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关键词： Protocols   Radiofrequency identification   Reliability   Servers   Informatics   Reliability theory   Probabilistic logic   Missing tag detection   multiple-group   RFID   time efficiency  

摘要： Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been deployed in various scenarios in recent years. In some practical RFID applications, the items attached with tags can be divided into multiple groups. Thus, the efficient and accurate missing tag detection of each group is critical. Accordingly, this article concentrates on the problem of missing tag detection in the multiple-group RFID systems, after which three distinctive protocols are proposed. First, we propose an aptitudinal multiple-group missing tag detection protocol, which makes full use of the expected singleton slots. Then, an enhanced multiple-group missing tag detection protocol is proposed, which can achieve significant broadcast and response savings. Finally, an accurate and expeditious multiple-group missing tag detection protocol is designed, the detection reliability of which can approximate 100%. The theoretical analysis and extensive simulations are conducted and the results verify that the proposed protocols in this article outperform the other ones.

关键词： Agile supply chain framework   Blockchain   IoT   RFID  

摘要： Agile supply chains facilitate sustainability through higher effectiveness and lower wastage. Agile supply chain frameworks in extant literature are designed for static supply chains and high-granular data that are only available at fixed periods. With the increasing interest in the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology for supply chain visibility and trust and the potential availability of fine-granular real-time data from related sensor networks, there is a need to reconsider existing agile supply chain frameworks. IoT and blockchain technology together reinforce the provision of trusted visibility that facilitates ease of tracking and tracing that is required in agile supply chains. We study existing agile supply chain frameworks and their characteristics - both positive and negative - and use this information to develop an agile supply chain framework that incorporates recent developments in IoT and blockchain technology.

关键词： Internet of Things (IoT)   Phone of Things (PoT)   Asterisk   chatbot   RFID   Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)   MongoDB  

摘要： Phone of Things (PoT) extends the connectivity options for IoT systems by leveraging the ubiquitous phone network infrastructure, making it part of the IoT architecture. PoT enriches the connectivity options of IoT while promoting its affordability, accessibility, security, and scalability. PoT enables incentive IoT applications that can result in more innovative homes, office environments, and telephony solutions. This paper presents the Location Transparency Call (LTC) system, an intelligent phone dialing system for businesses based on the PoT architecture. The LTC system intelligently mitigates the impact of missed calls on companies and provides high availability and dynamic reachability to employees within the premises. LTC automatically forwards calls to the intended employees to the closest phone extensions at their current locations. Location transparency is achieved by actively maintaining and dynamically updating a real-time database that maps the persons' locations using the RFID tags they carry. We demonstrate the system's feasibility and usability and evaluate its performance through a fully-fledged prototype representing its hardware and software components that can be applied in real situations at large scale.

关键词： construction projects   delay factors   RFID   IoT   moderator   focus group   pilot survey   Northern Iraq  

摘要： The examination of factors that delay construction projects is essential to project management. This study examined the effects of the potential delay factors on projects' completion time, using Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tools part of Internet of things (IoT) as a moderator variable in the model. A questionnaire-based survey was carried out and data from 466 respondents were collected from the population of four provinces in northern Iraq (Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Duhok, and Halabja). Stratified random sampling was applied amongst the three groups of owners, supervisors, and contractors, and the resulting data were analyzed using factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings indicate that management-related issues had the strongest effect on the dependent variable, and the external issues had the weakest effect. Also, IoT technology negatively moderated between the independent and dependent variables. The research consequently suggests some mitigation strategies to reduce the delay factors in construction projects.

关键词： Radiofrequency identification   Antenna radiation patterns   Receiving antennas   Antennas   Transmitting antennas   Impedance   Voltage   Body area network (BAN)   far field   near field   radio frequency identification (RFID)   spherical modes expansion  

摘要： A novel method is presented to accurately determine the operational range of an on-body, passive ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) system operating in the radiative near field, based on its far-field radiation patterns. To this end, an efficient algorithm based on 3-D multipole expansion of the electromagnetic fields is formulated. By combining the new operator with the simulated or measured stand-alone far-field radiation patterns of the on-body RFID system, a comprehensive and accurate range determination is obtained. Compared with commercial software tools and measurements, we prove the accuracy and improved speed of the novel technique.

