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关键词： Cryptography  

摘要： Forward privacy of RFID systems and its relaxed version, narrow forward privacy, are generally considered satisfactory for practical needs. Unfortunately, the attempt to get forward privacy by symmetric-key cryptography failed. Also, all symmetric-key cryptography-based RFID systems proposed so far that are strictly narrow forward private (that is, narrow forward private but not forward private) suffer from desynchronization. Under these circumstances, the question whether the attempt to exceed these limits is doomed to failure or not was frequently asked. The paper we are proposing wants to clarify this matter. Thus, we show that forward privacy in Vaudenay's RFID model cannot be achieved with symmetric-key cryptography. Then, we show that strictly narrow forward privacy can be achieved with symmetric-key cryptography only by RFID systems with unbounded desynchronization. This last result holds for strictly narrow destructive privacy and strictly narrow strong privacy too, if one wants to achieve them with symmetric-key cryptography.

关键词： rfid   mimo   survey   multiple antenna   anti-collision   estimation   passive  

摘要： In this paper, we briefly look at the latest state-ot-the-art in the domain of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radio frequency identification (RFID) systems while detailing the work done in the domain of anti-collision, range enhancements, bit error rate (BER) improvements and security. Various passive ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID implementations are considered that employ multiple antennas at the reader and single or multiple antennas at each tag. We look at several recent works those explored MIMO for RFID receivers. When using MIMO at the backscatter channel, significant improvements can be achieved in the BER as well as range extension. With the extra reliability and increased throughput, such systems can be deployed in many important applications like large tag reading scenarios and accurate tracking. Increased throughput is directly dependent on estimation of tag quantity in a bulk reading environment and usually estimators designed for single antenna systems under-perform in such settings causing low signal to noise ratio (SNR) when employed in MIMO systems where tag signal overlapping can happen more often. One of the key challenges is to keep the design of the RFID tag simple, cutting cost and power requirement when employing anti-collision schemes. We provide a brief survey in some of the recent developments related to MIMO RFID systems, the protocols and algorithms used, and improvements achieved.

关键词： Internet of Things   slotted ALOHA   time slot utilization efficiency   access protocols   regression analysis   SR-RBST anti-collision algorithm   total time slot   business process   Slotted ALOHA   tree searching   radiofrequency identification   collision time slot   Internet of Things technology   strong technical support   label information   slotted random regressive-style binary search tree   logistics industry   technological transformation   logistics   informatization development   SR-RBST algorithm   RFID technology   RFID labels   radio frequency identification technology   data collision  

摘要： In recent years, the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology has provided a strong technical support for the technological transformation of the logistics industry. The informatization development of logistics industry increasingly relies on the Internet of Things technology represented by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. These technologies lead the whole business process to optimize the business process in the direction of accurate, efficient and real-time. In order to solve the problem that the reader cannot identify the label information correctly due to the phenomenon of data collision in the application of RFID technology, this paper proposes an anti-collision algorithm based on Slotted Random Regressive-style Binary Search Tree (SR-RBST). Based on Slotted ALOHA (SA) the method proposed in this paper uses the Regressive-style Binary Search Tree (RBST) to process the RFID labels in the collision time slot. With the same size of tags, the SR-RBST algorithm needs less total time slot and has higher efficiency and shorter identification time, while with the increase of the number of tags, the SR-RBST anti-collision algorithm has more obvious advantages. The SR-RBST algorithm effectively improves the time slot utilization efficiency of the system.

关键词： Internet of things   Authentication   RFID   Security   Ultra-lightweight  

摘要： With the increase of connected devices being introduced into the market each day, the Internet of Things (IoT) vision is progressively becoming a reality. This phenomenon however increases key security risks flagged by the scientific and research community and industry professionals. Devices featuring limited security capabilities are of particular concern in IoT adoption, including passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags. In response to such security limitations, several ultra-lightweight authentication protocols have been proposed, although, most of them exhibit various vulnerabilities. In this study, we evaluate the security level of recent ultra-lightweight mutual authentication protocols and show their susceptibility to replay and desynchronization attacks. Through this research, we also show that these protocols can be grouped into a generalized version of ultra-lightweight mutual authentication protocols (GUMAPs) and classify them into two categories: (i) GUMAP1, where both parties (tag and reader) maintain a history of old parameters;and (ii) GUMAP2, where only one party maintains a history of old parameters. We then establish that both groups are vulnerable to replay and desynchronization attacks. To eliminate these vulnerabilities, we propose a more secure generalized improved mutual authentication protocol (GIMAP). To address the security issues, we present a new message authentication code (MAC) function for GIMAP and prove that the new protocol can satisfy the security requirement involved in lightweight protocols. The security analysis of GIMAP is also supported by the formal security analysis, using two widely accepted approaches, namely BAN logic and the Scyther tool.

