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关键词： Computer vision   RFID tags   Blind deblurring   Convolution neural network   Recurrent neural network  

摘要： The dynamic non-uniform blur caused by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) multi-label motion seriously affects the identification and location of labels. It is an ill-posed inverse problem for that the blur kernel and sharp image are unknown. The traditional method of removing the blur is very time-consuming. In this work, we propose Multi-scale Recursive Codec Network based on the Authority Parameter (MRCN-AP) to deblur RFID multi-label images in a vision-based RFID multi-label 3D measurement system. This network is composed of a stack of three encoder-decoder subnets of different scales, which restores the blurry image in an end-to-end manner, and extracts the detail edge on each scale effectively from coarse to fine. The proposed authority parameters reduce the parameters memory of redundant networks and improve the speed of the deblurring network. Also, we propose new large-scale RFID multi-label blur-sharp image pairs captured by the dual CCD camera. The proposed model is implemented on an extended dataset. We prove that our method improves the speed by at least 0.55 s, and also increases Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) by 2.43dB. Besides, better visual effects are obtained by MRCN-AP deblurring network for RFID multi-label image, which is more conducive to subsequent positioning and optimization.

关键词： Antennas   Radiofrequency identification   Metals   Inductance   Solenoids   Impedance   Magnetic fields   Metallic environments   radio frequency identification (RFID)   separation   solenoid coil  

摘要： A metal pipe is a key factor affecting the performance of the oil well downhole radio frequency identification (RFID) system. This letter investigates the optimum separation for coping with the impact of metal pipe on the solenoid coil antenna so as to improve the performance of the downhole RFID system. Through the equivalent circuit model of RFID communication, a new objective of maximizing the reader antenna inductance is introduced from the perspective of demodulating the tag data easily. Then, a small optimum separation with a large antenna diameter is given out by the electromagnetic simulation of solenoid antenna in the metal pipe, which could not only ensure the trafficability of tag ball and decrease the tag speed in the antenna area but also reduce the minimum magnetic field required for the reader to read the tag. Finally, the calculation of optimum separation is compared with that of the experimental test and shows good agreement.

关键词： microchip-automation   nest boxes   resource supplementation   RFID   training   wildlife  

摘要： Individually-targeted resource supplementation for wildlife is difficult to achieve due to the challenge of excluding nontarget animals. The use of microchip-automated technology has the potential to improve conservation outcomes globally by facilitating targeted food and nesting, offering a refuge from predators, and decreasing competition. Eight wild-born brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) were trained in situ to use commercially available microchip-automated doors installed on nest boxes placed within 5 m of their most used nesting site. Training to use the microchip-automated door was conducted in 3 stages where the position of the door was lowered in sequential stages until it was fully closed at stage 3. Training was deemed complete at each stage when the possum entered the nest box on 2 separate nights. Seven of the 8 possums completed training. Successful training demonstrated that free-living possums can be trained to use microchip-automated technology in situ, thus avoiding stress, costs, and biosecurity risks associated with bringing wild animals into captivity for training. Training methods can be extrapolated to a wider range of species to assist with wildlife management from reintroductions to sustaining reduced populations. (c) 2021 The Wildlife Society.

关键词： RFID   anti-collision   continuous wave (CW)   counting protocols   passive tags   envelope detection   collision slots  

摘要： Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology facilitates a myriad of applications. In such applications, an efficient reader-tag interrogation process is crucial. Nevertheless, throughout reader-tag communication, significant amounts of time and power are consumed on inescapable simultaneous tag replies (i.e., collisions) due to the lack of carrier sensing at the tags. This paper proposes the modulation cutoff intervals (MCI) process as a novel reader-tag interaction given the lack of carrier sensing constraints in passive RFID tags. MCI is facilitated through a simple digital baseband modulation termination (DBMT) circuit at the tag. DBMT detects the continuous-wave cutoff by the reader. In addition, DBMT provides different flags based on the duration of the continuous-wave cutoff. Given this capability at the tag, the reader cuts off its continuous-wave transmission for predefined intervals to indicate different commands to the interrogated tag(s). The MCI process is applied to tag interrogation (or anti-collision) and tag-counting protocols. The MCI process effect was evaluated by the two protocols under high and low tag populations. The performance of such protocols was significantly enhanced with precise synchronization within time slots with more than 50% and more than 55.6% enhancement on time and power performance of anti-collision and counting protocols, respectively. Through the MCI process, fast and power-efficient tag identification is achieved in inventory systems with low and high tag mobility;alternatively, in addition to the rapid and power efficient interaction with tags, anonymous tag counting is conducted by the proposed process.

关键词： RFID   ECC   cryptography   lightweight   attacks   SCA  

摘要： The radio frequency identification (RFID) system is one of the most important technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT) that tracks single or multiple objects. This technology is extensively used and attracts the attention of many researchers in various fields, including healthcare, supply chains, logistics, asset tracking, and so on. To reach the required security and confidentiality requirements for data transfer, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is a powerful solution, which ensures a tag/reader mutual authentication and guarantees data integrity. In this paper, we first review the most relevant ECC-based RFID authentication protocols, focusing on their security analysis and operational performances. We compare the various lightweight ECC primitive implementations designed for RFID applications in terms of occupied area and power consumption. Then, we highlight the security threats that can be encountered considering both network attacks and side-channel attacks and analyze the security effectiveness of RFID authentication protocols against such types of attacks. For this purpose, we classify the different threats that can target an ECC-based RFID system. After that, we present the most promising ECC-based protocols released during 2014-2021 by underlining their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we perform a comparative study between the different protocols mentioned regarding network and side-channel attacks, as well as their implementation costs to find the optimal one to use in future works.