关键词： Authentication   Internet of Things (IoT)   Internet of vehicles (IoV)   RFID   Security and privacy   Ultralightweight  

摘要： With the rapid development in world-wide technologies affecting large-scale applications, the Internet of Things (IoT) has gained a lot of attention from such applications. The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) technology is an exploration of the IoT where radio frequency identification (RFID), one of the promising technologies, can be employed in the IoV systems. However, security and privacy are a key concern in RFID-based IoV system. In the RFID systems during wireless communication among the tag and the reader, an adversary can perform malicious attacks and compromise data privacy. Apart from privacy and security issues, the computation capability and memory of the tags are very limited as compared to the backend server and the reader; therefore, an RFID-based authentication protocol suffers from the high computational overhead. To overcome these issues, we have put forward an anonymous and secure ultralightweight RFID protocol for Internet of Vehicles (AnonSURP). In order to reduce the overhead of the RFID tags, we have exploited the cross and the left rotate operations instead of a hash function for data encryption. In particular, the proposed protocol aims at ensuring the user’s location privacy, data privacy, and resisting typical known attacks. Also, the proposed protocol is ensuring the low-cost of the RFID tags and providing fast certification speed. The informal analysis ensures that the protocol AnonSURP meets the various security requirements and provides resistance from various known attacks. Finally, a comparative analysis has been performed that demonstrates the better performance of the proposed protocol from the existing protocols.

关键词： Behavior   Preference test   mice   Laboratory animals   Home cage   Group housing   Automated recording   Tracking   RFID   Refinement  

摘要： Existing methods for analysis of home cage-based preference tests are either time-consuming, not suitable for group management, expensive, and/or based on proprietary equipment that is not freely available. To correct this, we developed an automated system for group-housed mice based on radio frequency identification: the Mouse Position Surveillance System (MoPSS). The system uses an Arduino microcontroller with compatible components;it is affordable and easy to rebuild for every laboratory because it uses free and open-source software and open-source hardware with the RFID readers as the only proprietary component. The MoPSS was validated using female C57BL/6J mice and manual video comparison. It proved to be accurate even for fast-moving mice (up to 100% accuracy after logical reconstruction), and is already implemented in several studies in our laboratory. Here, we provide the complete construction description as well as the validation data and the results of an example experiment. This tracking system will allow group-based preference testing with individually identified mice to be carried out in a convenient manner. This facilitation of preference tests creates the foundation for better housing conditions from the animals' perspective.

关键词： UHF RFID passive tag   baseband processor   register transfer level   universal verification methodology   Internet-of-things enabler   FPGA  

摘要： the rapid growth and widespread implementation of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has become a vital supporting technology to enable it. Various researchers have studied the design of digital or analog blocks for RFID readers. However, most of these works did not provide a comprehensive design methodology. Hence, the motivation of this study is to full fill the research gap. This paper proposes a comprehensive design and testing methodology for the Ultrahigh Frequency (UHF) RFID passive tag baseband processor at the register transfer (RTL). A complete design procedure of each block from state diagram to schematic level is presented;it comprises several blocks, i.e., transmitter, receiver, Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), command processing, and Pseudorandom Number Generator (PRNG). Each block produces low latency (<400 ns). Two CRCs were applied to this system for different purpose: CRC-5 and CRC-16. To perform multi-parameter combinations of as many as 1344 combinations (including timing parameter, query respond, state transition, and BLF), a Universal Verification Methodology (UVM)-based test is conducted. The simulation results reveal that the proposed RFID baseband processor passes all the testing scenarios using UVM (version 1.1d). Moreover, we also implemented the proposed design on the FPGA board (ALTERA DE2-115). The system consumes 976 logic elements and 173.14 mW of total power dissipation (i.e., 0.13 mW of dynamic power dissipation, 98.6 mW of static power dissipation, and 74.34 mW of I/O dissipation), which is reasonably low. This demonstrates that our design is synthesizable and ready to be processed further. All system design and test criteria were conducted following the EPC Gen-2 standard. The developed chip can be a solution for various kinds of RFID chip-based IoT applications.

摘要： The era people live in is the era of big data, and massive data carry a large amount of information. This study aims to analyze RFID data based on big data and clustering algorithms. In this study, a RFID data extraction technology based on joint Kalman filter fusion is proposed. In the system, the proposed data extraction technology can effectively read RFID tags. The data are recorded, and the KM-KL clustering algorithm is proposed for RFID data, which combines the advantages of the K-means algorithm. The improved KM-KL clustering algorithm can effectively analyze and evaluate RFID data. The experimental results of this study prove that the recognition error rate of the RFID data extraction technology based on the joint Kalman filter fusion is only 2.7%. The improved KM-KL clustering algorithm also has better performance than the traditional algorithm.