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关键词： logic of events theory   mutual authentication property   private key cryptography   fresh ciphertext   telecommunication security   distributed systems   ultralightweight RFID mutual authentication protocols   radio frequency identification systems   LoET   radiofrequency identification   formal method   massive deployment   symmetric key cryptography   cryptographic protocols   RCIA protocol   security protocols  

摘要： The increasing commercialization and massive deployment of radio frequency identification(RFID) systems has raised many security related issues which in return evokes the need of security protocols. Logic of events theory(Lo ET) is a formal method for constructing and reasoning about distributed systems and protocols that involve concepts of security. We propose fresh ciphertext and ciphertext release lemmas to extend Lo ET for analyzing and proving the security of authentication protocols that use symmetric key cryptography more than just digital signature. Based on the extended Lo ET we formally analyze and prove the authentication property of RCIA protocol, which provides mutual authentication between Tag and Reader in RFID *** proof approach based on extended Lo ET could be applied to the design and analysis of such ultralightweight RFID mutual authentication protocols.

关键词： Antennas   Antenna measurements   Target tracking   Phase measurement   Trajectory   RFID tags   Position measurement   RFID   tracking   hyperbolic positioning   phase   neural network  

摘要： In this paper we propose a novel real-time tracking method of a moving UHF-RFID tag. The purpose is to track the interests of RFID-tagged visitors inside a museum from a set of fixed antenna-installations. Two antenna pairs collect phase-measurements from the target tag. Phase differences are calculated for each pair and then mapped to distance-differences of the target-tag from the two antennas. The latter corresponds to a hyperbola for each pair of antennas. The intersection of the two hyperbolas denotes the position of the tag. The cross section of the hyperbolas is derived by a trained neural network. The proposed method neither requires knowledge of the tag's initial position nor the trace followed (e.g., conveyor belt). Its computational complexity allows for real-time applicability. Experiments were conducted inside multipath-rich laboratory environments. Two types of experiments were conducted to validate the performance of the algorithm. Firstly a tag was placed on a moving robot, which estimated its own position at cm accuracy, thanks to its lidar sensor, representing the ground truth. Secondly a tag was placed on an ArUco Marker which was carried by a human following various trajectories. The proposed method achieved tracking with mean error under 0.5m throughout the experimental campaigns.

关键词： Security   Cloning   RFID tags   Internet of Things   Object recognition   Resonant frequency   Physical layer security   Backscatter communication   chipless radio-frequency identification (RFID) system   deep learning   long short-term memory (LSTM)   physical security  

摘要： This article has proposed detection and physical-layer security provision for printed sensory tag systems for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The printed sensory tags can be a very cost-effective way to speed up the proliferation of the intelligent world of IoT. The printed radio-frequency identification (RFID) of a sensory tag is chipless with the fully printable feature, Nonline-of-Sight (NLoS) reading, low cost, and robustness to the environment. The detection and adoption of security features for such tags in a robust environment are still challenging. This article initially presents a robust technology for detecting tags using both the amplitude and phase information of the frequency signature. After successfully identifying tag IDs, the article presents novel physical-layer security using a deep learning model to prevent the cloning of tags. Our experiment shows that the proposed system can detect and identify the unique physical attributes of the tag and isolate the clone tag from the genuine tag. It is believed that such real-time and precise detection and security features bring this technology closer to commercialization for IoT applications.

摘要： 随着信息技术快速发展，数字化技术日益普及，但纸质档案作为数字化信息的原始载体，在法律上依然具有不可替代的地位。各企事业单位随着时间的累积，需要管理档案的种类越来越多，数量越来越大，处理的信息量也随之加大和复杂化，传统手工管理方式存在处理速度及精度上的劣势，直接影响到单位档案管理的运行、发展，档案管理中的完整性、

