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关键词： 智能轮胎   特征   功能   气压监控系统   射频识别  

摘要： 总结智能轮胎涉及的理论和技术发展现状。介绍智能轮胎的概念、特征、功能和分类,并分析国外知名轮胎企业的代表性智能轮胎产品的特点。智能轮胎产品系统基于普通轮胎基本结构特点和性能要求进行开发,融合了当前先进的数字电子技术,对轮胎和车辆工作状态进行有效监控和预测,有助于提高汽车的机动性能、舒适性、安全性及减小燃油消耗,成为汽车安全系统的关键部件。未来的智能轮胎系统以最大限度地提高自动驾驶汽车乘客的舒适性和安全性为主旨,同时最大程度地考虑其他交通参与者的安全和感受。

关键词： LoRa   water   pesticides   bulk SMS   IoT   RFID   monitoring  

摘要： Safe drinking water is essential to a healthy lifestyle and has been recognised as a human right by numerous countries. However, the realisation of this right remains largely aspirational, particularly in impoverished nations that lack adequate resources for water quality testing. Kenya, a Sub-Saharan country, bears the brunt of this challenge. Pesticide imports in Kenya increased by 144% from 2015 to 2018, with sales data indicating that 76% of these pesticides are classified as highly hazardous. This trend continues to rise. Over 70% of Kenya's population resides in rural areas, with 75% of the rural population engaged in agriculture and using pesticides. Agriculture is the country's main economic activity, contributing over 30% of its gross domestic product (GDP). The situation is further exacerbated by the lack of monitoring for pesticide residues in surface water and groundwater, coupled with the absence of piped water infrastructure in rural areas. Consequently, contamination levels are high, as agricultural runoff is a major contaminant of surface water and groundwater. The increased use of pesticides to enhance agricultural productivity exacerbates environmental degradation and harms water ecosystems, adversely affecting public health. This study proposes the development of a wireless sensor system that utilizes radio-frequency identification (RFID), Long-range (LoRa) protocol and a global system for mobile communications (GSM) for monitoring pesticide prevalence in groundwater sources. From the system design, individuals with limited literacy skills, advanced age, or non-expert users can utilize it with ease. The reliability of the LoRa protocol in transmitting data packets is thoroughly investigated to ensure effective communication. The system features a user-friendly interface for straightforward data input and facilitates broader access to information by employing various remote wireless sensing methods.

关键词： Sensors   Radiofrequency identification   Power demand   Sensor systems   Temperature sensors   Temperature measurement   Intelligent sensors   Internet of Things (IoT)   multiparameter sensor   power regulation   wireless detection system  

摘要： This letter introduces a radio frequency identification(RFID)-based multisensory system designed for intelligent tracking and managing chemical vessels and consumables, compliant with electronic product code (EPC) C1G2/ISO 18000-6C standards. The system features a compact sensor tag (44.35 mm x 44.91 mm) operating in passive (34.32 mu W) and semipassive (230.81 mu W) modes. In the semipassive mode, the tag demonstrates a communication range of up to 8.91 m with a 2-W reader. It efficiently transmits temperature and humidity and forces data to an Internet of Things platform with a localization mechanism via an onboard LED. The contributions include 1) a designed dipole antenna enhancing power transmission, 2) a power management optimization scheme informed by power budget analysis, 3) a versatile multisensory tag design with different functions for diverse scenarios, and 4) an attempt at potential improvement of the power management module at the integrated circuit level. Demonstrating lower power consumption and multidimensional data transmission, this system stands out for intelligent logistics and potential wireless sensor network integration in research and industrial applications.

摘要： RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology has witnessed widespread adoption across diverse industries and sectors due to its versatility and ability to provide real-time tracking, monitoring, and data capture [1,2]. By attaching an RFID tag to an object, the RFID reader can communicate with the tag, making tagged objects identifiable and traceable for item-level intelligence. With global tag usage exceeding 44.8 billion in 2023 [3], RFID has become the most prevalent smart terminal in the era of Internet of *** impressive advancements, several challenges and knowledge gaps persist in the field of RFID technology. These include the following:Looking ahead, several areas warrant further exploration to continue advancing RFID technology:In conclusion, the papers in this Special Issue reflect the vibrant and rapidly evolving landscape of RFID technology. By addressing existing gaps and exploring new frontiers, the research presented here sets the stage for future innovations that will continue to transform industries and improve societal outcomes. We look forward to seeing how these advancements will shape the future of RFID and inspire ongoing research and development in this exciting field.

关键词： electromagnetic compatibility   electromagnetic disturbances   device immunity   measurement techniques   protection of information   NFC   RFID  

摘要： The NFC and MIFARE systems (referred to as HF-band RFID) are a special case of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology using a radio frequency of 13.56 MHz for communication. The declared range of such communication is usually several cm and is characterized by the need to bring the data carrier close to the system reader. Due to the possibility of transmitting sensitive data in this type of system, an important problem seems to be the electromagnetic security of the transmitted data between the cards (tags) and the reader and within the system. In most of the available research studies, the security of RFID systems comes down to the analysis of the effectiveness of encryption of transmitted data or testing the range of communication between the reader and the identifier. In this research, however, special attention is paid to the so-called electromagnetic information security without the analysis of cryptographic protection. In some cases (e.g., data retransmission), encryption may not be an effective method of securing data (because, e.g., encrypted data might be used to open and start a car with a keyless system). In addition, the research draws attention to the fact that the data from the identifier can be accessed not only from the identifier, but also from the control system (reader, wiring, controller, etc.) from which the data can be radiated (unintentionally) at a much greater distance than the communication range between the identifier and the reader. In order to determine the security of the transmitted data in the HF-band RFID systems, a number of tests were carried out with the use of specialized equipment. During the measurements, both the data carriers themselves (cards, key fobs, stickers, tags) and exemplary systems for reading data from the media (a writable card reader, a mobile phone with NFC function, and an extensive access control system) were tested. The experiments carried out made it possible to determine the safety of NFC and MIFA

