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关键词： UHF Gen2 RFID   passive   chip asset tracking   obscuration   RF-only  

摘要： This paper presents a compact and largely digital UHF EPC Gen2-compatible RFID implemented using digital IP blocks that are easily portable. This is the first demonstration of a digital Gen2-compatible RFID tag chip with an area of 125 mu m x 245 mu m and -2 dBm sensitivity operating in the 860-960MHz band. It is enabled by a) largely standard cell-based digital implementation using dual-phase RF-only logic approach, b) near-threshold voltage operation, and c) elimination of area intensive, complex, and less scalable rectifiers, storage capacitors, and power management units used in conventional RFID tags. In this demonstration, all but six cells were directly used from the standard cell library provided by the foundry. This makes it suitable for cost-sensitive applications, and as embedded RFIDs for tagging counterfeit Integrated Circuits (ICs).

关键词： Special issues and sections   Meetings   Radiofrequency identification   Wireless power transfer   RFID tags   Location awareness  

摘要： The need to bridge the digital world to the physical one is growing quickly and the RFID technology is mature enough to meet this need. Moreover, the versatility of RFIDs inspires researchers from all over the world to find new techniques that further improve the technology for new cross-disciplinary applications involving localization, healthcare, energy harvesting, computer science and so on.

关键词： Radiofrequency identification   Data analysis   Smart manufacturing   Production facilities   Real-time systems   Data analytics   framework   heterogeneity   radio-frequency identification (RFID)   smart manufacturing  

摘要： As the wide use of various smart sensors in the manufacturing environment, traditional factories have been upgraded and transformed into an intelligent level. Smart manufacturing factory thus has been enabled by some advanced technologies, such as Internet of Things (IoT) which could facilitate production operations and decision-makings on the one hand. On the other hand, enormous data will be created by the IoT devices. Manufacturing companies are facing some challenges when attempting to make full use of the huge datasets which are heterogeneous in format, complex in logic, unstructured in storage, and abstract in interpretation. In order to address these challenges, this article proposes a data heterogeneous analytics framework for a radio-frequency identification (RFID) enabled factory. RFID captured data from a real-life company is used for validating the proposed framework. Specifically, the performance of machining processes, logistics operations, and inspection behavior are examined from the RFID captured data.

关键词： RFID   similar information   compression   time efficiency  

摘要： In Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applications, multiple tags may be deployed on the same object or area for security or precision purposes. These tags carry similar information and so can be grouped into a category. To collect such information, most existing works have to query all tags in each category, which is time-consuming. However, sampling a subset of tags from each category is sufficient. In this letter, we propose a new solution called arithmetic coding based sampling (ACS) protocol. Specifically, we construct a sparse vector to sample only a subset of tags from each category, which can not only avoid repetitive information collection but also reduce interference from unsampled tags. Moreover, we compress the sparse vector through arithmetic coding, which significantly reduces its transmission time. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that ACS outperforms existing solutions in time efficiency.

关键词： backscatter   passive RFID   UHF   MIMO  

摘要： Ultra-high frequency (UHF) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) passive radio frequency identification (RFID) systems have attracted the attention of many researchers in the last few years. The system modeling and theoretical performance analysis of these systems have been well investigated and revealed in many studies, yet the system prototype and the corresponding experimental results are scarce. In this study, measurements of a 1 x 2 x 1 UHF passive RFID system, including a MIMO UHF passive RFID tag prototype and its corresponding software-defined radio-based reader, taken in a microwave anechoic chamber, are presented. The experimental results are compared with theoretical values and computer simulations. The overall results demonstrate the consistency and the feasibility of UHF MIMO passive RFID systems.

关键词： Subsidy   Food Security   RFID   Inventory inaccuracy   Price setting newsvendor  

摘要： In countries that fight malnutrition and hunger, governments and international agencies sponsor subsidy programmes to improve consumption of staple food among the poor. Although the donors in such programmes provide product subsidy to make it affordable and accessible, the supply chain used to deliver these products to the end beneficiary is prone to losses and diversion. Intervention of advanced technologies like RFID, GPS, and GIS are likely to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of such systems. However, considering budget limitation, a key concern for the donors is to investigate how diversion of fund in favour of technology would impact the product subsidy and expected consumption. We model the situation as a price-taking and price-setting newsvendor who implements the subsidy programme, and a donor who provides funding, to investigate the issue. We perform numerical analysis using actual data concerning to the food security system of India and our results show that, for both the price-taking and price-setting situation, the system with RFID generates more consumption as compared to that of the non-RFID situation at same donor budget. We also find that, fixing the price at suitable level the donors could control the profit of the implementing firm, and could generate more consumption as compared to that of the price decontrol situation.

