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关键词： 敖包祭祀   蒙古族   文化习俗   传承研究  

摘要： 生活中有很多民族文化习俗值得保护与传承。其中,蒙古族敖包祭祀文化引起广泛关注。敖包祭祀是蒙古族固有的一种文化习俗。本文介绍了蒙古族敖包祭祀文化的形式、功能以及价值,以此来研究保护与传承。蒙古族敖包祭祀的保护与传承研究有助于人们深入探析民族文化,从根本上提出保护与传承蒙古族敖包祭祀文化的措施。一、蒙古族敖包祭祀仪式的表现形式

关键词： Horticulture  

摘要： Cornus mas (Cornelian cherry) is a deciduous shrub/small tree native to southeastern Europe and western Asia. It is unique among the Cornaceae (dogwood) family in that the fruit is used for human consumption and is highly nutritious and contains high amounts of antioxidants and anthocyanins. While this plant has many desirable fruiting and ornamental characteristics, it has seen limited use in North America. Several of these desirable characteristics are low disease and pest incidence, fruit qualities, and early yet long-lasting flowers. With limited use in North America, hardiness speculations are based on only a few individual plants. In this document, artificial freeze tests were conducted to better understand hardiness of the species and how vulnerable plants are when coming out of dormancy in the spring. Propagation methods (micropropagation, in vitro and ex vitro rooting of plantlets, and grafting) were also evaluated to determine the optimal method of growing cultivars.

关键词： Environmental philosophy   Ethics   Philosophy  

摘要： This thesis looks at the literature, both ancient and current, on vegetarianism, veganism, food ethics, CAFOs, and ritual sacrifice, and makes the case that a change in current large-scale agricultural practices are due for a collective paradigm shift. Part of the paper will focus on how CAFOs function in society as a modern form of institutionalized ritual sacrifice that exists in part because of atrophied conscience, will, and empathy. The paper will continue to argue for a continued push toward a plant-based diet, noting strong evidence suggesting that such a shift is in order if we are to conserve, protect, and care for our planet and ourselves.

关键词： Forestry  

摘要： The invasion of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) into the sagebrush steppe has increased fire frequency and severity, leading to a displacement of native vegetation. This landscape level change in dominant vegetation types from sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) to the invasive annual cheatgrass has prompted dozens of studies on how to restore sagebrush habitat. Past studies have demonstrated cheatgrass can alter competition, nutrient cycling, and microbial communities, collectively benefiting cheatgrass over native vegetation. Therefore, we tested whether altering competition, nutrient cycling, and microbial communities may increase success for restoration outplantings in the Great Basin (Idaho and Utah) and Colorado Plateau (Arizona). We found that plant growth and survivorship varied among sites and restoration treatments. Site- level variation was associated with differences in precipitation and cheatgrass density, with high growth and survivorship in regions with high precipitation and low cheatgrass abundance. Altering nutrient levels had limited effects on plant growth and survivorship. However, in Utah, where cheatgrass abundance was highest and soil nutrients were most limiting, we observed an increase from 13 % to 28 % in survivorship (squirreltail) with carbon addition, and 119 % increase in growth (sagebrush) with phosphorus addition when compared to the control. Inoculating plants with sagebrush rhizosphere soil or commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi did not significantly affect growth or survivorship of either plant species at any site. Reducing cheatgrass competition increased growth of both sagebrush and squirreltail at all sites by an average of 140 % and increased survivorship from 30 % to 41 %. Soil moisture data suggest that the reduction of cheatgrass competition alleviated water limitation from April to June 2017 at 5 cm soil depth by 4 % to 10 % volumetric water content and at 20 cm soil depth by 2 % to 12 %. Reducing cheatgrass competition was

关键词： 《楚辞》   祭祀活动  

摘要： 楚人"信鬼好祠",祭祀活动不论对于"庙堂之高"还是"江湖之远"都有着重要意义。《楚辞》作为楚地文化特产,"书楚语,作楚声,记楚地,名楚物"自然有不少对祭祀活动的描述,本文将根据《楚辞》分析楚地的祭祀风俗,主要方面有祭祀内容、祭祀形式、现代传承。楚人以巫觋扮神的形式祭神祀神,在他们的思维里,神人同欲同好,有普遍的生活要求,因而从人的需要来揣测神灵的需要,

关键词： 吴茱萸热敷   局部推刮   软组织挫伤  

摘要： 目的:明确吴茱萸热敷加阿是穴推刮在软组织挫伤瘀肿硬结及瘀斑中的疗效,防止血肿机化处理不及时留下永久性硬结而影响形象美观.方法:2018年1月至10月在花都区中西医结合医院骨一科治疗的26例软组织挫伤形成瘀肿硬结或大面积瘀斑患者随机分为两组,实验组给以予吴茱萸热敷及局部推刮,对照组给予常规护理治疗,分别于治疗后3、7、14天对比两组间疼痛评分、硬结及瘀斑直径、患处吸收愈合及并发症情况.结果:实验组患者治疗后疼痛程度明显缓解,治疗后3、7、14天VAS评分均显著低于对照组;实验组患者治疗后7、14天局部病灶直径明显小于对照组;实验组患者病灶愈合时间较对照组明显缩短,且无破溃、红肿等并发症.结论:吴茱萸热敷加阿是穴局部推刮疗法运用于软组织挫伤瘀肿硬结及大面积瘀斑的疗效确切,能有效预防血肿机化,解除患者心理、感观方面负担.