关键词： Artificial magnetic conductor (AMC)   circular polarization   cross-dipole   metasurface   radio frequency identification (RFID)   reader   Artificial magnetic conductor (AMC)   circular polarization   cross-dipole   metasurface   radio frequency identification (RFID)   reader  

摘要： A high-gain antenna with wide coverage is required for the reader to identify and communicate with multiple vehicles at the same time. In this article, a circularly polarized cubic metasurface-based array (CMSA) antenna is proposed for radio frequency identification (RFID) readers used in vehicular-to-infrastructure communication. The proposed antenna consists of five cross-dipole elements mounted on a cubic metabox (CMB). Each surface of the CMB is a layer of artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) array of 3 x 3 unit cells, where each unit cell generates in-phase reflection for the UHF band. The presented AMC-backed antenna element has an impedance bandwidth of 810-920 MHz in the UHF band and 2.35-2.5 GHz in the WLAN band. The peak gain of the AMC-backed antenna element in the UHF and WLAN bands is 7 and 6.33 dB, respectively. Peak gain enhancements result in a longer reading range but narrow coverage. Therefore, a 3-D arrangement is used to widen the interrogation zone of the reader, resulting in a 360 degrees coverage. The interelement isolation is greater than 15 dB, and the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is less than 0.006. The proposed CMSA antenna has a hollow cubic design, allowing it to accommodate the electronic circuitry of the reader. The proposed CMSA antenna could be a suitable candidate for readers used for tagged-vehicle detection due to its high gain, wide reading zone, dual-band coverage, low cost, low interelement coupling, and ease of packaging.

关键词： Clock generator   Self-calibration   UHF RFID   Low Power  

摘要： A low power clock generator with self-calibration for UHF RFID tags compatible with the EPCglobal Class-1 Gen-2 (EPC Gen2) standard is presented. By utilizing the timing information of the reader to tag (R double right arrow\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Rightarrow$$\end{document} T) link symbols, the frequency accuracy of the calibrated clock can meet the stringent requirement of the standard. Designed in a 0.18 mu m\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$0.18\,\upmu \hbox {m}$$\end{document} standard CMOS technology, simulation results show that the frequency error of the clock source is only from - 2.07 to +\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$+$$\end{document} 1.4% of the target frequency of 2.56 MHz. The power consumption is only 720 nW.

关键词： digital twin   digitalization   monitoring   control   manufacturing system   Tecnomatix Plant Simulation   RFID  

摘要： Despite the considerable advances that industrial manufacturing has undergone as a result of digitalization, the real-time monitoring of assembly processes continues to present a significant technical challenge. This article presents a solution to this problem by integrating digital twin technology with radio frequency identification (RFID) in order to improve the monitoring and optimization of assembly processes. The objective of this research is to develop a methodology that ensures synchronized data exchange between physical components and their digital counterparts using RFID for improved visibility and accuracy. The methodology entails the configuration of radio frequency identification systems to track the positions of products on conveyor belts, thereby facilitating real-time monitoring and the prompt detection of any deviations. This integration enhances remote monitoring capabilities and markedly optimizes assembly processes in comparison to traditional methods. The research findings suggest that this approach offers real-time data and monitoring capabilities, which can contribute to improved operational efficiency. This study presents an introduction to digital twins and RFID technology, a review of related research, a detailed methodology, an implementation plan, results and analysis, a discussion of the findings, and conclusions with future recommendations. This article presents a comprehensive discussion of the configuration of an RFID-based digital twin for an assembly line, highlighting the benefits and challenges of integrating these technologies into industrial processes.

关键词： Metals   Antennas   Surface impedance   Dipole antennas   Resonant frequency   Antenna measurements   RFID tags   Antennas   cylindrical ground   radio frequency identification (RFID)   rolling   tag   ultrahigh frequency (UHF)  

摘要： An ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna that can be placed on a metal surface with stable performance is proposed. It is made of a modified dipole with two cylindrical metal grounds on both ends. The cylindrical metal grounds not only enable the antenna to roll freely on a metal surface with a stable reading performance, but also reduce the antenna's length. The proposed tag antenna maintains a small size with a diameter of 10 mm (0.031 lambda) and a length of 45 mm (0.137 lambda). With an effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 4W, experimental results demonstrate that the proposed tag can achieve a maximum read distance ranging from 9.1 to 11.7 m when the tag rolls on a metal surface. The tag has the advantages of a more compact size, better reading range, and excellent rolling capability on a metal surface in comparison with the state-of-the-art. These features fulfill the emerging demands in the industrial Internet of Things field.

关键词： chipless RFID   radar cross section (RCS)   particle swarm optimization (PSO)   Taguchi method (TM)  

摘要： Frequency encoding chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags have been frequently using the radar cross section (RCS) parameter to determine the resonant frequencies corresponding to the encoded information. Recent advancements in chipless RFID design have focused on the generation of multiple frequencies without considering the frequency position and signal amplitude. This article proposes a novel method for chipless RFID tag design, in which the RCS response can be located at an exact position, corresponding to the desired encoding signal spectrum. To achieve this, the empirical Taguchi method (TM), in combination with particle swarm optimization (PSO), is used to automatically search for optimal design parameters for chipless RFID tags with a fast response time, to comply with the frequency encoding requirements in the presence of the mutual coupling effect. The proposed design method is validated using I-slotted chipless tag structures that are fabricated and measured with different sets of resonant frequencies.