关键词： Phase measurement   Location awareness   Bandwidth   Wireless communication   RFID tags   Three-dimensional displays   Simultaneous localization and mapping   Phase measurement   particle filters   Internet of Things   simultaneous localization and mapping  

摘要： This work revisits particle filtering RFID localization methods, solely based on phase measurements. The reader is installed on a low-cost robotic platform, which performs autonomously (and independently from the RFID reader) open source simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). In contrast to prior art, the proposed methods introduce a weight metric for each particle-measurement pair, based on geometry arguments, robust to phase measurement noise (e.g., due to multipath). In addition, the methods include the unknown constant phase offset as a parameter to be estimated. No reference tags are employed, no assumption on the tags' topology is assumed and special attention is paid for reduced execution time. It is found that the proposed phase-based localization methods offer robust performance in the presence of multipath, even when the tag phase measurements are variable in number and sporadic. The methods can easily accommodate a variable number of reader antennas. Mean absolute 3D localization error in the order of 24 cm for RFID tags in a library was shown, even though the system did not exploit excessive bandwidth or any reference tags. As a collateral dividend, the proposed methods also offer a concrete way to classify the environment as multipath-rich or not.

关键词： animal behaviour   animal-borne sensor   bio-logging   conservation technology   open-source hardware   radiocollar   RFID tag  

摘要： 1. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags represent some of the smallest animal-borne technologies available. They are frequently used for understanding fine-scale associations between animals and their environments. However, currently available devices are often prohibitively expensive or difficult to customise. 2. We present 'WildWID', an open-source radio-frequency identification system that can be used for detecting encounters between tags and loggers and/or integrated into more advanced experimental set-ups for triggering audio or visual playbacks following the detection of RFID tag codes. WildWID systems can be made using commercially available components (costing similar to$20 USD for tags and similar to$60 for loggers) and can be customised to fit project and species-specific needs. 3. WildWID tags have been deployed on a range of species including koalas Phascolarctos cinereus, lions Panthera leo and shy albatross Thalassarche cauta for a range of research topics, including the assessment of road-crossing structures and species' responses to intraspecific competitors. 4. WildWID is a cost-effective RFID system that can increase the accessibility of this technology for a wider range of researchers and study questions. Its use provides researchers with opportunities to mitigate ethical concerns, for example, by customising systems for species-specific conditions, and its customisability extends the range of applications where RFID systems can be used by field biologists.

关键词： Radio frequency identification (RFID)   Security and privacy   Lightweight authentication protocols   BAN logic   ProVerif   OPNET  

摘要： RFID systems usually involve passive tags (with limited computing and storage capacity) to secure data exchange via wireless communication. This paper builds an effective lightweight privacy protection authentication protocol, over the XCro, rotation and XOR functions, to handle the privacy and security problems in RFID systems. We employ both BAN Logic and ProVerif to prove that the new protocol is secure, its writing logic is correct, the query results are true and the protocol is free of all common attacks. We also conduct the OPNET simulation to evaluate the performance of our protocol and the existing lightweight protocol of Fan, in terms of authentication time, throughput, bandwidth consumption rate and queuing delay. The obtained results show that our protocol is more secure and effective-because we can resist all of the mentioned common attacks by a more efficient authentication process which involves less calculations, communications and transmissions.

关键词： Safety   Head   Linear antenna arrays   RFID tags   Antenna radiation patterns   Receiving antennas   Radar tracking   Industrial environments   radio frequency identification (RFID)   receiver signal strength (RSS)   real-time tracking  

摘要： In this letter, a radio frequency identification (RFID)-based location and tracking system that uses receiver signal strength (RSS) measurements is presented. The system is intended to be deployed at industrial scenarios or warehouses involving heavy machinery and vehicles in motion such as forklifts, and/or low visibility areas, aiming at preventing accidental collisions with workers. For this purpose, RFID tags are attached to helmets of the workers. The UHF reader antennas are located in the vicinity of the area where the workers are creating a coverage area where workers close to the vehicle can be detected and tracked. To deal with the propagation effects that degrade the RSS values, a propagation model based on on-site measurements together with an accurate characterization of the radiation pattern of the RFID reader antennas has been proposed. Validation with measurements in an scenario resembling the industrial environment is presented.