关键词： 民间宗教   乡村治理   神灵信仰   祭祀仪式  

摘要： 杨庆堃在《中国社会中的宗教》中较有开创性地区分了制度性的宗教和弥散性的宗教,但是他在书中并未明确区分制度性宗教和弥散性宗教在社会生活中发挥的不同作用,亦没有深入探讨弥散性宗教(即民间宗教)在乡村生活中扮演的角色及其在乡村治理中产生的影响。因此本文试图在杨庆堃现有研究的基础上,进一步探讨民间宗教在清代乡村生活中扮演的角色及其在乡村治理中发挥的作用。民间宗教依托于帝王体制、亲属系统等社会政治结构而渗透在社会中,不仅为自上而下的政治伦理信仰提供理论依据,还通过祖先祭祀和被神化人物的信仰强化尊卑有别、忠君事亲的道德伦理,从而在无形中实行社会教化和社会控制,达到“以神道设教”的政治目的;另一方面,民间自发形成的神灵信仰由于其实用性质而渗透于日常生活的方方面面,譬如神灵诞辰、迎神赛社等祭祀活动极大地丰富了乡村社会的经济和文化娱乐生活,增强了地方社会的活力并促进了乡村治理的进一步发展,而民间宗教由于融入了政治伦理信仰,因此能通过神灵信仰、祭祀仪式于无形之中维护社会等级秩序,还能够通过对鬼神及因果报应的敬畏加强社会控制。总之,民间宗教不仅作为“以神道设教”的重要手段实行道德教化、传递官方价值伦理,还作为民间自发的神灵信仰维持社会秩序、增强社会控制,在上下两方面的共同作用下使传统乡村社会维持稳定有序。

关键词： 儒家四配祠庙   祭祀文化   建筑特征   价值阐释  

摘要： 儒家四配祠庙作为儒家建筑遗产中重要的组成部分,以其独特的历史价值和文化价值成为中国传统文化的重要价值载体,具有珍贵的物质和非物质文化。本论文以“颜子”、“曾子”、“子思子”、“孟子”的本庙为研究对象,从四配的祭祀文化、建筑特征两方面进行系统的研究,并在研究的基础上,探讨价值阐释的策略。本文共分五部分,第一部分绪论,是对研究对象及研究现状进行概述;第二部分,阐述了四配祭祀的文化背景,梳理了四配专祠祭祀的历史发展脉络,并与明清时期的阙里孔庙、文庙、民间家庙进行祭祀性质、形式等相关内容的对比研究;第三和第四部分,从祠庙的历史沿革、选址特点、建筑组群布局和建筑形制特征等方面着手,进行较为系统的研究,挖掘其价值与文化内涵;第五部分,对四配祠庙的当代功能进行剖析,并分析四配祠庙的遗产价值,最后提出相应的阐释策略。

关键词： 陈汉军旗   单鼓舞   祭祀仪式   传承发展  

摘要： 陈汉军旗单鼓舞是极具吉林地方特色的原生态民俗文化表现形式之一,也是我国萨满祭祀的一种独特形态,它是在汉族原有祭祀文化的基础上,受到满族萨满文化的影响,经过文化的融合、历史的演变,从而形成的一种既区别与满族萨满祭祀、又不同于汉族“烧香”仪式的特殊祭祀形式。2011年5月23日陈汉军旗单鼓舞被列入国家级非物质文化遗产保护项目。陈汉军旗单鼓舞形式多样、内容丰富,且其源流涉及到民族文化史、东北地方志,所以在文献归纳和素材分类的过程中难度较大。随着不断增进的社会发展速度,陈汉军旗单鼓舞的发展也面临着瓶颈。在理论方面,研究吉林乌拉陈汉军旗单鼓舞的文章也是凤毛麟角,相关资料比较缺失,难度很大,在此情况上,本文就以下几个问题进行研究:一、陈汉军旗单鼓舞的历史进程;二、陈汉军旗单鼓舞的祭祀仪式与基本素材;四、陈汉军旗单鼓舞与满族萨满祭祀的区别;三、陈汉军旗单鼓舞的现状及思考。该论文有图7幅,表1个。

关键词： 马其顿   冰雪覆盖  

摘要： 北马其顿位于欧洲巴尔干半岛中部。西邻阿尔巴尼亚,南接希腊,东靠保加利亚,北部与塞尔维亚接壤。第一次世界大战后马其顿作为塞尔维亚的一部分并入塞尔维亚人-克罗地亚人-斯洛文尼亚人王国。1991年11月20日,北马其顿从原南联盟宣布独立。