关键词： Machine Learning   Radio frequency identification   RFID tag integrated sensor system   Tag antenna   Wireless sensors  

摘要： Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is considered as a new sensing paradigm due to its low-cost, passive wireless power transfer capability, flexibility, and non-line-of-sight communication. The technology had already been successful in automatic identification, tracking, and tracing applications such as logistics, clothing, agriculture, food, manufacturing, etc. Research towards sensing applications has started, and they are in the stage of experimental demonstration and industrial deployment. The main focus of this review is to provide a piece of detailed information about RFID technology and its diverse applications together in one platform with an extensive literature survey. Beginning with the evolution of RFID;comparing the RFID technology with wired and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) with different attributes;understanding the different protocols used in wireless sensor technologies;the working principle of RFID - based on near-field and far-field communication, chipped and chipless tags, are briefly discussed with illustrations. The diverse applications of RFID technology are addressed with their quantifying measuring parameters, and the technical challenges involved in each application are also discussed wherever required. The main RFID applications include agriculture, aviation, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), biomedical, food/chemical, and some unique/emerging applications are presented under the miscellaneous category. Finally, we proposed a generalized methodology for intelligent condition monitoring using RFID technology and Machine Learning (ML) approach to improve fault diagnosis accuracy, classification, and prediction without human intervention.

关键词： Radio frequency identification (RFID)  

摘要： In this work, we describe step by step a complete workflow to apply machine learning (ML) classification for chipless RFID tag identification, covering: i) the tag implementation criteria for circular ring resonator (CRR) arrays for ML interoperability;ii) the data collection procedure to get a sufficiently representative dataset of real measurements;iii) the ML techniques to visualize the data and reduce its dimensionality;iv) the evaluation of the ML classifier to ensure high accuracy predictions on new measurements;and v) a thresholding scheme to increase the certainty of the predictions. The differences of the tags’ frequency responses are maximized by optimizing the Hamming distance between the tag identifiers and by controlling the radar cross section (RCS) level of each CRR array. We show on two scenarios, fixed and flexible range (up to 160 cm), that the proposed workflow can achieve perfect accuracy in most cases for the identification of four tags. © 2022, CC BY.

摘要： In recent times, RFID technology based applications are increasing rapidly. RFID applications include manufacturing units, agriculture, various industries, vehicle tracking and many more fields. This is an automated with wireless technology. In this paper, the problem of attendance in several organizations with precise and perfect is explained. In an organization, attendance of every student or employee is taken manually. This manual method consumes more time and the output may be flawed. Furthermore it may be incorrect. So, the attendance system using RFID tag will enhance the flexibility of attendance system and maintain the records without any error. In this design, students or employees in an organization are given passive RFID tags which are low in cost. These tags are used to recognize the student or employee in that organization. Once the tag is identified by the card reader, data is recorded and transferred for additional processing. Data obtained from card reader is displayed on LCD with the help of processor and it is transferred to the PC/Laptop for database organization. This attendance system is done using arduino based on RFID technology.

关键词： Internet of things  

摘要： Radiofrequency finger augmentation devices (R-FADs) are a recently introduced class of epidermal radiofrequency identification (RFID) sensor-tags attached to the fingers, communicating with a body-worn reader. These devices are promising candidates to enable Tactile Internet (TI) applications in the short term. R-FAD based on auto-tuning RFID microchips can be used as dielectric probes for the material of touched objects. However, due to the nearly unpredictable intrinsic variability of finger-object interaction, a single sensorized finger (single-channel device) is not enough to guarantee reliable data sampling. These limitations can be overcome by exploiting a multi-channel R-FAD sensorizing multiple fingers of the hand. In this paper, the dielectric-sensing performance of a multi-channel R-FAD, composed of sensors encapsulated into soft elastomers, is numerically and experimentally characterized, involving a set of volunteers. The inter-sensor coupling is negligible, thus enabling simultaneous independent dielectric measurements. The multi-sensor configuration allows for 100% reliability of the on-hand communication link for touched objects in a wide range of permittivity. Experiments moreover demonstrate that multichannel measurements can halve the measurement uncertainty of the single-channel case. The achievable precision is suitable to discriminate among low-, medium-, and high-permittivity materials. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Indoor positioning systems  

摘要： This paper proposes an indoor localization algorithm based on AOA (Arrive of Angle) and orientation angle (OA) for passive UHF RFID (Ultra-High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification) tag array. By utilizing a uniform linear tag array (ULA), the AOA, which is defined as the angle of the reader relative to the tag array, can be estimated by the Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm. The relationship between AOA, OA of the tag array, and the direction angle (DA) between each reader antenna to the geometric center of the tag array is analyzed, and an OA retrieval method based on rotating the coordinate system is proposed to calculate DA. The tag array localization is finally acquired by the DA of each antenna. Simulation and experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve decimeter-level localization accuracy. The proposed algorithm achieves a mean accuracy of 0.216m, which is a significant improvement compared with the traditional AOA localization algorithm.