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关键词： 软硬件   协同设计   高层次   协议通信   自顶向下  

摘要： 为了满足对于集成电路的复杂设计需求,继承了C++扩展库的SystemC的开发与设计应运而生。SytemC可以满足对于软硬件协同设计的要求,在设计的过程中,可以进行快速仿真和验证。针对于通信协议(ISO/IEC 18000-6C)进行较高层次的建模设计,采用函数调用的方式实现询问机和标签之间的协议通信。针对于UHF RFID(Ultra High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification)通信协议,从系统级设计到行为级设计,实现该协议的自顶向下的设计,完成了标签识别层和基带通信链路层的设计。最后采用Vivado HLS综合软件将SystemC源代码转化成Verilog等硬件描述语言,软件描述的系统级综合成RTL级代码。针对标签基带链路ENCODE_T模块,在Microsoft Visual C++6.0中对数据“1001001001011001”进行fm0\miller编码仿真之后,在Modelsim中完成了波形验证,并通过Vivado HLS综合软件将其转化为RTL级电路。

关键词： RFID   工业4.0   数据交换  

摘要： 射频识别技术(RFID)是自动识别技术的一种,通过无线射频方式进行非接触双向数据通信,利用无线射频方式对记录媒体(电子标签或射频卡)进行读写,从而达到识别目标和数据交换的目的。该技术是工业4.0的核心要素之一,本文主要研究西门子RF200读写器的应用。

关键词： RFID   Internet of things   Cryptography   Healthcare   Authentication  

摘要： Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an emerging technology that is used for the unique identification of objects. RFID can be used in different application domains, including Health-care systems, where the safety of patient-sensitive data is a primary concern. Since the RFID technology is used in various medicine sectors, particularly real-time patient monitoring, patient medicine Information, medical emergency, and drug administration system, the use of RFID raises severe security and privacy concerns. In order to cope with these security issues, we propose an Elliptic curve based authentication protocol for RFID. The proposed model uses an implicit certificate concept to secure health-care data. We prove this claim for secure communication using the formal security analysis, i.e., BAN logic, security analysis based on the mathematical model, i.e., ROR model, formal verification using AVISPA tool, and informal security analysis. We review some of the RFID authentication schemes based on ECC in terms of performance and security. Our analysis indicates that the proposed protocol provides mobility, scalability, security, and privacy in the health care environment.

关键词： RFID   sensors   RFID sensors   RFID antennas   RFID readers   chipless RFID   wireless sensors   wireless sensors networks   internet of things   metamaterials   metasurfaces   printed electronics  

摘要： A review of technological solutions for RFID sensing and their current or envisioned applications is presented. The fundamentals of the wireless sensing technology are summarized in the first part of the work, and the benefits of adopting RFID sensors for replacing standard sensor-equipped Wi-Fi nodes are discussed. Emphasis is put on the absence of batteries and the lower cost of RFID sensors with respect to other sensor solutions available on the market. RFID sensors are critically compared by separating them into chipped and chipless configurations. Both categories are further analyzed with reference to their working mechanism (electronic, electromagnetic, and acoustic). RFID sensing through chip-equipped tags is now a mature technological solution, which is continuously increasing its presence on the market and in several applicative scenarios. On the other hand, chipless RFID sensing represents a relatively new concept, which could become a disruptive solution in the market, but further research in this field is necessary for customizing its employment in specific scenarios. The benefits and limitations of several tag configurations are shown and discussed. A summary of the most suitable applicative scenarios for RFID sensors are finally illustrated. Finally, a look at some sensing solutions available on the market are described and compared.

关键词： Waveguide and microwave transmission line components   Single antennas   RFID systems   Metamaterials and structures (microwave)  

摘要： Meander-line and multi-layer antennas have been used extensively to design compact UHF radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags;however the overall size reduction of meander-line antennas is limited by the amount of parasitic inductance that can be introduced by each meander-line segment and multi-layer antennas can be too costly. In this paper, a new compact antenna topology for passive UHF RFID tags based on zeroth order resonant (ZOR) design techniques is presented. The antenna consists of lossy coplanar conductors and inter-connected inter-digital capacitor (IDC) unit-cells with a ZOR frequency near the operating frequency, which is a key component in the design process because the unit-cells chosen for the design are inductive at the operating frequency. This makes the unit-cells very useful for antenna miniaturization. The new design in this work has several benefits;namely the coplanar layout can be printed on a single layer, matching inductive loops that reduce antenna efficiency are not required and ZOR analysis can be used for the design. Finally, for validation, a prototype antenna was designed with a unit-cell ZOR resonant frequency of 900 MHz, fabricated and characterized. A maximum read-range of 7.6 m was determined.