关键词： RFID射频识别   刀具管理系统   数字编码   开发框架  

摘要： 《“十四五”智能制造发展规划》指出要共同推进互联网、人工智能等各产业交汇融合的工作;加快先进制造业集群化发展的步伐;重点在于构建特色鲜明、优势互补、结构合理的战略性新兴产业增长引擎;实现自动化、柔性化、智能化生产,进而提高生产加工效率。制造业中,刀具的消耗数量相对比较庞大,对刀具信息的管理也成为了现代制造业中重要环节,采用科学有效的刀具管理方法可以缩短在生产制造过程中寻找刀具、调用刀具、统计刀具出入库信息等环节所花费的时间,可以直接提高企业的加工效率,同时有效降低制造成本。结合中小型企业的需求,采用RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)射频识别硬件系统、软件开发和案例验证等设计基于RFID的刀具制造过程信息感知与管理系统,通过对刀具管理系统需求进行分析,可以有效减少传统刀具管理方式在记录刀具信息以及刀具调度方面等出现的失误。首先,从刀具信息采集入手,分析刀具在加工制造过程中需要提供的基本信息,提出RFID射频识别技术,将刀具实体与RFID硬件装置进行集成,可以快速将刀具信息进行一一对应标识,通过RFID中间件与刀具管理系统结合,进行人机信息交互,以便于刀具信息的快速识别和反馈。其次,为解决刀具信息繁琐无序的情况,通过对比刀具结构、加工方式等刀具属性,对刀具进行统一数字编码,建立刀具信息模型,可以有效便捷的管理刀具信息;再将刀具信息进行数学建模,通过区间直觉模糊TOPSIS优劣解距混合优化求解算法,优化刀具信息权重比例,完成更加精确的刀具调度管理。最后,基于B/S架构开发刀具管理系统,采用管理系统网站前台部分和后台程序端相互独立的方法,构建轻量级的Web框架,实现数据持久层、表现层、逻辑业务层这三个层次在刀具管理系统中的应用。对刀具的库存、基本属性、人员权限、加工时长等信息实时记录,同步更新,为制造相关部门提供可视化平台。通过RFID硬件设备和软件系统的融合,采用极简的前端框架和轻量级的后端架构;经过案例验证,满足企业的使用需求,简洁实用且便于修改,显著提高了企业级刀具管理系统的可靠性和管理效率,保证了产品加工的质量。

关键词： IC input characteristics   impedance extraction   ISO/IEC 10373-6   modeling and simulation   NFC   proximity coupling   RFID  

摘要： IC input characteristics are important parameters for proximity coupling (13.56 MHz) transponders. Modeled as voltage-dependent capacitor (C-ic) and resistor (R-i(c)) connected in parallel, they are typically measured using an LCR meter. In this work, we introduce a nonlinear, custom-defined circuit component (IC-component) based on LCR meter measurement results that is used within our simulation framework for predicting contactless performance metrics (e.g., minimum operating magnetic field strength H-min). Combined with linear S-parameter models from EM simulations of transponder antennas on a standardized test setup (ISO test PCD assembly), the IC-component is used in nonlinear circuit simulations to predict H-min. Due to LCR meter's input limitations, it is difficult to cover the entire range for predicting certain performance metrics at higher H-levels (e.g., IC robustness). Therefore, we also present a method that utilizes the ISO test PCD assembly and determines IC input characteristics of a transponder DUT. This method (C(ic )and R-i(c) extraction method) measures the assembly's output voltages up to higher H-levels and uses them as input to the system's linear model. IC input characteristics, obtained as a function of measured voltages, are thereby extended towards higher H-levels and can be added to the IC-component, so that additional contactless performance metrics can be predicted by our simulation framework.

关键词： Radio frequency identification   Ultra-wideband   Trilateration   Range measurement   Object localization  

摘要： A considerable body of literature exists on automated object localization and tracking of construction operations. While GPS-based solutions have been widely investigated in many studies for outdoor tracking of these operations, indoor tracking proved to be more challenging. This paper focuses on indoor material localization and investigates the use of two remote sensing technologies-ultra-wideband and radio frequency identification-and the integrated use of these technologies to leverage the benefits of each for a cost-effective and practical solution for location identification of materials on site. The developed method is based on an experimental study conducted in two phases. In the first phase, experiments are designed and performed to evaluate the accuracy of ultra-wideband for localization, as well as to determine the optimal output power for a hand-held radio frequency identification reader. The optimal power is identified by evaluating the range measurement accuracy and maximum reading range of the hand-held radio frequency identification reader. In the second phase, the integrated use of radio frequency identification device and ultra-wideband for object localization is studied, and an improved trilateration technique is developed. The results of the experiments show an absolute error of 0.52 m and 1.15 m for 2D and 3D localization, respectively. Accordingly, the integration of these two technologies eliminates the need for using a large number of radio frequency identification reference tags on site for indoor material localization. The method is expected to enhance automated material tracking on construction sites by improving the localization accuracy and providing a straightforward data acquisition protocol. The analysis of experimental data captured in a lab setting is also presented, demonstrating the advantages of the proposed method.

