关键词：
compaction
compressibility
consistence
soil
strength
摘要：
Mechanical behavior covers strength, shear strain, resistance to shearing, shrinking, swelling, compaction, volumetric compressibility, deformation, permeability and seepage of water. The clay is stronger than the sand because it can sustain larger suctions: otherwise their behavior is fundamentally the same. The solid phase interacts whit the fluids which permeate soil pores. Models are best expressed in the concise and terse language of mathematics. Theories for soil mechanics originated around the middle of the eighteenth century. The theories of soil mechanics apply equally to sands and clays. Soil mechanics can be divided in two branches: mechanical properties and rheological properties. The scientific considerations relied on a lot of field and laboratory geotechnical studies effectuated in Banat region. Because water is relatively incompressible, volume changes in soil can occur only if water can flow or out from the pore spaces. If soil is loaded undrained the resulting pore pressures will not be in equilibrium with the long - term, groundwater pressures. As the excess pore pressures dissipate under constant total stress there will be change of effective stress and volume changes. This process is known as consolidation. Swelling or shrinking accompanying soil water content change results in vertical displacement of the wet soil, which involves gravitational work and contributes an overburden component to the total potential of the soil water. For a better recognition of vertic and pelic horizons, it can be used the next index values: uL - free swelling (vertic horizon: >140%, pelic horizon: 100 - 140%); Ip - plasticity index (vertic horizon: >35%, pelic horizon: 25 - 35%), IA - activity index (vertic horizon: > 1.25%pelic horizon: 1.0 - 1.25%). The simple theories presented above form the basis for analysis and design of engineering works. It must be determined some properties and index as: compressibility mechanical properties, rheological properties (stren
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