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关键词： Parid   City   RFID   Morphology   Environment  

摘要： Urbanization has a tremendous impact on the environment from landscape features to distribution of food resources. Such drastic environmental changes can result in community, population, and individual differences between urban and non-urban animals. Urbanization has been associated with differential mortality and reproduction and therefore, differences in age structure may also be expected across urban gradients. Additionally, many traits studied along urban gradients, such as morphology, can also differ across age classes, and as such, age is an important factor to consider. Despite this, differences in age structure along urbanization gradients have only rarely been examined. Here, we use black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) age, morphological, and feeder visitation data to address whether age structure, morphology, and age-related winter survival differ across a gradient of urban land use in and around Ottawa, ON. We test the hypothesis that urbanization is associated with higher proportions of juveniles, because of an increased exploratory tendency by juveniles against the hypothesis that urbanization favors higher proportions of adults because of a slower pace of life. We further hypothesize that urban chickadees will be smaller than non-urban ones, because anthropogenic environments will attract both younger and worse quality individuals. We found that urban environments were associated with significantly higher proportions of first year individuals and these proportions remained stable from late fall through all of winter. We did not, however, find evidence that age related differences explained variation in morphology. Instead variation in morphology was small and inconsistently associated with both urbanization and age. The results stand in contrast to results for two species of European birds. The present study calls for using broadly available but under-exploited data to better understand urbanization-related differences in age structure and its

关键词： RFID   water intake   animal agriculture   motion detector   water quality   watering behavior   ranch   livestock   wildlife   data acquisition  

摘要： This paper presents a water intake monitoring system for animal agriculture that tracks individual animal watering behavior, water quality, and water consumption. The system is deployed in an outdoor environment to reach remote areas. The proposed system integrates motion detectors, cameras, water level sensors, flow meters, Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) systems, and water temperature sensors. The data collection and control are performed using Arduino microcontrollers with custom-designed circuit boards. The data associated with each drinking event are water consumption, water temperature, drinking duration, animal identification, and pictures. The data and pictures are automatically stored on Secure Digital (SD) cards. The prototypes are deployed in a remote grazing site located in Tucumcari, New Mexico, USA. The system can be used to perform water consumption and watering behavior studies of both domestic animals and wild animals. The current system automatically records the drinking behavior of 29 cows in a two-week duration in the remote ranch.

关键词： regulator   dropout voltage   quiescent current   RFID   IoT  

摘要： There are emerging applications, like bridge structural health monitoring, continuous patient condition and outdoor aiding of the elderly and the disabled, where Internet of things (IoT) nodes are used with very limited accessibility and no connection to the main supply network. They may also be exposed to harsh environmental conditions. These are applications where power and available area constraints are of great concern. In this paper, we design a 1.1 V low dropout (LDO) linear regulator in 40 nm technology to be embedded in IoT nodes. To address these constraints, we used state-of-the-art, variability-aware resistor-less sub-threshold biased CMOS-only ultra low power consumption configurations having low active area. The proposed LDO is internally compensated with embedded 18 pF Miller and 10 pF load capacitances. It can supply 1 mA maximum load current with 0.8 uA quiescent current. The dropout voltage of the regulator is 200 mV with minimum input voltage of 1.3 V. The efficiency of the regulator is 84%, which is about 99% of the maximum achievable efficiency for a 200 mV dropout voltage. The whole circuit, consisting of the embedded voltage reference and the Miller and load capacitances, takes less than 0.007 mm2 of the die size with 1 mu W power consumption.

关键词： RFID技术   现代仓储管理   优化设计  

摘要： 在目前的市场竞争形势下,仓储企业为提高自身的竞争力,需要不断引入新技术来提升仓储作业效率、减少资源浪费。在仓储管理领域,优化入库、出库、盘点流程等有重要的意义,可以有效实现降本增效目的,而这种整合主要是通过优化仓储管理流程而实现,有必要进行仓储管理系统的研究。

关键词： Global system for mobile communications  

摘要： The paper presents the design and development of the RFID based embedded the GSM module as the processors and the LCD as the display. This system aims at delivering a text message notification to the owner on an employee’s entry. In addition, the system also sends a video footage recording to the owner on a guest entry along with text notification. The background of the study, the design approaches for this system and the preliminary evaluation of the prototype are presented in this paper. The evaluation results indicate that the system is useful and easy to use for security purposes. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： 物联网   RFID   固定资产   电网企业   资产全寿命周期管理  

