教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： Congestion   Image processing   RFID   Sensor networks   Smart traffic light   Traffic   Traffic management  

摘要： Traffic congestion at intersections is one of the major problems which spreads into many other problems impacting health and social life. This problem can be fully or partly solved by applying available technology and tools. In this article, we propose a new framework of smart traffic lights (STL) to dynamically control and manage Traffic Lights. The proposed adaptive method determines priority based on the level of the traffic congestion, assessed by processing of images taken by the long range digital cameras, based on Fog computing, installed at the intersection. The number of vehicles can also be counted by sensor networks and RFID. According to analytical derivation and simulation, STL provide efficient solution and enhancement for managing traffic at intersections as compared to traditional methods. © 2021, Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of Computer Applications and Management.

关键词： screen printing   radio frequency identification (RFID)   antenna   paper substrate   recyclability   intelligent packaging   e-fulfilment   transport simulation  

摘要： Intelligent packaging is an emerging technology, aiming to improve the standard communication function of packaging. Radio frequency identification (RFID) assisted smart packaging is of high interest, but the uptake is limited as the market needs cost-efficient and sustainable applications. The integration of screen printed antennas and RFID chips as smart labels in reusable cardboard packaging could offer a solution. Although paper is an interesting and recyclable material, printing on this substrate is challenging as the ink conductivity is highly influenced by the paper properties. In this study, the best paper/functional silver ink combinations were first selected out of 76 paper substrates based on the paper surface roughness, air permeance, sheet resistance and SEM characterization. Next, a flexible high frequency RFID chip (13.56 MHz) was connected on top of screen printed antennas with a conductive adhesive. Functional RFID labels were integrated in cardboard packaging and its potential application as reusable smart box for third party logistics was tested. In parallel, a web-based software application mimicking its functional abilities in the logistic cycle was developed. This multidisciplinary approach to developing an easy-scalable screen printed antenna and RFID-assisted smart packaging application is a good example for future implementation of hybrid electronics in sustainable smart packaging.

关键词： IoT networks   RFID systems   Tag-information sampling problem   Communication cost   Lower bound  

摘要： Given a population S of N tags in an RFID system, the tag-information sampling problem is to randomly choose K distinct tags from S to form a subset T, and then inform each tag in T of a unique integer from {1, 2, ... , K}. This is a fundamental problem in many real-time analysis applications of RFID systems, as it enables rapidly selecting a small random tag subset T from a large tag population S and collecting the tag-information from T for analyzing purposes. However, existing protocols for this problem are far from satisfactory due to high communication costs. This paper aims at solving this problem by using a small communication cost. First, a lower bound on communication cost, denoted by C-lb, is obtained for the tag-information sampling problem. Then, a protocol P-s is proposed for solving the studied problem, and is proved to have a communication cost within a factor of 2 of the lower bound C-lb. Lastly, extensive simulation results not only verify the theoretical properties of the proposed protocol but also demonstrate its advantages in comparison with the state-of-art protocols.

关键词： Dipole antennas   Antenna radiation patterns   Radiofrequency identification   Switches   Control systems   Antenna measurements   Pins   Quasi-isotropic radiation pattern   radio frequency identification (RFID)   remote control   ultrahigh frequency  

摘要： A wireless multistate controller based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology for remote control applications is presented. The controller consists of a configurable RFID tag which has multiply alternative paths connecting to a multiway switch component. The main part of the tag is formed from the combination of loop and dipole to ensure balanced three-dimensional current responses and relatively stable impedances during path switching. With the proposed structure, the controller achieves a compact dimension of only 49 x 47 mm, a stable operation frequency band around the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) band (902-928 MHz), a quasi-isotropic radiation pattern with a gain variation less than 3 dB, as well as a control distance of 6.5-9.1 m in different configurations and directions. These features make the proposed controller a promising choice for wireless multistate remote control applications.

关键词： Privacy   Security   RFID   IoT   ECC   Implementation  

摘要： Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a promising and widespread wireless communication technology for entity identification or authentication. By the emerging Internet of Things phenomenon, the use of RFID is densely augmenting in various daily life applications. However, RFID systems suffer from security and privacy issues. Recently, many researchers propose RFID authentication protocols based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) to efficiently mitigate the aforementioned concerns. In this work, we extensively examine the state-of-the-art RFID authentication protocols based on ECC in terms of security and performance. Some of these works claim that their protocols provide all general security and privacy properties. We revisit Vaudenay's formal privacy model and show that they do not provide forward and/or backward privacy under this model contrary to their claim. Then, we propose a secure, privacy-preserving and efficient ECC based RFID authentication protocol. We also present a security and performance analysis of our proposed protocol and compare it to the existing relevant schemes in detail. Furthermore, we implement our proposal in a real RFID system to demonstrate its practicability. To the best of our knowledge, our proposed scheme is the most efficient ECC based RFID authentication protocol realized in a real-world environment that satisfies all common security and privacy features including backward and forward privacy.

