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关键词： TMIS   RFID   Patients   Security and privacy   Computation overhead  

摘要： The Internet of Things (IoT) plays an important role in various healthcare applications. Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) is widely used as a leading identification technology in a variety of IoT-health applications. In 2020, the number of cases of novel Corona Virus Disease 2019 (nCOVID-19) was increased rapidly throughout the world. Herein, IoT-Health enables the more convenient ways to access remotely and efficiently the medical services for the patients, also provides health monitoring by the doctors, physicians, and nurses over the Internet. However, security and privacy are considered key concerns in RFID-based IoT-health systems due to wireless communication over the channel. There could be huge risks of leakage of the patient's sensitive information, medical data, privacy of the patients, and so forth. To overcome these shortcomings, we have put forward a secure and reliable RFID authentication protocol using Digital Schnorr Cryptosystem for IoT-Health in COVID-19 patients care named SR2AP-DSC. Compared with the similar existing protocols, the security analysis followed by the performance evaluation of our proposed protocol demonstrates the minimal computation overheads and also provides resistance to various well-known security attacks. The AVISPA and Scyther simulation results confirm that the proposed protocol is safe under active and passive attacks. The overall analysis shows that the SR2APDSC is relatively superior to the other similar existing protocols.

关键词： traffic management   RFID   5G   Smart City  

摘要： This article deals with automated urban traffic management, and proposes a new comprehensive infrastructure solution for dynamic traffic direction switching at intersection lines. It was assumed that the currently used solutions based on video monitoring are unreliable. Therefore, the Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technique was introduced, in which vehicles are counted and, if necessary, identified in order to estimate the flows on individual lanes. The data is acquired in real time using fifth-generation wireless communications (5G). The Pots and Ising models derived from the theory of statistical physics were used in a novel way to determine the state of direction traffic lights. The models were verified by simulations using data collected from real traffic observations. The results were presented for two exemplary intersections.

关键词： Protocols   Radiofrequency identification   Standards   Statistics   Sociology   Throughput   Estimation   RFID   anti-collision   priority   tag identification  

摘要： Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been widely deployed in IoT-enabled applications because of its cheapness, simultaneous multi-item-identification, and strong information storage capability. In a large-scale RFID system, all tags belong to different groups according to the item-associated brand, value, or danger class. However, the existing works assume that groups equally share the maximum identification efficiency 36.8% under the optimal parameter settings. This letter proposes a Priority-based Tag Identification (PTI) protocol for RFID systems. In PTI, the high priority group enjoys a higher identification efficiency than the low priority groups. This is achieved by using the priority queue technique, which enables the reader to detect the tags with the highest priority and only allows them to respond to the reader. Our experiments show that due to the benefit of priority queues, the maximum slot efficiency of the PTI protocol can be improved to 78.9%.

关键词： Relays   Passive RFID tags   Password   Reliability   Pallets   Integrated circuits   Eavesdropping   Commodity passive RFID   destructive and constructive full duplex relays  

摘要： Radio Frequency IDentification (i.e., RFID) is widely used in our daily lives due to its low-cost and small form-factor. However, the commodity passive RFID system is vulnerable to the eavesdropping and has the fundamental limitation of short-range communication. In this article, we present the full duplex relay design for commodity passive RFID system. Specifically, we mainly focus on constructive full duplex relay and destructive full duplex relay, which are amplify-and-forward relays deployed between the RFID reader and tags. The constructive full duplex relay can enhance the backscattered signals from the tag, and the destructive full duplex relay can protect the commodity passive RFID system from the eavesdropping. To do so, the full duplex relay node needs to carefully relay the backscattered signals such that they are constructively or destructively added at the reader. The experimental results show the efficiency of our constructive full duplex relay for signal enhancement and destructive full duplex relay for signal cancellation.

关键词： age-specific survival   bird banding   mark-recapture   RFID   Selasphorus   survival  

摘要： Hummingbirds in North America are currently experiencing contrasting population changes, and little is known about the factors contributing to these changes. We examined the demography of two species and one genus of hummingbirds in western North America, including Anna's Hummingbirds (Calypte anna), Black-chinned Hummingbirds (Archilochus alexandri), and hummingbirds in the genus Selasphorus, to investigate the mechanism underlying these contrasting trends. We analyzed mark-recapture data collected over periods ranging from 6 to 11 years in California, USA, to quantify demographics, including sex ratios, the proportion of transients, and age-dependent, sex-specific, and species-specific apparent annual survival. Transience was estimated at sites where parameterization of annual survival allowed the inclusion of time-dependency. We estimated that 34% of hummingbirds were transient at one site, but only 5% at another site. Estimates of annual survival followed a negative trend after birds reached their first year. Evaluation of the short-term (4 yr) effect of subcutaneous implantation of radio-frequency identification transponders on survival estimates of Anna's Hummingbirds revealed no difference in apparent annual survival. Robust estimates of demographic parameters are essential for conserving birds with changing populations. As such, our results contribute important context for the contrasting population trends among hummingbirds in western North America.

