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关键词： 法语   自学参考资料  

ISBN: (纸本)9787507829518

摘要： 本书共分为语音、语法的基础知识、语法和课文三部分，主要内容包括：语音常识、前元音、清辅音、浊辅音、法语字母表、几项读音规则等。

关键词： Deverbal nouns   Instrument   Semantics   Morphological rule   Polysemy   French  

摘要： The polysemy of deverbal event nouns-nominalisations-is frequently discussed in the literature. However, one interpretation associated with nominalising suffixes has never been evoked-the instrument interpretation. This paper is dedicated to the rare instrument interpretation of -age nouns (henceforth N-age): allumage 'ignition', attelage 'harness', bandage 'bandage', embrayage 'clutch', garnissage 'garnish', gommage 'scrub', maquillage 'makeup'. We present the results of a study of instrumental N-age nominals, based on a sample of the deverbal-age nouns collected from the TLFi. We outline the semantic conditions that determine the presence of the instrument interpretation for these nouns and argue that this interpretation is not based on semantic drift from the corresponding eventive N-age;rather, it results from the specific properties of the morphological rule (i.e., its possible output(s)) and from the semantic properties of the input verb. This analysis leads us to reconsider the polysemy of deverbal nouns, not as systematically based on the notion of semantic drift from a derived lexeme, but, for some interpretations, as a construct of morphological rules, given specific semantic constraints. We conclude with a formalisation of the semantic sub-pattern within the N-age rule which generates the instrumental nominal. For the semantic representation of the base verb, we follow the theoretical framework of Levin and Rappaport (1995 and later). We incorporate this semantic formalisation in the wider representation of morphological rules envisaged in lexematic morphology.

关键词： hepatitis B   blood donor   G1896A mutation   basal core promoter mutation   HBsAg titre  

摘要： Hepatitis B virus (HBV) basal core promoter (BCP) and precore (PC) mutations, HBV viral load and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) quantitation were screened to assess correlations between these HBV markers in asymptomatic chronic hepatitis B carriers in France. From January 2006 to July 2007, 200 sera were collected from patients who were discovered to be HBsAg-positive when they volunteered to give blood. Direct sequencing of precore/core gene was used to detect A1762T/G1764A mutations in the BCP and G1896A in the PC region. HBV viral load and HBsAg were quantified with two commercials assays. The prevalence of the BCP and PC mixed/mutants were 37% and 60% respectively (P=0.0001). HBV DNA level and HBsAg titer were significantly lower in subjects harboring the mixed/mutant PC virus compared to those infected by the wild phenotype. No significant difference was observed in HBV viral loads of blood donors infected by wild or mixed/mutant BCP viruses. Mutant or mixed PC virus was associated with male gender, HBeAb-positive status and HBV/D and HBV/E genotypes. BCP mutations were associated with age, and both HBV/A-HBV/E *** genetic properties of HBV in this cohort showed that most of the blood donors had a negative HBeAg serological status and harbored the PC mutant phenotype in combination with low levels of both HBV DNA and HBsAg. As the study was conducted in healthy subjects who could be considered as asmptomatic carriers, these results suggest a possible protective effect of the G1896A mutation against severe liver lesions. J. Med. Virol. 87:529-535, 2015. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： 外语通识选修课   “基础法语入门”   教学预期   教学原则  

摘要： 面对大学英语教学现状,教学改革势在必行。措施之一就是开设大学外语通识选修课。笔者基于自己讲授选修课经历,以"基础法语入门"课程的开设为例,指出作为外语通识选修课开设主体,教师应该明确课程开设的预期效果,把握一定教学原则,从而实现大学外语选修课效果的最优化。

关键词： 法语教学   基础阶段   口语特点   教学法  

摘要： 随着改革开放不断深化,为了能够与更多国家和地区友好相处,对英语等其他语言的教学逐渐成为教学结构中的一部分,法语作为其中一种,传统教学方式和方法过于单一,教学效果大打折扣,如何更好地开展法语教学受到越来越多的关注。本文将对法语教学基础阶段概念及口语特点进行分析和研究,并提出法语教学基础阶段口语教学策略,旨在为我国法语教学顺利开展奠定坚实的基础。

关键词： 法语教学   有效性   体验式教学法   法语学习   中学生   中小学生   体验式教学  

摘要： 一,引言随着全球经济一体化进程的加速,中国市场埘法语人才的需求大幅增加。众所周知,外语学习最大的挑战就是,如何能将所学的语言转化为实际交流的工具。而传统教学方式和方法过于单一.教学效果大打折扣,如何更好地开展法语教学受到越来越多的关注。在基础法语学习中应用体验式教学法,重在了解学生的学习状态和动态.结合教材特点充分调动学习的兴趣和主动性,提高学

关键词： 公序良俗   类型化   德国民法  

摘要： 在讨论民法基本原则在司法实践中的适用时,主流观点是采原则具体化方法,类型化方法正是其一。我国的公序良俗具体化工作,由于判例基础的欠缺,在逻辑上只能是预测性的立法设计,其必要性源于理论自身与司法实践的要求,其可行性则源于比较法与本土理论两个理论基础。在这种综合考量下进行的公序良俗原则类型化建构,可以认为有一定的正当性,符合我国社会的现时状况与发展前景。本文考察了德国民法与本土民法语境下的类型化理论,结合有限的本土司法实践,主要讨论了在此基础上的公序良俗类型化建构,提出了一个本土基础上偏近德国民法视角的建构方法。

关键词： 基础法语   读图时代   图像   视频  

摘要： 随着多媒体技术的发展,图片、视频、动画等图像载体充斥着我们的世界,影响着我们的生活,教学相应地也受到很大影响,包括积极的和消极的影响。作为高校法语专业极为关键的一门课程,基础法语课程如何在"读图时代"下发挥图像的优势,促进学生法语水平的提高,是这里要探讨的问题。

关键词： 面向行动教学法   任务型学习   基础法语教学  

摘要： 传统基础法语的教学很难达到"立竿见影",学生往往熟记语法规则,却在日常交流中错误百出,由此产生畏难情绪,不敢开口。本文结合教学实践,以引进教材《你好!法语2》第13课为例,探讨如何通过安排和布置任务,借助多媒体技术和网络资源,将面向行动教学法应用于基础法语课堂,激发学生的学习兴趣和交流欲望,达到"学以致用"。