关键词： Cellular automata   chipless RFID   fractal tags   game of life  

摘要： In this paper, we propose a novel design of low-profile fractal chipless tags with unique specific electromagnetic responses. The tags are designed using cellular automata (Game of Life) technique to ensure the randomness of the generated fractal tags. The tags are simulated in CST Microwave Studio for the frequency range of 2 to 10 GHz. The tags are realized on FR4 substrate and their radar cross-section (RCS) characteristics are analyzed for the nine different tags for the three different polarizations (horizontal, vertical, and oblique). Each tag shows a unique signature resonance response. The obtained results of coding capacity (16-20 bits), coding spatial capacity (1-1.25 bits/cm(2)), coding spectral capacity (2.15-2.9 bits/GHz), and coding density (0.15-0.18 bits/GHz x cm(2)) of realized tags are very good. The presented tags could be used for the development of secure RFID systems. In this paper, we propose a novel design of low-profile fractal chipless tags with unique specific electromagnetic responses. The tags are designed using cellular automata (Game of Life) technique to ensure the randomness of the generated fractal tags. The tags are simulated in CST Microwave Studio for the frequency range of 2 to 10 GHz. The tags are realized on FR4 substrate and their radar cross-section (RCS) characteristics are analyzed for the nine different tags for the three different polarizations (horizontal, vertical, and oblique). Each tag shows a unique signature resonance response. The obtained results of coding capacity (16-20 bits), coding spatial capacity (1-1.25 bits/cm(2)), coding spectral capacity (2.15-2.9 bits/GHz), and coding density (0.15-0.18 bits/GHz x cm(2)) of realized tags are very good. The presented tags could be used for the development of secure RFID systems.

关键词： capacitors   miniaturised circularly polarised antennas   dispersion-engineered metamaterial transmission lines   UHF band RFID application   Antenna accessories   electromagnetic wave polarisation   microstrip-slot coupling excitation   metamaterial antennas   microstrip antennas   positive resonance-based antennas   CP antenna   CRLH-TL   dispersion curve   CP radiation   polarisation reconfigurable antenna   RFID systems   metal-insulator-metal capacitor   metamaterial-based antennas   frequency 902 MHz to 928 MHz   Single antennas   broadband antennas   transmission lines   antenna radiation patterns   metallic screws   crossed CRLH-TLs   UHF antennas   antenna feeds   radiofrequency identification  

摘要： Miniaturised circularly polarised (CP) antennas based on dispersion-engineered metamaterial transmission lines (TLs) are proposed and developed for RFID applications. It is first studied and developed based on the equivalent circuit and dispersion curves of composite right/left-handed TL (CRLH-TL), which is featured by a novel/low-cost double-layered 3D structure, including metallic screws, one ground layer and metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor loaded on the top layer. CP radiation is achieved by two crossed CRLH-TLs with a microstrip-slot coupling excitation. One CP antenna and one polarisation reconfigurable antenna, which utilise CRLH-TLs are then implemented, respectively. Compared with the conventional right-handed (RH) TL-based antennas (positive resonance-based antennas), miniaturisation is achieved by pushing down the dispersion curve to a lower frequency using larger LH capacitance or/and inductance. Negative-order resonances could be successfully excited by cascading pi-type unit-cells. It shows similar radiation characteristics and additional size reduction as the positive resonance-based antennas. This antenna shows an electrical size of 0.24 lambda(0) x 0.24 lambda(0) x 0.03 lambda(0), a -10 dB bandwidth of 4.8%, and a peak gain of 4.2 dBic. It demonstrates advantages in terms of flexible size reduction, low cost, easy manufacturing, and good radiation performance, which are very suitable for 902-928 MHz UHF band RFID application.

关键词： Resonators   Antennas   Radiofrequency identification   Antenna measurements   Semiconductor device measurement   Scattering parameters   Resonant frequency   Chipless RFID   orientation sensor   RCS   scatterer   UWB  

摘要： This article presents a new reading method which is able to decode the backscattered signal of a chipless tag without any assumption on its orientation. The method is analytically justified by a model and can be applied to any known scatterers or chipless tags composed of multiple resonators. The presented approach is based on two orthogonal measurements in co-polarization on the reader part and can be optionally combined with time gating. Finally, read range is not reduced with this method since the entire energy of the chipless tag's antenna mode is exploited by the reader.

关键词： Authentication   RFID   Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)   Internet of Things (IoT)   Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)  

摘要： Nowadays, Internet of Things (IoT)-based E-healthcare represents an emergent research field due to the fast development of wireless technologies and cloud computing. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an integral technology in IoT thanks to its low cost and autonomous data collection and transfer. These features made it useful in Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) for healthcare applications. However, data security and patient privacy remain major challenges in WBANs. In this context, many authentication protocols have been designed trying to satisfy both security and implementation requirements. Most recently, Naeem et al. have proposed an RFID authentication scheme for IoT which is claimed to be secure and provides scalability. Unfortunately, we have found that their protocol does not provide authentication and anonymity and it is vulnerable to numerous attacks. To overcome these security issues, we propose, in this paper, an efficient extended and improved IoT-based RFID authentication scheme for WBANs. Our proposed protocol could resist to various attacks and ensure mutual authentication from the tag to the medical server, in addition to patients data security. For this, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) encryption mechanism and elliptic curve digital signature with message recovery (ECDSMR) have been adopted. Formal and informal analysis have proved that our proposed protocol succeeded to provide many security features and offer reliable data security with a considerably small computational and storage cost compared to existing schemes.

关键词： RFID   IoT   Mutual authentication   Lightweight  

摘要： Sensors and IoT (Internet of Things), which include RFID (Radio-Frequency IDentification) tags, have witnessed widespread adoption across a wide variety of application domains over the last two decades. These sensors and IoT devices are often a part of distributed sensor networks. As with any distributed processing scenario, there is a need to ensure that these devices provide required security and privacy to the tagged object as well as its bearer. Cryptography has been used to address the security and privacy aspects of RFID tags. Unlike a majority of other IoT devices, the commonly used passive RFID tags are extremely resource-constrained and therefore can accommodate only lightweight operations. Security and privacy concerns still need to be addressed as they remain significant regardless of implementation details. We evaluate RFID-based lightweight mutual authentication protocols that have been recently proposed and identify vulnerabilities.