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关键词： 细胞生物学   教学改革   大学生创新实验  

摘要： 通过多年指导学生申报和实施大学生创新实验项目,体会到大学生创新实验对细胞生物学的教学具有非常积极的作用,可以促进实验教学改革,提高学生动手能力和独立思考问题的能力,同时能节约实验教学开支,强化学生对理论教学内容的理解以及促进师生的互动与交流。

关键词： 遗传学,医学   教学方法   细胞生物学   立体化教材  

摘要： 教材建设是高校教学中的重要元素。立体化教材包括纸质教材、教学课件和网络资源等。近年来,在本科细胞生物学和医学遗传学教学资源建设中,该研究室主编了医学细胞生物学理论教材、医学细胞生物学与遗传学实验指导,制作了教学PPT,自拍了实验小视频,使用了微课、慕课、微信对分易教学平台等信息化、网络化教学系统,从而改革了教学模式,丰富了教学内容,提高了教学质量。

关键词： 子宫内膜癌   PBX3基因   p38信号通路   凋亡  

摘要： 目的:探讨前B细胞白血病同源盒基因3(PBX3)对子宫内膜癌细胞活力和凋亡率的影响及p38信号通路调控作用。方法:将靶向抑制PBX3的小干扰RNAs(siRNA-PBX3)及阴性对照siRNA(siRNA-Ctrl)转染人子宫内膜癌Ishikawa细胞,SB203580作为p38信号通路抑制剂,未转染细胞为空白对照组,转染48h。Western blot法检测PBX3、PCNA、Bax、p38和p-p38蛋白表达; MTT及流式细胞术检测细胞活力及凋亡率。结果:siRNA-PBX3转染可明显降低PBX3表达,与空白对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。siRNA-PBX3组转染24h、48h和72h的细胞活力均降低,与siRNA-Ctrl组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。siRNA-PBX3转染细胞48h的细胞凋亡率升高,PCNA和p-p38蛋白表达降低,Bax蛋白表达升高,与siRNA-Ctrl组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与siRNA-PBX3组和SB203580组比较,siRNA-PBX3+SB203580组的细胞活力均明显降低,凋亡率升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:PBX3基因表达抑制可通过下调p38信号通路降低子宫内膜癌细胞活力和诱导凋亡。

关键词： miR-486   脐带间充质干细胞   外泌体   基因治疗  

摘要： 目的:观察miR-486基因修饰脐带间充质干细胞外泌体的生物学特性,评价其对大鼠H9c-2心肌细胞生物学特性的影响。方法:分离并扩增人脐带间充质干细胞(UC-MSC),并鉴定其免疫表型和成骨及成脂分化能力;用电子显微镜观测外泌体的形态结构;应用Transwell细胞迁移实验观察外泌体对细胞迁移特性的影响。用重组腺病毒载体介导间充质干细胞高表达miR-486,应用qRT-PCR确定高表达miR-486的UC-MSC。收集培养上清,通过超速离心获得外泌体,应用qRT-PCR检测UC-MSC外泌体miR-486表达量。用Dye670标记评价外泌体对心肌细胞增殖的影响;在H2O2诱导的心肌细胞凋亡模型中通过AnnexinV/PI双标记流式细胞术检测外泌体对心肌细胞凋亡的影响。结果:UC-MSC分泌外泌体直径均在40-100 nm之间,且具有双膜结构。重组腺病毒能够有效介导miR-486在间充质干细胞表达,miR-486基因修饰UC-MSC分泌的外泌体中miR-486的表达显著增高。高表达miR-486的外泌体对心肌细胞有促增殖、促迁移作用及抑制心肌细胞凋亡的作用。结论:脐带间充质干细胞来源的且高表达miR-486的外泌体对心肌细胞有促增殖及抑制细胞凋亡作用。

关键词： Stem cells   Lysophosphatidic acid   Sphingosine-1-phosphate  

摘要： Stem cells are unique in their ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types. Because of these features, stem cells are key to the formation of organisms and play fundamental roles in tissue regeneration and repair. Mechanisms controlling their fate are thus fundamental to the development and homeostasis of tissues and organs. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are bioactive phospholipids that play a wide range of roles in multiple cell types, during developmental and pathophysiological events. Considerable evidence now demonstrates the potent roles of LPA and SW in the biology of pluripotent and adult stem cells, from maintenance to repair. Here we review their roles for each main category of stem cells and explore how those effects impact development and physiopathology.