关键词： RFID   人体动作识别   液体识别   卷积神经网络  

摘要： 随着物联网（Internet of Things,IoT）技术的快速发展,智能应用走入千家万户,智慧生活也逐渐成人们追求的生活方式,人机交互、智能触控、安全控制广泛应用于日常生活的方方面面。2020年疫情突发,尽量减少接触成了普遍共识,其推动了非接触式感知识别技术的发展;同时疫情下的出行安全也是人们关注的焦点,当前机场车站的液体识别主要通过乘客饮用的方式来验证液体的安全性,存在着一定的安全隐患。射频识别（Radio Frequency Identification,RFID）设备成本低廉、体积小、无需接触、抗污染能力强、可重复使用等特点,得到了广泛应用。然而RFID识别也存在着一些问题,如数据采集时易受到外界的干扰,导致数据采集的不准确最终使得感知识别性能不佳,因此需要研究鲁棒的RFID识别系统。本文主要针对基于RFID的动作识别和液体识别开展研究。首先,设计并实现了基于RFID的人体动作识别,根据标签阵列采集人体行为的相位数据和信号接收强度数据;在此基础上设计数据预处理操作（相位解缠、数据平滑滤波、归一化）处理原始采集数据以提高数据的准确度;然后对预处理后的数据进行分割提取与运动相关的片段;最后通过多模态卷积神经网络提取相位和信号接收强度的融合特征识别人体动作。实验结果表明:所设计的系统可实现人体动作97%以上的识别准确度,较好地满足了人机交互的要求。针对非接触式液体识别,设计了基于RFID的非侵入液体识别系统。首先通过将液体放入实验平台获取对应相位数据,通过滤波去除噪声和异常数据;在此基础上基于标签阵列对不同液体的识别性能给予标签不同的权重指数,通过不同液体对信号的吸收情况,提取出相应的液体特征;最后将提取到的特征送入支持向量机可以较好地实现了液体的识别。实验结果表明:所设计的系统对应液体的平均识别准确度达到96%,验证了系统的可行性。

关键词： 射频识别   湿度传感   无芯片   灵敏度  

摘要： 人们的日常生活与社会生产都与湿度有着密不可分的联系。随着各种各样的湿度传感器的出现,人们对湿度的检测能力有了进一步的提高,而传统的湿度传感器普遍存在能耗较大、成本较高、依赖电源供电且工作寿命有限等问题,因此,设计出小型化、低成本、灵敏度高、工作寿命长的湿度传感器成为了人们关注的热点。 近年来,射频识别（Radio Frequency Identification,RFID）技术不仅应用于身份识别、物流管理等方面,而且在传感器领域也发挥着重要作用。将射频识别技术与湿度传感原理进行有机结合,设计出兼具湿度传感功能与编码功能的RFID传感标签,对湿度传感器的发展具有重要意义。 与传统的RFID标签相比,无芯片类RFID标签的摆脱了自身对集成芯片的依赖,尺寸更小,成本更低,更适用于RFID传感标签的设计。本文设计了两种RFID湿度传感标签,主要工作内容如下: 设计了一种基于矩形开口环的RFID湿度传感标签。该标签采用矩形开口环作为标签的谐振器,谐振器的谐振信息主要通过与微带传输线之间的耦合进行信息传递。其传感单元所在谐振器表层涂覆湿度敏感材料,以实现标签传感功能。标签尺寸为32×67×0.787mm3,工作频段为3.37～4.77GHz,编码容量为6bit,标签传感单元灵敏度最高可达6.4MHz/%RH,其湿度响应范围为52～80%。 设计了一种基于S形谐振器的RFID湿度传感标签。S形谐振器在螺旋形谐振器的基础改进而来,结合了螺旋谐振器与微带传输线易于耦合的性质,提升了标签编码容量抗干扰能力,改进了标签的编码方式,进一步实现了标签的小型化,使标签能够同时完成传感和编码工作。该标签整体尺寸为14.26×47×0.787mm3,工作频率范围为2.26～3.80GHz,标签可实现稳定的编码,编码容量为7bit,湿度响应范围为54～84%,其最高灵敏度可达7.4MHz/%RH。