关键词： Backscatter   Radio frequency identification   Complexity theory   Protocols   Wireless communication   Receivers   Ethernet   Batteries   Miller coding   RFID   IoT   sequence detection   noncoherent detection   batteryless tags   multistatic reader  

摘要： Passive Gen2 radio frequency identification (RFID) tags work thanks to the utilization of line codes that balance their operation between two opposite states: absorbing RF (for energy harvesting) and reflecting RF (for backscattering/communications). Given the current RF harvesting technology, batteryless tags need to be located very close to an active illuminator in order to harvest sufficient energy and operate. To tackle this limitation, prior art has tried to bring the illuminator closer to the tags by designing proprietary illuminating architectures. Our solution comes in two parts. First, we offer a novel, Gen2-compliant, near-optimal, noncoherent sequence detection algorithm with linear complexity (in the sequence length) for Miller line codes. We leverage the robustness of this algorithm to overcome issues inherent in multistatic setups, such as carrier frequency offset. Second, we propose a modular multistatic architecture that makes use of low-cost commodity software defined radios (SDR) and omnipresent Ethernet infrastructure. Simulations and experimental results in a monostatic, bistatic, or multistatic SDR testbed with commercial RFIDs, corroborate the low-cost, real-time and near-optimal flavor of our solution.

关键词： chipless radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag   multi-tag identification   MIMO algorithm   azimuth estimation  

摘要： In this paper, the multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) radar signal processing algorithm is efficiently employed as an anticollision methodology for the identification of multiple chipless radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags. Tag-identifying methods for conventional chipped RFID tags rely mostly on the processing capabilities of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). In cases where more than one chipless tag exists in the same area, traditional methods are not sufficient to successfully read and distinguish the IDs, while the direction of each chipless tag can be obtained by applying MIMO technology to the backscattering signal. In order to read the IDs of the tags, beamforming is used to change the main beam direction of the antenna array and to receive the tag backscattered signal. On this basis, the RCS of the tags can be retrieved, and associated IDs can be identified. In the simulation, two tags with different IDs were placed away from each other. The IDs of the tags were successfully identified using the presented algorithm. The simulation result shows that tags with a distance of 0.88 m in azimuth can be read by a MIMO reader with eight antennas from 3 m away.

关键词： anapole   multipole engineering   RFID tech-nology   scattering  

摘要： Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a widely used wireless technology for contactless data exchange. Owing to international standardization and one-way security nature of the communication protocol, RFID tags, holding sensitive information, may be a subject to theft. One of the major security loopholes is the so-called far-field attack, where unauthorized interrogation is performed from a distance, bypassing the user's verification. This loophole is a penalty of using a dipole-like RFID tag antenna, leaking wireless information to the far-field. Here we introduce a new concept of anapole-enabled security, prohibiting far-field attacks by utilizing fundamental laws of physics. Our design is based on radiationless electromagnetic states (anapoles), which have high near-field concentration and theoretically nulling far-field scattering. The first property enables performing data readout from several centimeters (near-field), while the second prevents attacks from a distance, regardless an eavesdropper's radiated power and antenna gain. Our realization is based on a compact 3 cm high-index ceramic core-shell structure, functionalized with a thin metal wire and an integrated circuit to control the tag. Switching scheme was designed to provide a modulation between two radiation less anapole states, blocking both up and down links for a far -field access. The anapole tag demonstrates more than 20 dB suppression of far -field interrogation distance in respect with a standard commercial tag, while keeping the near -field performance at the same level. The proposed concept might significantly enhance the RFID communication channel in cases, where information security prevails over cost constrains.

关键词： Internet of things  

摘要： Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) is one of the leading enabling technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT) at low cost and high granularity scenarios. The cost of implementing IoT applications concerns the development and operation of receiver systems for reading labels. In this paper, we propose a low-cost receiver system based on off-the-shelf components allied to the development of a microstrip antenna. The proposed system is capable of receiving and processing digital signals scattered back from a passive RFID tag. The proposal relies on a Python application embedded in Raspberry Pi hardware, in which a bank of digital filters processes the signal. The proposal separates the received signal into sub-bands and implements a decision-maker that detects and codes radiofrequency carriers’ presence in sub-bands. Simulation using artificial random noise proves that the proposed and implemented decision-maker achieves 92% reliability for a Signal-to-Noise ratio between 1.6 dB and 2.3 dB. The evaluation of the printed dipole antennas pair for the RFID receiver system indicates a return loss of 19.22 dB for operation at 915 MHz. © 2021 SBMO/SBMag.

关键词： RFID   non-contact measurement   microwave biosensor   complementary split-ring resonator   glucose concentration  

摘要： Due to the increasing number of diabetic patients, early monitoring of glucose levels is particularly important;therefore, glucose biosensors have attracted enormous attention from researchers. In this paper, we propose a glucose microwave biosensor based on RFID and achieve a non-contact measurement of the concentration of glucose solutions. The Reader is a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR), and the Tag is comprised of a squared spiral capacitor (SSC). A polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic quantitative cavity with a volume of 1.56 mu L is integrated on the Tag to ensure that the glucose solution can be accurately set to the sensitive area and fully contacted with the electromagnetic flux. Because the SSC exhibits different capacitances when it contacts glucose solutions of different concentrations, changing the resonant frequency of the CSRR, we can use the relationship to characterize the biosensing response. Measurement results show that bare CSRR and RFID-based biosensors have achieved sensitivities of 0.31 MHz/mg center dot dL(-1) and 10.27 kHz/mg center dot dL(-1), and detection limits of 13.79 mg/dL and 1.19 mg/dL, respectively, and both realize a response time of less than 1 s. Linear regression analysis of the abovementioned biosensors showed an excellent linear relationship. The proposed design provides a feasible solution for microwave biosensors aiming for the non-contact measurement of glucose concentration.