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关键词： 射频识别   超高频   标签   标签天线   双面抗金属  

摘要： 提出一种小型化螺旋环结构双面抗金属超高频RFID标签。标签天线由3层金属平面组成,其中中间层为辐射贴片,上下两层为接地面,通过两层1 mm厚度泡棉基板隔离。辐射贴片包括外部环形贴片与内部螺旋环贴片,标签芯片位于环形贴片与螺旋环贴片之间。当标签天线下层接地面接触金属背景时,中间层辐射贴片和上层接地面共同产生有效辐射;反之,当上层接地面接触金属背景时,中间层辐射贴片和下层接地面可共同产生有效辐射,从而实现标签的双面抗金属性能和小型化。理论和仿真分析表明,改变中间层螺旋环贴片长度可有效调节天线的感抗,有利于实现天线与芯片阻抗共轭匹配。天线尺寸为35 mm×20 mm×2.15 mm,仿真和实测结果表明,标签天线与芯片间最大功率传输系数在双面状态下均能达到98%以上;在902～928 MHz频率范围内和读写器设置为3.28 W等效全向辐射功率(EIRP)条件下,标签双面状态分别放置于200 mm×200 mm金属板上时最大读取距离分别为7.5和7.6 m,最低灵敏度均为-14 d Bm。本文所提出标签具有体积小、双面抗金属一致性好、读取距离远等优点,可有效提升金属环境应用场景中悬挂式标签的识别能力和稳定性,为复杂金属环境下的RFID标签应用提供了高效解决方案。

关键词： 电网电表   EFQ算法   自动化巡检   RFID   数据采集  

摘要： 在智慧电网的整体发展趋势下，为解决大规模设备管理中效率低下的问题，本文设计并提出了电网大规模设备盘点智慧系统。该系统通过整合机器人巡检技术、物联网数据采集手段及智能化数据处理技术，为大规模电网设备的自动化巡检与高效管理提供了一种系统化的解决方案。然而，RFID标签冲突问题成为该系统在密集标签场景下高效运行的关键瓶颈。为此，本文在智慧系统的设计基础上，面向该系统提出了一种智能增强型动态帧队列算法（EFQ）。EFQ算法通过动态帧调整与优先级优化策略，提升了高密度场景下的识别效率与系统稳定性。本文对EFQ算法与IABS算法、ICT算法的性能表现进行了对比。实验结果表明，EFQ算法在吞吐量和冲突率方面表现出显著优势，冲突率降低超过30%，系统效率提升约15%。尽管在识别时间上与其他算法相比无显著差异，但EFQ算法的整体性能更加稳定，尤其适用于密集标签场景的设备管理需求。

关键词： RFID定位   边缘计算   相控阵天线   A3C算法   复杂环境   多路径效应  

摘要： 为了提升RFID定位技术在复杂环境中的精度、鲁棒性和实时性，本文提出了一种基于多节点边缘计算协同的RFID相控阵智能定位方法。该方法利用相控阵天线实现波束动态控制，结合多节点边缘计算处理大规模标签数据，从而降低多路径效应和信号衰减的影响。同时，系统集成A3C强化学习算法，根据环境变化动态优化定位参数，提高系统适应性和稳定性。实验分别在标准环境和复杂环境下进行测试，复杂环境中模拟了大量金属货架、多路径效应和动态干扰源，并对比RSSI、TDOA及本文方法的定位误差和准确率。实验结果表明，在标准环境中，本文方法的定位误差降低至0.8-0.9米，准确率达到92%；在复杂环境中，误差控制在1米以内，准确率保持在90%以上，显著优于传统方法。此外，在智能仓储资产管理系统中的实际应用验证进一步证明了该方法的高精度和鲁棒性，盘点准确率从85%提升至96%，误判率降至1.5%。本文研究为RFID定位技术在智慧城市、电网资产管理和物流仓储等领域的应用提供了可靠的技术支撑，展现出优异的环境适应性和高效的定位能力。