关键词： Microfluidics   Regenerative medicine   Regulatory networks   Stem-cell biotechnology   Stem cells  

摘要： New fundamental discoveries in stem cell biology have yielded potentially transformative regenerative therapeutics. However, widespread implementation of stem-cell-derived therapeutics remains sporadic. Barriers that impede the development of these therapeutics can be linked to our incomplete understanding of how the regulatory networks that encode stem cell fate govern the development of the complex tissues and organs that are ultimately required for restorative function. Bioengineering tools, strategies and design principles represent core components of the stem cell bioengineering toolbox. Applied to the different layers of complexity present in stem-cell-derived systems - from gene regulatory networks in single stem cells to the systemic interactions of stem-cell-derived organs and tissues - stem cell bioengineering can address existing challenges and advance regenerative medicine and cellular therapies.

关键词： Inducible nitric oxide synthase   NADPH oxidase   Mitochondrial-derived oxygen species   Oxidative stress   Nitrosative stress   Epigenetics   Survival   Differentiation   Toxicity   Inflammation   Immunity   Alternative macrophage activation  

摘要： Macrophages are known for their versatile role in biology. They sense and clear structures that contain exogenous or endogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns. This process is tightly linked to the production of a mixture of potentially harmful oxidants and cytokines. Their inherent destructive behavior is directed against foreign material or structures of 'altered self', which explains the role of macrophages during innate immune reactions and inflammation. However, there is also another side of macrophages when they turn into a tissue regenerative, pro-resolving, and healing phenotype. Phenotype changes of macrophages are termed macrophage polarization, representing a continuum between classical and alternative activation. Macrophages as the dominating producers of superoxide/hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide are not only prone to oxidative modifications but also to more subtle signaling properties of redox-active molecules conveying redox regulation. We review basic concepts of the enzymatic nitric oxide and superoxide production within macrophages, refer to their unique chemical reactions and outline biological consequences not only for macrophage biology but also for their communication with cells in the microenvironment. These considerations link hypoxia to the NO system, addressing feedforward as well as feedback circuits. Moreover, we summarize the role of redox-signaling affecting epigenetics and reflect the central role of mitochondrial-derived oxygen species in inflammation. To better understand the diverse functions of macrophages during initiation as well as resolution of inflammation and to decode their versatile roles during innate and adaptive immunity with the entire spectrum of cell protective towards cell destructive activities we need to appreciate the signaling properties of redox-active species. Herein we discuss macrophage responses in terms of nitric oxide and superoxide formation with the modulating impact of hypoxia. (C) 2018 Elsev

关键词： 医学细胞生物学   留学生教育   英文教学  

摘要： 当前高等教育已经进入国际化时代,在中国接受中医药相关专业教育的留学生人数一直处于各学科前列,医学细胞生物学是临床医学专业留学生必修的一门医学基础课程。在留学生医学细胞生物学英文教学实践过程中,发现学生和教师的英文水平、外国留学生学习目的多样性、教师教学方式对教学效果有影响。针对这些影响因素,结合国外大学教学实践,提出增强教师培训、优化教学流程、改变教学评价方式等提高教学质量的方法,对中医药院校留学生细胞生物英文教学进行深入探讨。

关键词： 糖尿病   伤口愈合   脂肪源性间充质干细胞  

摘要： 脂肪源性间充质干细胞（ADSC）是存在于脂肪组织中的具有自我更新和多向分化潜能的成体间充质干细胞。ADSC在创面治疗方面已经取得了良好的效果，且因其有来源广泛、体内含量多、免疫原性低、获取对机体创伤小等优势，临床应用前景十分广泛。糖尿病创面愈合困难的原因可能与晚期糖基化终末产物增多、长期的慢性炎症反应及外周神经功能障碍密切相关。糖尿病患者异常的体内环境也可影响ADSC的生物学功能，从而影响创面愈合。本文就糖尿病ADSC的一般特性及其分化、增殖、迁移、分泌及促血管生成功能进行综述。

关键词： 乳腺癌转移   癌浸润   肌上皮细胞   细胞生物学   癌细胞   小鼠实验   体内扩散   防御机制  

摘要： 最近，美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的小鼠实验显示，乳房乳管周围的细胞层能够伸出并捕获逃逸的癌细胞来防止其在体内扩散。这表明肌上皮细胞的细胞层是一种能抑制乳腺癌转移的积极防御机制。该实验结果于7月30日在线发表在《细胞生物学杂志》上。