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关键词： NFC   NFC-enabled devices   digital money transactions   RFID   EMV cards   cyber risks   digital privacy   contactless payment regulations   cyber security  

摘要： Today, many businesses use near-field communications (NFC) payment solutions, which allow them to receive payments from customers quickly and smoothly. However, this technology comes with cyber security risks which must be analyzed and mitigated. This study explores the cyber risks associated with NFC transactions and examines strategies for mitigating these risks, focusing on payment devices. This paper provides an overview of NFC technology, related security vulnerabilities, privacy concerns, and fraudulent activities. It then investigates payment devices such as smartphones, contactless cards, and wearables, highlighting their features and vulnerabilities. The study also examines encryption, authentication, tokenization, biometric authentication, and fraud detection methods as risk mitigation strategies. The paper synthesizes theoretical frameworks to provide insights into NFC transaction security and offers stakeholder recommendations.

关键词： Charging station   Electrical vehicles   Energy economics   Energy management   Internet-of-things   Renewable energy resources   Scheduling   smart security   Sustainable development   Sustainable transportation  

摘要： The widespread adoption of electrical vehicles (EVs) has led to an increased demand for charging stations which required an adequate charging infrastructure. However, this challenge brings substantial financial and ecological implications for the power grid and other major stakeholders such as EV users, system operators and policymakers. To resolve this issue, this work proposes a smart EV charging infrastructure that provides 1) effective load management of EVs, 2) real-time monitoring of charging slots at a charging station, 3) smart security system, and 4) integration of renewable energy resources (RERs) into charging stations. This is achieved by setting out how to incorporate photovoltaic (PV) system into charging station infrastructure while suggesting effective EV load management with optimal energy utilization and minimal energy costs. Also, the annual power production of PV systems and power sharing between different power resources has been investigated to enable effective decisions about EV scheduling. The proposed infrastructure also offers an internet-of-things (IoT)-based monitoring of fast/slow charging units with real-time slot tracking to the users and charging station operators. The security aspect of the charging station is covered by a sensor-driven radio frequency identification (RFID) system. Experimental results that the proposed system generates 1,055,326 kWh/year, reducing grid reliance by 50% (to 335,775 kWh) and lowering CO2 emissions from 425,326 kg to 212,210 kg. Moreover, energy costs drop from $0.30 to $0.13 per kWh and 270,567 kWh/year energy is sold back to the grid. The proposed system yields a net present revenue of $1,020,000 which demonstrates significant economic and environmental benefits.

关键词： RFID   Gas sensor   Acetone   Ammonia gas  

摘要： In recent years, with the rapid development of information technology such as the Internet of Things, gas sensors, as gas signal collection devices, have played a vital role in environmental monitoring, industrial and agricultural production, food safety management, medical health diagnosis and air quality monitoring. In industrial production, acetone and ammonia are common chemicals that can leak or exceed safe concentrations, necessitating timely detection and alarm systems to ensure worker safety. Therefore, it is imperative to detect the content of acetone and ammonia, which are widely used and toxic gases. In this paper, a wireless gas sensor based on lanthanum ferrite (LaFeO3)/zinc oxide (ZnO)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was proposed and designed to detect acetone and ammonia concentrations at room temperature. The gas sensor with perforations is optimized using HFSS software, and the antenna is fabricated using an engraving machine. Subsequently, the nanocomposite material is coated onto the antenna to complete the gas sensor. The microstructure of lanthanum ferrite/zinc oxide/graphene is characterized and analyzed. Test results demonstrate that the sensor operates within a range of 300 ppm similar to 1000 ppm for acetone concentration, exhibiting an amplitude change of 16.28 dB and a sensitivity of 0.023 dB/ppm. Furthermore, when operating stably within a range of 150 ppm similar to 800 ppm for ammonia concentration, the sensitivity of the sensor reaches 0.328 MHz/ppm. Compared to traditional gas sensors, this gas sensor offers advantages such as high detection accuracy, minimal environmental interference factors, excellent selectivity, and prolonged lifespan;presenting promising prospects for detecting toxic gases in laboratories and chemical factories.