关键词： Sensors   Chipless RFID   Capacitors   Dielectric measurement   Semiconductor device measurement   Transmission line measurements   Sensor phenomena and characterization   Chipless radio frequency identification (RFID)   chipless RFID sensors   dielectric constant   minerals   relative permittivity   rocks   sensory tag   relative permittivity   rocks   sensory tag  

摘要： This article introduces an innovative approach to measure the dielectric constants of solid geological samples using a cross-polarized chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) sensor. Co-polarized RFID sensors often face interference from the material under test (MUT), resulting in significant deviations in resonance frequency. To address this issue, we developed a cross-polarized chipless RFID sensor that transmits and receives signals in different polarization directions, enhancing measurement accuracy. Our sensor features resonator-integrated ground plane cylindrical capacitors designed to detect variations in the dielectric properties of minerals and rocks. Both simulation and experimental validation indicate that the sensor can identify dielectric constant variations ranging from 1 to 10, with a frequency shift sensitivity of 63.5 MHz per dielectric unit. The sensor was tested on various mineral and rock samples, demonstrating alignment with established dielectric values. Operating effectively across a wide frequency range of 3.1-10.6 GHz, the system is well-suited for ultrawideband (UWB) applications. This proposed method is cost-effective, compact, and compatible with remote sensing platforms, presenting a promising alternative for mineralogical and geophysical testing applications.

关键词： Internet of Things   Security   Authentication   Protocols   Systematic literature review   Object recognition   Privacy   Keyword search   Computational modeling   Complexity theory   Attacks   authentication   Internet of Things (IoT)   protocols   RFID   security   technologies  

摘要： The idea of the Internet of Things (IoT) is to connect objects and smart devices with any digital element seamlessly at anytime, anywhere, with anything. These devices or objects are characterized by low power consumption, lower bandwidth usage, limited processing power, and limited memory capacity. This article presents a systematic literature review (SLR) of the state-of-the-art security challenges of IoT systems designed for authentication. It reports the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and attacks associated with the proposed authentication models. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of IoT-compatible protocols, enabling technologies, and countermeasures to mitigate risk in IoT is investigated. This study uses the PRISMA methodology to review peer-reviewed articles published from 2014 to 2023, studying 100+ papers by selecting approximately 10 papers each year. It provides a detailed overview that contrasts and compares the advances in securing IoT devices to date while identifying remaining open research questions for IoT security designs. This article highlights the need for a survey integrating authentication models with compatible protocols and other lightweight technologies. The examination and analysis in this work contribute to the body of knowledge and serve as a roadmap for researchers and practitioners to improve their work while designing IoT security models.

关键词： Sewer monitoring   UHF-RFID sensors   Blockage detection   Inflow and infiltration   Water level measurement   Flow velocities  

摘要： Sewer blockages and inflow-and-infiltration (I/I) pose significant challenges to aging urban infrastructure, often leading to sewage overflows and environmental contamination with human pathogens. Conventional detection methods, including ultrasonic sensors, CCTV, infra-red cameras, and fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing systems, are costly, labor-intensive, and limited in scalability. This study introduces the use of ultra-high frequency radio frequency identification (UHF-RFID)-based sensors for real-time monitoring of water levels and surface flow velocities in simulated sewer systems, offering a novel, robust, and cost-effective solution for detecting sewer blockages and I/I events. To achieve this, we developed a UHF-RFID water depth ruler that demonstrated a near-identical accuracy to conventional point gauges (R-2 > 0.998) in various flow conditions. Additionally, our custom-designed UHF-RFID-based floating sensors accurately quantify a wide range of surface velocities under turbulent conditions (up to 72 L/s) in a controlled flume environment. By correlating surface flow velocity and water depth profiles, we could accurately identify blockage severity and detect point source I/I events in real-time within an open channel flume. The findings highlight UHF-RFID sensors as a low-cost, robust, and high-throughput tool for continuous sewer monitoring. Their scalability and ease of deployment make them ideal for integration into complex smart sewer infrastructure, significantly enhancing buried asset management. This research presents an innovative advancement in sewer monitoring technology, offering municipalities a scalable and efficient approach to maintaining the health and functionality of urban sewer networks while mitigating the risks of overflows and environmental pollution.