关键词： New technology implementation   Economic evaluation   Technical evaluation  

摘要： Industry 4.0 is an emerging manufacturing paradigm that relies on high-speed connectivity and myriad sensors for real-time data collection, defect detection, and cycle time reduction among other things. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is one technology within this paradigm that has reliably and affordably enabled Industry 4.0 initiation and eventual adoption by manufacturing facilities owing to its proven ability to track inventory and such. Despite the maturation of the RFID technology, relatively little is known about its overall economic impact on a firm. A paucity of such economic information-that can otherwise be overcome through techno-economic analysis (TEA) based on simulation-on RFID serves as a detriment to its adoption by smaller firms with limited capital, especially in developing countries where the cost of capital is high. That, in turn, delays the advancement of supply chains and ecosystems to the Industry 4.0 paradigm causing inefficiencies and imabalnced development. Ex-Ante TEA simulation affords a holistic approach to compute the cost/benefit ratio of the implementation of new technology. Further, it allows the estimation of critical parameters that helps minimize the risk of investment failure. In this study, we propose System Dynamics (SD) modeling as the basis for such ex-ante TEA. SD simulation confirms that the adoption of RFID, despite its initial capital requirements and availability, is economically feasible and beneficial because of RFID's potential to reduce operation costs considerably over time.

关键词： Pose estimation   Deep learning   RFID tags   Radar   Neural networks   Computer vision (CV)   deep learning   high accuracy low rank tensor completion (HaLRTC)   human pose estimation   Radio-frequency Identification (RFID)  

摘要： In recent years, human pose tracking has become an important topic in computer vision (CV). To improve the privacy of human pose tracking, there is considerable interest in techniques without using a video camera. To this end, radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, as a low-cost wearable sensor, provide an effective solution for 3-D human pose tracking. In this article, we propose RFID-Pose, a vision-aided realtime 3-D human pose estimation system, which is based on deep learning assisted by CV. The RFID phase data are calibrated to effectively mitigate the severe phase distortion, and high accuracy low rank tensor completion is employed to impute the missing RFID data. The system then estimates the spatial rotation angle of each human limb, and utilizes the rotation angles to reconstruct human pose in realtime with the forward kinematic technique. A prototype is developed with commodity RFID devices. High pose estimation accuracy and realtime operation of RFID-Pose are demonstrated in our experiments using Kinect 2.0 as a benchmark.

关键词： Radio Frequency Identification   Network planning   Leaders and followers algorithm   Energy efficient deployment   Optimization   Metaheuristic algorithm  

摘要： The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader deployment problem (RDP) is a key challenge in the planning of RFID networks. The majority of the current research uses metaheuristic algorithms to solve the multi-objective RDP for unconstrained deployment of readers possessing omnidirectional antennae. The increasing adoption of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology and smart directional antennae will make the RDP even more challenging. The contributions of this work are: firstly, modelling a novel RDP formulation as a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP);secondly, incorporating both directional and omnidirectional antenna models into the RDP;and, lastly, introducing an adapted Leaders and Followers (LaF) solution algorithm for the RDP. The proposed LaF algorithm results in reduced energy use and interference reduction in comparison to other popular metaheuristic algorithms. The proposed MINLP model is also used to demonstrate the advantage of deploying readers possessing diverse antennae coverage compared to the exclusive use of omnidirectional antennae.

关键词： Radiofrequency identification   Semiconductor device measurement   Sensitivity   Extraterrestrial measurements   Couplings   Radar cross-sections   Passive RFID tags   Chipless radio frequency identification (RFID)   linear time-invariant system   radar cross section (RCS)   read range   RFID  

摘要： This article presents a comparison between the read range of classical radio frequency identification (RFID) and chipless RFID in free-space and real environments (REs). From the presented model, read range is derived using analytical formulation over nonisolated channels for both technologies. This article shows that the well-known bounds classically used in free space cannot be achieved in REs, i.e., subjected to leakage, coupling, and/or reflections) and therefore need to be modified. Although the introduced bound for semipassive tags is close to the one corresponding to free space, however, we show that for chipless tags, read range cannot be predicted by the radar equation and presents severe limitations since these tags are linear time-invariant systems. This new bound does not depend on the transmitted power or the reader sensitivity but relies on the concept of residual environment. We show that this quantity is the key parameter to evaluate the read range of a chipless RFID system. Moreover, the residual environment can easily be estimated or measured for any reading system. We show that the proposed bound can accurately predict the read range of a chipless system in different environments from anechoic chamber to nonstationary REs. Results are confirmed in simulation and measurements where the difference between the theoretical read range and the measured one is only 20 cm.

关键词： RFID   edge computing   IoT   SPN   dependability   availability  

摘要： Through the latest technological and conceptual developments, the centralized cloud-computing approach has moved to structures such as edge, fog, and the Internet of Things (IoT), approaching end users. As mobile network operators (MNOs) implement the new 5G standards, enterprise computing function shifts to the edge. In parallel to interconnection topics, there is the issue of global impact over the environment. The idea is to develop IoT devices to eliminate the greenhouse effect of current applications. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the technology that has this potential, and it can be used in applications ranging from identifying a person to granting access in a building. Past studies have focused on how to improve RFID communication or to achieve maximal throughput. However, for many applications, system latency and availability are critical aspects. This paper examines, through stochastic Petri nets (SPNs), the availability, dependability, and latency of an object-identification system that uses RFID tags. Through the performed analysis, the optimal balance between latency and throughput was identified. Analyzing multiple communication scenarios revealed the availability of such a system when deployed at the edge layer.