关键词： THz RFID   THz-sensors   THz-chip   Quantum sensors   Space-time function  

摘要： A unique RFID silicon chip is proposed for sensing applications. The RFID silicon chip is a microring circuit that has a panda ring form where the working principle is based on the space-time function. The RFID silicon chip operates in the frequency range of 150-250THz. The input light wavelength of 1.55 mu m, which forms the input space signal via the input port enters the system and at the add port multiplexes with time to form the space-time function. The whispering gallery mode (WGM) with appropriate parameters is observed at the center ring of the silicon chip. The silver bars embedded at the center ring form the antenna of the RFID silicon chip. The antenna directivity and gain of 7.25 and 2.41 respectively are obtained. The sensing capabilities of the RFID silicon chip is determined where the temperature change range of the system is 0 degrees C-70 degrees C. The sensitivities of 2.34 x 10(14)rads(-1o)C(-1), 0.20mW(o)C(-1), 0.045NKg(-1o)C(-1), 3.75mWNKg(-1), 0.007 mW(-1) and 0.080 mW(-1) are respectively obtained. The RFID silicon chip can be employed as a quantum sensor. The device is applied for antenna-based applications, where the main objective is the broader wavelength where the connection between light and microwave can be realistic.

关键词： antenna   high frequency   RFID   tuning  

摘要： This article describes an in-depth methodical approach to the development of efficient high-frequency (HF) antennas for use in radio frequency identification (RFID) systems operating at 13.56 MHz. It presents brief theory relevant to RFID communication and sets up a framework within which features and requirements of antennas are linked to key design parameters such as antenna form-factor and size;RF power level, material and communication protocol. Tuning circuits necessary to adjust the resonance and power matching characteristics of antennas for good transponder interrogation and response recovery are discussed. To validate the approaches outlined, a stepwise design and measurement of an HF antenna for an ISO/IEC 15693 compliant read/write device (RWD) is described. Common practical problems that are often encountered in such design processes are also commented on. The prototyped antenna was tuned, connected to the RWD via a 50 omega coaxial cable and tested.

关键词： Radiofrequency identification   Navigation   Mobile robots   Task analysis   Robot sensing systems   Mobile robot   radio frequency identification (RFID)   RFID localization   RFID navigation   UHF RFID  

摘要： This article proposes a standalone radio frequency identification (RFID)-based mobile robot navigation method, in which a mobile robot equipped with reader antennas can be continuously guided to a static object marked with a single passive UHF RFID tag. An observation model based on the RFID phase difference is built and integrated into a particle filter, by which the instantaneous relative position between the mobile robot and the tagged object can be detected in real time. Based on the position information extracted from the RFID system, the mobile robot adjusts its pose to move toward the RFID-tagged object. Compared with the existing RFID-based mobile robot navigation methods, the proposed method requires no external sensors other than the RFID and requires only a single passive tag. Experiments using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) RFID devices are performed, and the results indicate that the mobile robot can satisfactorily realize navigation task with a distance accuracy of 4.04 cm and a bearing accuracy of 2.23 degrees. The proposed method is well applicable for the navigation scenes in which the absolute position of the tagged target object is not known beforehand. Note to Practitioners-UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) has been widely applied as an asset management ID sensor in many fields. RFID-based mobile robot navigation technology can further increase its application value as a location sensor. This article proposes a standalone RFID-based mobile robot navigation method, in which the reference tag and the external sensors other than RFID are both not required. In the proposed method, only a single passive tag is attached to the static target object. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can enable navigation task with good performance in situations in which the absolute navigation goal position is not known in advance.

关键词： Radiofrequency identification   Backscatter   Interference   Standards   Computer architecture   Protocols   Fading channels   Backscattering communications   multi-static Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sytems   cross-layer analysis  

摘要： In this paper, we propose a framework for cross-layer analysis of multi-static passive RFID systems. The model takes into account details of the shared wireless channel, including fading and capture effect, whereas, at the medium access control (MAC) layer, the anti-collision mechanism proposed in the EPC Generation 2 standard is taken as a reference. To address the complexity of the system model, we rely on a semi-analytical approach, that combines a moment matching approximation method to abstract the physical layer and Monte-Carlo simulations to describe the MAC dynamics. Furthermore, based on the space diversity feature offered by the multi-static settings, we introduce the concept of capture diversity and propose a modification to the standard to fully support this form of diversity. Numerical results show the impact of deployment conditions and the relative positions of interrogator, tags, and detection points on the performance of tags' identification. We show how the number of detection points impacts the system performance under various channel conditions and MAC parameters' settings. Finally, we validate the proposed update of the MAC protocol, showing substantial performance improvement with respect to the standard collision resolution policy.