关键词： RFID   Internet-of-Things   energy harvesting   wireless sensing   machine learning  

摘要： This paper presents a Virtualized Computational Radio Frequency Identification (VCRFID) solution that utilizes far-field UHF RF for sensing, computing, and self-powering at the edge. A standard UHF RFID system is asymmetric as it consists of a relatively large, complex "reader", which acts as an RF transmitter and controller for a number of small simple battery-less "tags", which work in passive mode as they communicate and harvest RF energy from the reader. Previously proposed Computational RFID (CRFID) solutions enhance the standard RFID tags with microcontrollers and sensors in order to gain enhanced functionality, but they end up requiring a relatively high level of power, and thus ultimately reduced range, which limits their use for many Internet-of-Things (IoT) application scenarios. Our VCRFID solution instead keeps the functionality of the tags minimalistic by only providing a sensor interface to be able to capture desired environmental data (temperature, humidity, vibration, etc.), and then transmit it to the RFID reader, which then performs all the computational load usually carried out by a microcontroller on the tag in prior work. This virtualization of functions enables the design of a circuit without a microcontroller, providing greater flexibility and allowing for wireless reconfiguration of tag functions over RF for a 97% reduction in energy consumption compared to prior energy-harvesting RFID tags with microcontrollers. The target application is Industry 4.0 where our VCRFID solution enables battery-less fine-grain monitoring of vibration and temperature data for pumps and motors for predictive maintenance scenarios.

关键词： RFID Technology   Digital Supply Chain   Socio-technology System Theory   Systematic Literature Review  

摘要： This paper conducts a systematic literature review of 109 peer-reviewed articles to examine the socio-technical factors shaping the implementation of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in supply chain management. Guided by socio-technical systems theory, the study categorizes the findings into social and technical subsystems and identifies seven key synergy mechanism factor that underpin successful deployment. The results show that challenges related to strategic decision-making, cultural adaptability, privacy, system integration, and cost-effectiveness plays a significant role in determining implementation outcomes. The study offers a novel socio-technical framework for understanding RFID adoption and contributes to theory by highlighting the interplay between human and technological dimensions. Practical implications are discussed for integrated system design and strategic planning, alongside research limitations and suggestions for future studies.

关键词： 射频识别   循环旁通工具   堵漏工具   室内试验   现场试验   新疆油田  

摘要： 针对当前机械式堵漏工具井下开关次数受限、端口过流面积小等功能局限性问题，突破井下工具非接触、无限级控制技术瓶颈，设计研制了一种具有自主知识产权的射频识别(RFID)循环旁通工具，由RFID通信系统、供电系统、液压控制系统、机械执行系统等组成，可开关次数大于30次，旁通过流面积为常规工具的5倍以上，可做到内部全通径，并在百口泉bDT23012井、新疆油田HW1250井累计现场试验4井次，验证了工具的整体可靠性。应用结果表明：RFID循环旁通工具可打破国际油服公司对高端随钻循环旁通工具的垄断，提升工具稳定性和可靠性，提升随钻堵漏、大排量洗井作业技术水平，满足特殊地质条件、特殊工况、特殊钻具结构随钻堵漏作业需求，并与机械式堵漏工具形成系列化产品。

关键词： 高速公路收费站   电子信息系统   RFID技术   图像识别技术  

摘要： 随着高速公路网络的日益完善,收费站作为高速公路网络的重要组成部分,其运行效率和服务质量对提升交通通行能力至关重要。本文旨在探讨高速公路收费站中电子信息系统的设计与应用,通过对系统功能性需求和非功能性需求的分析,设计了包含车辆识别、计费管理、数据存储与管理、监控与报警以及客户服务与交互等功能的电子信息系统。该系统采用 RFID 技术、图像识别技术、数据库技术和网络通信技术,实现了高效、安全、智能的收费站管理。