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关键词： Biochemical engineering  

摘要： Bio-based materials are recognized as a critical enabler for advancing chemical engineering advanced materials toward industrial upgrading and transformation. This article focused on the fermentation methodologies employed in the production of bio-based materials and systematically summarized their progress across raw material, process, and product domains. The study also examined the technological barriers and challenges associated with the iterative updates of second-generation and third-generation carbon sources within the biomanufacturing industry. It proposed the construction of a multidimensional biomass carbon source supply system and guarantee mechanism. The article delved into the fermentation process technology for key polymer monomers such as ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid, adipic acid, and terephthalic acid, as well as polymer materials including polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, hyaluronic acid, and bacterial cellulose. The study outlined four critical modules: bio-based plastics, bio-based rubbers, bio-based nylon, and bio-based polysaccharide materials. It advocated for enhancing the product system of bio-based materials through fermentation methods to gradually replace petrochemical-based materials, paving the way for future advancements in the field. © 2025 Chemical Industry Press Co., Ltd.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Metabolic engineering  

摘要： The microbial fermentation of one-carbon (C1) gases to produce biofuels and chemicals represents a key pathway for carbon resource capture, utilization, and green biomanufacturing. One-carbon feedstocks, such as CO, CO2, methane, methanol, and formic acid, are characterized by their single-carbon atom composition. These resources are abundant, low-cost, and hold potential as alternative feedstocks for biomanufacturing. Additionally, their bioconversion contributes to mitigating the greenhouse effect and supports the achievement of carbon neutrality goals. This article reviews recent progress in microbial refining of CO2 to produce essential organic acids and alcohols, elaborates on the biological metabolic pathways of CO2 and product synthesis, discusses the genetic engineering of microorganisms in C1 biorefining, and envisions future pathways for green biomanufacturing. © 2025 Chemical Industry Press Co., Ltd.. All rights reserved.

关键词： 地质学   微生物学   交叉创新   人才培养   评价体系  

摘要： 地质微生物学是微生物学、地球科学、生命科学和环境科学等多学科交叉融合的产物，致力于培养具备多学科背景的复合型人才。但目前的人才培养课程体系存在教育内容割裂和重复、实践培养缺乏以及考核评价体系有待完善等诸多问题。为此，文章提出了一种以学科交叉融合为基础、科研项目为依托、实验操作为平台、成果交流为途径的“1+X”多元化交叉创新型人才培养模式，从学术素养、跨学科能力、研究能力、团队合作能力、创新能力等多个维度构建多元化的评价体系，为高校教育教学改革提供新的思路和方法。

关键词： 多囊卵巢综合征   种族差异   民族  

摘要： 多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovary syndrome，PCOS）是一种多因素、多基因导致的高度异质性的生殖内分泌代谢紊乱疾病。2022年一项全球性的大型流行病学研究提示，近30年几乎所有国家的PCOS发病率都在增加。许多国家针对国内大多数种族人群的PCOS表型和特点，制定了适合国民的PCOS指南或共识。PCOS国际指南中也提到关注PCOS种族差异并予以针对性诊疗。由于全球地域广博、种族繁多且历史悠久、混杂因素多等原因，目前对PCOS的种族差异没有定论，很难制定全面且有针对性的国际性指南。故本文将对PCOS患病率、遗传基础、高雄激素表现、代谢紊乱、心理并发症的种族差异进行综述，以期为不同种族PCOS患者开展个体化的预防、筛查和诊疗工作提供参考。