关键词： Conductive ink   Flexible electronics   Inkjet printing   Screen-printing   Electroless plating   Passive RFID tag antenna   Wearable antenna   E-textile  

摘要： Radio frequency identification (RFID) is an emerging technology that has a crucial role in many areas. To be suitable for these applications, RFID tags must be flexible, which presents greater manufacturing challenges. Printing as an additive manufacturing method is preferred over subtractive processes due to its efficient use of materials and environmental friendliness. This review presents key properties of the printed patterns, namely electrical conductivity, layer thickness, and surface morphology. It links them to the reading distance between the RFID tag and the reader. The types of conductive inks and their role in achieving a long-read distance of flexible antennas are also discussed. The properties of flexible substrates linked to the printing process are also presented. These substrates were classified into paper, polymer, and textiles. This article considers two laboratory-scale printing techniques commonly used in research: inkjet and screen printing. The printing parameters of these printing techniques that affect the printing quality are covered. Furthermore, electroless plating is presented as a metallization process or a complementary method to other printing techniques.

关键词： Radiofrequency identification   Accuracy   Reflection   Location awareness   Couplings   Technological innovation   Costs   RFID   wireless sensing   inventory tracking  

摘要： This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of TaGroup, a fast, fine-grained, and robust grouping technique for RFIDs. It can achieve a nearly 100% accuracy in distinguishing multiple groups of closely located RFIDs, within only a few seconds. It would benefit many inventory tracking applications, such as self-checkout in retails and packaging quality control in logistics. We make two technical innovations. First, we propose a novel method which can measure the channels between multiple pairs of commercial RFID tags simultaneously, and then estimate the proximity relations between them based on the channel information. Second, we introduce a spatio-temporal graph model which captures a full picture of proximity relations among all the tags, based on which TaGroup can perform a robust grouping of the tags. These two designs together boost the grouping speed and accuracy of TaGroup. Our experiments show that in grouping 120 tags into 4 closely located groups, TaGroup can achieve a nearly 100% accuracy, at the cost of only 2 seconds.

关键词： Drone   Inventory   Perishables   RFID   Warehouse  

摘要： Warehouse inventory management is a complex process. When inventory includes perishables, the complexity of these processes is compounded with additional requirements such as appropriate ambient storage conditions and placement of one type of perishables (e.g., bananas) far away from another type of perishables (e.g., strawberries). With perishables spending a significant amount of time post-harvest in warehouses, appropriate management of warehouse inventory is necessary to reduce wastage due to spoilage. Drone-based warehouse inventory management is gaining popularity as seen in the increasing number of firms in this space as well as the number of research publications. RFID tags have been widely used for inventory management for more than two decades. While drones have been successfully used in warehouses with non-perishables, RFID and drone use in warehouses with perishables has not witnessed its fair share as evidenced by the lack of publications in this general area. This paper is a step in the direction to address this void in published literature. We consider object-level RFID tags and drones to automate warehouse inventory management of perishables. Results from our analytical model and simulation analysis indicate that such warehouse automation is beneficial to both the warehouse operators and their customers.

关键词： RFID   Light sensitive   ELC resonator   Nanocomposites  

摘要： A chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) photosensitive sensor composed of zinc oxide (ZnO) / graphene oxide (GO) / cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanocomposites is designed and fabricated for remote monitoring of light in the environment. The label consists of a dielectric layer, a resonant structure, and a sensitive layer. The dielectric layer is made of inexpensive epoxy resin. By replacing the parallel plate capacitance of the traditional ELC resonator with the interdigital capacitance (idc), an ELC idc resonator with a larger capacitance per unit area is obtained and optimized by HFSS simulation. The label is evaluated using a vector network analyzer, and the experimental results confirm the feasibility of the photosensitive label. In the light environment of 0-49 klx, the sensitivity of the photosensitive label is 895.31 Hz/lx thus meeting the requirement for the monitoring of environmental light.

