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关键词： 淤泥脱水   生物酶   淤泥比阻   泥饼含水率   蛋白质二级结构   胞外聚合物  

摘要： 联合了溶菌酶、中性蛋白酶和α-淀粉酶3种生物酶对淤泥脱水处理。研究不同的复配方案、酶掺量对其脱水性能的影响。通过淤泥比阻值（specific resistance to filtration，SRF）和抽滤后泥饼含水率（moisture content，MC）2个指标反映脱水性能，并利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）等技术探究生物酶对疏浚淤泥调理前后的微观形貌和官能团变化。通过分析研究蛋白质二级结构和胞外聚合物（extracellular polymeric substances，EPS）含量的变化探究其调理机理。复合酶能提高疏浚淤泥脱水性能，其中以溶菌酶与α-淀粉酶复配效果最佳。经该方案处理后，淤泥絮体颗粒表面结构被破坏，颗粒的孔隙增多；同时改变EPS各分层含量，促进结合态EPS（松散结合EPS（loosely-bonded EPS，LB-EPS）和紧密结合EPS（tightly-bonded EPS，TB-EPS）向溶解性EPS（soluble EPS，S-EPS）转变，释放结合水，提高淤泥的脱水性能。

关键词： 常绿阔叶林   乔木层   下木层   地上生物量   多样性   质量比假说   生态位互补假说  

摘要： 以云南哀牢山国家级自然保护区核心区的中山湿性常绿阔叶林样地为研究对象，设置30个20 m×20 m的森林样地，使用异速生长方程计算了木本植物的地上生物量（AGB）。利用偏最小二乘法（PLS）探讨环境因子、功能多样性、系统发育多样性对亚热带森林乔木层和下木层AGB的影响。结果表明：乔木层、下木层的AGB分别为（346.28±137.35） t/hm2和（12.35±8.73） t/hm2,PLS模型累积解释了乔木层和下木层AGB 40.7%和63.1%的变异；与功能性状和系统发育多样性相比，环境因子对乔木层AGB具有更重要的影响，乔木层AGB与群落加权平均性状值的较高相关性支持“质量比假说”；下木层AGB与群落加权性状值和功能丰富度指数（FRic）的相关性较环境因子更高，同时支持了“质量比假说”和“生态位互补假说”；乔木层AGB与系统发育多样性指数（Faith）、平均成对距离指数（MPD）呈正相关关系，下木层AGB与Faith呈正相关关系，与平均最近分类群距离指数（MNTD）呈负相关关系，表明系统发育多样性在乔木层和下木层AGB的积累中发挥的作用具有差异性。研究揭示了哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林乔木层和下木层AGB的主要影响因素，为亚热带森林生物量碳库的维持机制研究提供参考。

关键词： Chemical industry  

摘要： Driven by global carbon neutrality initiatives and the development of circular economy, bio-based materials are gradually emerging as significant alternatives to petroleum-based counterparts. Among these, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), with its rigid aromatic ring structure and exceptional physicochemical properties, is recognized as the most promising bio-based substitute for terephthalic acid, demonstrating broad application prospects in sustainable polymer materials. This review systematically analyzes mainstream FDCA production processes (including HMF, MMF/RMF, glucaric acid, and furfural/furoic acid routes), compares their economic viability and environmental benefits, and identifies the HMF pathway as the most industrially feasible approach currently available. However, key challenges persist, including poor stability of intermediate HMF, high energy consumption in separation processes, and limitations in catalytic system selectivity. By systematically organizing the technological routes, key steps, and industrialization processes of FDCA production through chemical methods, this study aims to provide theoretical references and technical support for promoting the efficient development and industrial upgrading of the FDCA sector. In the future, by focusing on high-value-added markets, developing novel HMF derivatization processes, advancing integrated chain production, and coordinating policies with industrial chain synergies, there is potential to overcome cost constraints and accelerate the industrialization process of FDCA. © 2025 Chemical Industry Press Co., Ltd.. All rights reserved.