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关键词： 散养鸡只   栖息行为   超高频射频识别技术   机器学习   多区域分类   高斯滤波  

摘要： 栖息行为是鸡只重要的生活习性,为实现栖架散养环境下鸡只个体行为的快速、准确识别,提出一种融合机器学习与超高频射频识别技术的立体式散养鸡只栖息行为识别方法。对采集的鸡只脚环标签的信号强度指示值数据经过高斯滤波和最大值加权滤波处理,利用支持向量机算法对信号强度指示值进行分类识别,将个体定位问题转化为多区域分类问题实现鸡只个体定位,从而实现栖息行为分析。试验结果表明,鸡只个体定位的准确率达到88.8%,平均定位误差为12.53 cm。鸡只在夜间栖息时长范围为9.80~10.67 h,每只鸡所需栖架长度约为15 cm。鸡只具有选择高处栖息习性,根据鸡只个体栖息行为规律发现,鸡只在进行栖息行为时更偏好栖架高层两侧区域,鸡只偏好性因高到低为:高层两侧、栖架高层中心、低层两侧、低层中心。

关键词： 智能工具柜   结构设计   RFID技术   嵌入式开发  

摘要： 为了解决学校实验室、工作室工器具设备管理上存在的工作量大、管理繁琐、易丢失等问题,该文设计了一款基于RFID技术可一键出入库的智能工具柜。该工具柜主要结构由伺服电机、RFID读写器、电子标签、柜体内部传动机构组成,其控制系统以Arduino Mega2560为主核,通过RFID的系统设计与各机构之间的相互配合,并利用ESP8266与工具柜实现联网,理论上可保证工器具的一键精准出入库。根据设计数据,利用SolidWorks建立智能工具柜的三维模型。所设计内容对于学校实验室、工作室的工器具实现更低成本、更高效率的管理具有一定程度上的研究意义。

关键词： 室内定位   射频识别技术   接收信号强度   随机森林  

摘要： 为解决现有射频识别技术在物流仓储型高精度定位需求领域应用率低且定位精度差的问题,提出了一种基于改进随机森林模型的射频识别技术定位方法。首先,搭建了多天线同时读取参考标签接收信号强度的环境,并在读取过程中采用迭代平均值过滤算法采集接收信号强度数值,采用滑动窗口从已有的接收信号强度数值中推导出新的属性,扩大机器学习的数据集。其次,引入随机森林分类模型,构建以接收信号强度及其新属性为输入,以X轴和Y轴坐标为输出的随机森林模型基础,并通过参数分析确定相关参数值,改进随机森林模型在室内定位方面的使用效果。最后,采用随机森林分类模型预测目标标签的所属区域,再利用相应区域随机森林回归模型预测目标标签的精确坐标,实现了基于射频识别技术接收信号强度的室内精确定位。在室内环境下,通过所搭建的射频识别技术室内定位方法可测得的平均定位误差为4.89 cm,与其他算法相比平均定位精度提高80%以上,能够满足物流高密度仓储场景下的物品定位需求。

关键词： RFID   辅助运输   动态编码   管理平台  

摘要： 针对复杂地质条件下矿井物料辅助运输多种类、多目标、多运输设备的现状,为解决辅助运输物资配送过程中存在的一物多码、数据管理难度大以及物料难以追踪的问题,提出一种物料辅助运输动态编码方法,并开发了矿井物料智能管理平台。通过运用RFID标签,关联物料信息动态数据库,构建了集管理平台、手持终端、RFID读写器三位一体的物料管理配送体系。该研究在贵州某矿应用表明,系统能够实现煤矿物资的智能化管理,提高了矿井物料配送效率,对煤矿安全生产和降本增效有重要作用。

关键词： Authentication protocol   BAN logic   Lightweight encryption function   Security analysis  

摘要： With the continuous in-depth study of the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) protocol, related problems are becoming increasingly prominent. The RFID authentication protocol is a necessary prerequisite for realizing the security of the RFID system and is of vital importance for ensuring the security of the authentication process. However, the existing protocols still cannot solve the problems faced by the RFID system, such as the vulnerability of tag identification to being captured and the easy leakage of data. Based on this, a new mutual authentication protocol (Lightweight Norm Cross Protocol for RFID, LNCP) between servers, readers, and tags is proposed. Firstly, considering the confidentiality of the existing RFID authentication protocol authentication process data, a cross-type lightweight encryption algorithm (Narrative Cross, NCross) is designed, and an example is given. Secondly, the encryption of the dynamic session key and dynamic tag identification participation algorithm are used to overcome the disadvantages that static tag identification is easy to be captured and improve the security of authentication. In addition, the security of the LNCP protocol has been comprehensively verified by using the Scyther tool, applying the BAN logic, and adopting the informal method. The results of various verifications show that the LNCP protocol can effectively resist replay attacks, simulated reader attacks, simulated tag attacks, and traceability attacks, which fully demonstrates that the LNCP protocol has good security. Finally, in the performance test of software and hardware simulation based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), the LNCP protocol requires 51 units of Look Up Tables (LUTs), and the utilization rate of logic slices is 1%, which verifies that the proposed protocol has a low hardware implementation cost and high authentication efficiency.

关键词： Structural health inspection   Passive RFID sensors   Metal cracks  

摘要： Aiming at the limitations of traditional NDT techniques in the field of structural health inspection in detecting cracks and their deployment on metal surfaces, a passive RFID sensor has been designed to detect the width of metal cracks. The sensor is a circle embedded in four rectangular slots with center symmetry. The sensor system model is created using the electromagnetic simulation software HFSS, and simulations are performed in the frequency range of 2-6 GHz to detect metal cracks in the width range of 1.5-2.5 mm. The simulation results show that under the excitation of electromagnetic waves in the y-polarization direction, the cracks in the 0 degrees and 90 degrees directions will cause the frequency shift in different directions with the increase of width. Fitting the width of the crack along the 0 degrees and 90 degrees orientations to the sensor's resonant frequency shift yields sensitivities of 128 MHz/ mm and 114 MHz/mm, correspondingly. The sensor can easily detect surface defects on metal structures while being low-cost, easy to deploy, and has a simple structure.

