadherin interacts with key components of the naive stemness pathway and ablating it prevents stem cells from forming well-differentiated teratomas or contributing to chimeric animals. In addition, depleting E-cadherin converts naive mouse ESCs into primed epiblast-like stem cells (EpiSCs). In line with this, a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) occurs during reprogramming of somatic cells towards induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), leading to downregulation of N-cadherin and acquisition of high E-cadherin levels. beta-catenin exerts a dual function;it acts in cadherin-based adhesion and in WNT signaling and, although WNT signaling is important for stemness, the adhesive function of beta-catenin might be crucial for maintaining the naive state of stem cells. In addition, evidence is rising that other junctional proteins are also important in ESC biology. Thus, precisely regulated levels and activities of several junctional proteins, in particular E-cadherin, safeguard naive pluripotency and are a prerequisite for complete somatic cell reprogramming.

关键词： 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖   细胞生物学   调节机制   囊泡运输   加利福尼亚大学   运输系统   Blobel   James  

摘要： 2013年10月7日，瑞典卡罗林斯卡医学院诺贝尔生理学或医学奖评审委员会将本年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖联合授予美国耶鲁大学细胞生物学系主任James ***、加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校细胞生物学家Randy ***和德国生物学学家斯坦福大学教授Thomas ***，以表彰他们在细胞内主要运输系统方面所作的杰出贡献。这是继Gunter Blobel因发现蛋白质具有特定的内在信号如信号肽等，并通过内在信号与靶位相互作用而指导蛋白质在细胞内的转运和定位而获得1999年诺叽尔生理学或医学奖后，细胞内在运输系统方面的相关研究再一次登上诺贝尔奖的舞台。这充分肯定了细胞的物质运输系统是意义重大的科学发现。

关键词： 细胞生物学   分子生物学   竞赛试题   奥林匹克   实验   限制性核酸内切酶   DNA片段   国际  

摘要： 总分：100分时间：90min本次实验需要完成以下任务：利用限制性核酸内切酶切割DNA片段，并进行基因作图。A部分确定是否已将人类DNA插入到了1个克隆质粒中（80分）。

关键词： 医学细胞生物学   教学方法   教学模式  

摘要： 医学细胞生物学作为医学生的一门基础课程,具有重要的意义。如何提高医学细胞生物学教学质量,让学生掌握医学细胞生物学知识成为教学的主要目的。在医学细胞生物学实践中进行探索研究,对教学实践中的教学内容、方法和多媒体教学的教学模式进行改革与实践。