摘要： 大力推进智能电网建设,极大地促进了国家能源互联网的发展和建设。为了提高固定资产的运行效率,延长其使用寿命,电网公司逐步开始完善固定资产管理系统,为资产生命周期管理开拓新思路。从传统的管理方法来看,流程繁琐,效率低下。将物联网技术引入资产管理。由于物联网技术采用了先进、智能化的管理方法,将固定资产准确地纳入在线管理,并将网络信息集成到设备的运维中,为设备的使用提供决策分析,提高资产使用效率。本文分析了基于物联网的资产管理系统的有效措施。本文主要以电网公司为例,说明物联网技术在固定资产管理中的实际应用。本文介绍了物联网的技术特点和发展现状。针对电网企业固定资产管理的现状和问题,论述了依托物联网技术构建智能化固定资产管理信息系统的总体规划、信息系统的功能设计、系统应用的主要价值以后对固定资产管理的贡献。

ISBN: (纸本)9781665404181

关键词： Ice  

摘要： Owing to its low relative permittivity, very few microwave sensors have been developed for monitoring ice deposition. This paper presents the first use of UHF RFID tags for wireless RF ice sensing applications. Despite its low permittivity, the existence of ice as a superstrate on a planar ultra-thin dipole antenna can lower the resonance frequency of the antenna significantly. The RFID tags, having a measured unloaded range of 9.4 m, were evaluated for remotely detecting the formation of ice in various scenarios up to 10 m from the reader, as well as monitoring the ice thawing, based on the Relative Signal Strength (RSS) in a phase-free approach. In most RSS-based sensing approaches, the tag’s read-range is reduced as the RSS decreases in response to the stimulant. However, the proposed sensing mechanism does not reduce the tag’s range;the ice superstrate improves the impedance matching of the tags and increases their radar cross section (RCS), resulting in a 10 m loaded read-range with over 12 dB ice-sensitivity, in an echoic multi-path environment. The proposed sensing mechanism achieves an accuracy of 86% for tags positioned between 0.5 and 10.5 m with various obstructions. When subjected to line-of-sight metallic obstruction, the sensor still maintains 80% accuracy. The long range and high sensitivity of the proposed sensing mechanics show that UHF RFID is a promising method for detecting the formation of ice in future smart cities. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Firmware  

摘要： Emerging ultra-low-power tiny scale computing devices run on harvested energy, are intermittently powered, have limited computational capability, and perform sensing and actuation functions under the control of a dedicated firmware operating without the supervisory control of an operating system. Wirelessly updating or patching firmware of such devices is inevitable. We consider the challenging problem of simultaneous and secure firmware updates or patching for a typical class of such devices-Computational Radio Frequency Identification (CRFID) devices. We propose Wisecr, the first secure and simultaneous wireless code dissemination mechanism to multiple devices that prevents malicious code injection attacks and intellectual property (IP) theft, whilst enabling remote attestation of code installation. Importantly, Wisecr is engineered to comply with existing ISO compliant communication protocol standards employed by CRFID devices and systems. We comprehensively evaluate Wisecr's overhead, demonstrate its implementation over standards compliant protocols, analyze its security, implement an end-to-end realization with popular CRFID devices and open-source the complete software package on GitHub. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： SAW   temperature   sensor   package-less   SHM   simulation  

摘要： Surface acoustic wave sensors are a promising solution for structural health monitoring applications. They can withstand extreme operating conditions. However, they often fail in operation due to housing issues. In this work, we propose to use an innovative package-less structure in order to fully get rid of the latter. The package-less concept is based on a multilayer substrate whose thicknesses have been designed to ensure an acoustic mode propagating far from the sensor surface and a sensor that can be wirelessly interrogated at 2.45 GHz. The sensitivity to temperature of the guided acoustic mode velocity was determined using finite element simulation. From this calculation, the temperature sensitivity of the sensor was evaluated. In addition, coupling of modes parameters and time signature of the sensor were estimated. The obtained results, limitations and expected technical challenges are discussed as a closure.