关键词： Evolutionary computation   Meta-heuristics   Neural network algorithm   Machine learning   Radio frequency identification network   planning   Internet of things  

摘要： Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is recognised as an effective solution for Internet of Things (IoT) applications across various domains. However, scheduling an RFID system presents an NP-hard combinatorial optimisation problem known as the RFID network planning problem (RNP). This problem requires satisfying several criteria, including a minimum number of antennas for full coverage and a balanced load, while avoiding interference for optimal deployment. Previous studies have often relied on arbitrary initial parameters, particularly concerning the number of antennas, leading to suboptimal solutions. This study investigates a novel approach to address the RNP problem by employing a hybrid metaheuristic-based approach incorporating the advantages of artificial neural networks, whereby machine learning methods are implemented to automatically initiate the initial number of antennas. This study introduces a novel approach named 'I-RAENNA', which is evaluated against well-known instances and compared to established methods such as VNPSO, HPSO, CSP, RAE-NNA, and SLIWMBBO. The experimental results demonstrate that I-RAENNA significantly outperforms state-of-the-art solutions, proving its effectiveness in improving RFID system deployment.

关键词： RFID   NFC   HF antennas   UHF antennas   EAS   Reader antennas   RFID antennas  

摘要： This paper presents an overview of antenna designs for passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tags for near field communication (NFC) and electronic article surveillance (EAS) systems. We discussed several antenna designs such as handheld reader antennas and fixed reader antennas for various applications. The paper also provides a brief discussion on RFID technology with its current state-of-the-art applications. We compare NFC and EAS technologies by reviewing contemporary research in these with reported antenna designs and applications. The paper discusses the design procedure for these antennas along with their characteristics and results. Moreover, the results presented by different researchers have been discussed in detail. It has been observed from the presented literature that RFID technology is key to many existing as well as future applications.

关键词： bat conservation   Chiroptera   dispersal   hibernation   Myotis daubentonii   Myotis nattereri   RFID tag   hibernacula   site fidelity  

摘要： In the temperate zone, many bat species depend on underground sites during the autumn mating period and as hibernacula in winter. Anthropogenic or natural alteration or destruction of a hibernaculum may severely threaten the bats that rely on the site, especially if they are not aware of suitable alternatives. Currently, the rate at which bats visit other hibernacula, or disperse between them, is poorly understood. Here, we studied hibernation site fidelity in two European bat species, Daubenton's bat (Myotis daubentonii) and Natterer's bat (Myotis nattereri), that share hibernacula but differ in their hibernation phenology and mating systems. The activity of over 2500 RFID-tagged individuals was monitored using an automated recording system at the entrances of three hibernacula over eight full years. Hibernation site fidelity was high in both species, with only 1.6% of Daubenton's bats and 4.1% of Natterer's bats moving between the monitored sites during their lifetimes. Juvenile bats moved more frequently than adults and contrary to our expectations, in Natterer's bats, more females moved between hibernacula than males. Movements almost always occurred during the autumn mating season, and more frequently between neighboring hibernacula than between distant sites. Finally, we also found that individuals rarely explored more than one of the three entrances to a site, despite their close proximity. Taken together, our results suggest that some juvenile bats may explore multiple sites, but that they rarely disperse to other hibernacula as adults. As a result, most individuals are either not aware of alternative sites or do not regularly update this information. We therefore argue that the creation of new underground objects as a mitigation measure may not function as an immediate compensation for the disturbance or the loss of an existing hibernaculum. Instead, the proactive identification and protection of existing hibernacula should be prioritized.

关键词： Feeder visits   Chickens   RFID   Hock burn   Footpad dermatitis  

摘要： Collecting data on broiler behaviour patterns in group-housed settings can be challenging, as broilers are difficult to recognize individually. However, broiler behaviour patterns can be valuable for assessing health, welfare and performance. Here, individual feeding patterns of group-housed broilers were studied. Data on feeder visits of 58 randomly selected and subsequently RFID-tagged broilers were used, that were housed in a group of approximately 800 birds in a 45 m2 pen. Feed and water were provided ad libitum, with a total of 16 feeders available to the broilers. All feeders except one (due to farm equipment blocking the access) were fitted with an RFID antenna to detect presence of the broilers at the feeders. The number of feeder visits and feeding durations at the individual level during the period from 20 to 30 d old were examined. In addition, birds' individual body weights (g) were determined at 14, 21, 27 and 35 d of age, and at 21, 27 and 35 d of age gait scores were determined by experienced observers. The feeders used within the pen (i.e., whether feeding occurred in one area or was spread out across the pen) varied between individuals, and for some birds also changed with age. Furthermore, with higher body weights at 14 d of age, the number of different feeders visited in a day was lower (estimate = -0.011, P = 0.002) and the mean feeding bout duration was higher (estimate = 0.130, P = 0.007). In contrast, larger body weight gain between 14 and 35 d of age was related to more different feeders visited within a day (estimate = 0.028, P = 0.005) and shorter feeding bout durations (estimate = -0.390, P = 0.005). No relationships of feeding descriptors with gait classification were observed. Overall, feeding patterns vary between individual broilers and, given the observed relationships between feeding patterns and weight gain, feeding patterns have potential to be informative for broiler growth in research and commercial conditions.