关键词： Authentication  

摘要： Nowadays, wireless technology has been widely used in healthcare and communication systems. It makes our life easier in all respects. A radiofrequency identification device (RFID) has been deployed as a wireless and identity communication device. RFID is a low-resource device that requires cryptography with limited energy regarding the minimum key size. Security and authentication between the server and the tags are key challenges for an RFID system to maintain data privacy. This article presents the security vulnerabilities of recent existing RFID authentication schemes. Keeping the focus on stringent security, privacy, and low cost, we have designed a new lightweight group authentication protocol for the robust RFID system. A single server controls multiple tags by using the proposed lightweight protocol in the RFID system. Formal and informal security analysis is performed compared to other lightweight group authentication articles in which only informal security analysis is carried out. The formal security strength of our proposed protocol is analyzed using the AVISPA (Automated Verification of Internet Security Protocol Analysis) tool, confirming that it is safe from different security threats. The newly designed protocol’s performance analysis results are measured in terms of computational cost, storage space, and communication cost. Finally, the combined consequence of security and lightweight of the proposed group authentication protocol is superior and outperforms compared to the existing scheme. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Temperature measurement   Mathematical models   Sensors   Calibration   Temperature distribution   Rubber   Thermocouples   Predictive models   Ovens   Data models   Sensor applications   battery-less sensors   radio frequency identification (RFID) tags   temperature sensors   ultra high frequency (UHF)   wireless sensors  

摘要： While current Internet of Things (IoT) deployment is ready to cover most cases of digital industries, there are still some lacks in critical applications where high temperature, cost-effective, and battery-less sensors could enhance the manufacture process. In this letter, we propose the use of a standard ultra high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) battery-less sensor for measuring high temperatures in industrial settings. To achieve this, we modify the thermal properties of a commercial tag using a rubber enclosure and thermal tape. We then develop a physical thermal model of the encapsulated tag to predict the external temperature using the tag's temperature readout. Two applications of the model and two approaches for measurement range enlargement are presented and compared, proving that this could be a powerful way to address high temperature applications in a fast and cost-effective manner.

关键词： Barcode-engraved instrument   Item management   Operator proficiency   Radio-frequency identification   Surgical instrument  

摘要： Introduction: To improve patient safety and reduce burden on healthcare professionals and institutions, the individual management of surgical instruments is essential. There are two methods for individual item management: radio-frequency identification (RFID) and barcoding. However, there has been no examination of efficiency regarding reading times. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the reading times of RFID-tagged and barcodeengraved surgical instruments and evaluate the influence of operator proficiency. Methods: The participants included 8 individuals and 41 surgical instruments from a varicose vein set. RFID tags and barcodes were attached to the surgical instruments. Five trials were conducted for each, and the reading times were measured. Results: The reading times for RFID-tagged surgical instruments in the skilled and unskilled groups were 64.0 f 9.0s and 79.4 f 17.0 s, respectively, whereas those for barcode-engraved surgical instruments were 190.4 f 28.1 s and 212.3 f 40.3 s, respectively. Barcodes took 3.0 and 2.7 times longer to read than RFID-tagged instruments for the skilled and unskilled groups, respectively. Additionally, skilled operators using barcodes required 2.4 times more time than unskilled operators using RFID. Even nonmedical individuals were able to achieve quick and accurate readings with RFID. The estimated labor hours per person were $24,146-$42,322 for RFID and $71,078-$110,898 for barcode scanning for a year (working 8 h/ d for 250 d). Conclusions: RFID-tagged surgical instruments impose a lighter workload and financial burden than barcode-engraved surgical instruments. RFID technology may also improve patient safety due to less dependency on operator proficiency. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://***/licenses/by/4.0/).